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Line 101: The Tor seems to have been called ''Ynys yr Afalon'' (meaning "The Isle of Avalon") by the [[Britons (Celtic people)|Britons]] and is believed by some, including the 12th and 13th century writer [[Gerald of Wales]], to be the [[Avalon]] of [[Matter of Britain|Arthurian legend]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gerald of Wales|url=http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/debarri.html|work=Sources of British History|publisher=Britannia|access-date=2 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003182610/http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/debarri.html|archive-date=3 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Tor has been associated with the name Avalon, and identified with [[King Arthur]], since the alleged discovery of his and Queen Guinevere's neatly labelled coffins in 1191, recounted by [[Gerald of Wales]].{{sfn|Nitze|1934|pp=355–361}}{{sfn|Ditmas|1964|pp=19–33}} Author [[Christopher L. Hodapp]] asserts in his book ''The Templar Code for Dummies'' that Glastonbury Tor is one of the possible locations of the [[Holy Grail]], because it is close to the monastery that housed the [[Nanteos Cup]].{{sfn|Hodapp|Von Kannon|2007|}} The Tor has been a place of Christian pilgrimage at least since the 11th-century and continues to be so, both because of the long-standing dedication to [[St. Michael the Archangel]] (the patron of many sacred mountains and hills) and more recently because of the martyrdoms of the With the 19th-century resurgence of interest in [[Celtic mythology]], the Tor became associated with [[Gwyn ap Nudd]], the first Lord of the Otherworld ([[Annwn]]) and later King of the [[fairy|Fairies]].{{sfn|Bowman|2005|p=178}}{{sfn|Bowman|2008|p=251}} The Tor came to be represented as an entrance to Annwn or to Avalon, the land of the fairies. The Tor is supposedly a gateway into "The Land of the Dead (Avalon)".<ref>{{cite book|last=Emick|first=Jennifer|title=The Everything Celtic Wisdom Book|year=2008|publisher=Adams Media|isbn=978-1-4405-2170-6|pages=96–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5skKKMRUHAMC&pg=PT109}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A persistent myth of more recent origin is that of the [[Temple of the Stars|Glastonbury Zodiac]],{{sfn|Wylie|2002|pp=441–454}} a purported astrological [[zodiac]] of gargantuan proportions said to have been carved into the land along ancient [[hedge]]rows and trackways,<ref>{{cite web|last=Caine|first=Mary|title=The Glastonbury Giants|url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~pardos/GGZodiac2.html|work= [[Gandalf's Garden]]|volume= 4|year=1969}}</ref> in which the Tor forms part of the figure representing Aquarius.{{sfn|Bowman|2005|p=180}} The theory was first put forward in 1927 by [[Katharine Emma Maltwood|Katherine Maltwood]],{{sfn|Rahtz|Watts|2003|pp=65–66}}{{sfn|Rahtz|1993|p=50}} an artist with interest in the occult, who thought the zodiac was constructed approximately 5,000 years ago.{{sfn|Maltwood|1987|}} But the vast majority of the land said by Maltwood to be covered by the zodiac was under several feet of water at the proposed time of its construction,{{sfn|Ivakhiv|2001|p=112}} and many of the features such as field boundaries and roads are recent.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Glastonbury Zodiac|url=http://www.badarchaeology.com/?page_id=889|publisher=Bad Archeology|author1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews, Keith |author2=Doeser, James |access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref>{{sfn|Rahtz|Watts|2003|pp=65–66}} Line 131: *{{cite book|last=Bowden-Pickstock|first=Susan|title=Quiet Gardens: The Roots of Faith?|year=2009|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-84706-341-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tznuhNOQ6EcC&pg=PA107}} *{{cite journal|title= Procession and Possession in Glastonbury: Continuity, Change and the Manipulation of Tradition|last=Bowman|first=Marion|journal=Folklore|volume=115|issue=3|year=2004|pages= 273–85|jstor=30035212|doi= 10.1080/0015587042000284266|doi-access=free}} *{{cite journal|last=Bowman|first=Marion|title=Ancient Avalon, New Jerusalem, Heart Chakra of Planet Earth: The Local and the Global in Glastonbury|journal=Numen: International Review for the History of Religions|year=2005|volume=52|issue=2|pages=157–190|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/2909/|jstor=3270462|doi=10.1163/1568527054024722|access-date=8 December 2013|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213054004/http://oro.open.ac.uk/2909/|url-status=dead}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Margry|editor-first=Peter Jan|last=Bowman|first=Marion|title=Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World: New Itineraries into the Sacred|url=https://archive.org/details/shrinespilgrimag00marg|url-access=limited|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=2008|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shrinespilgrimag00marg/page/n241 241]–280|chapter=Going with the flow: Contemporary pilgrimage in Glastonbury|isbn=978-90-8964-011-6}} *{{cite book|last=Castleden|first=Rodney|title=King Arthur: The Truth Behind the Legend|year=1999|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-19575-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/kingarthurtruthb00cast}} *{{cite journal|last=Ditmas|first=E.M.R.|author-link=Edith Ditmas|title=The Cult of Arthurian Relics|journal=Folklore|year=1964|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1080/0015587X.1964.9716942|pages=19–33}} *{{cite book|last=Ekwall|first=Eilert|author-link=Eilert Ekwall|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names|year=1960|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-869103-7}} *{{cite journal|last=Garner|first=Keith|title=Survival of an ancient tower|journal=Building Conservation Journal|issue=35|year=2004|url=http://www.kgarch.co.uk/writing/glastonbury/index.htm|pages=18–21|access-date=27 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212716/http://www.kgarch.co.uk/writing/glastonbury/index.htm|url-status=dead}} | |||