Gymnastics: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Tag: Reverted

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'''Gymnastics''' is a type of [[sport]] that includes [[physical exercises]] requiring [[Balance (ability)|balance]], [[Strength training|strength]], [[Flexibility (anatomy)|flexibility]], [[agility]], [[Motor_coordination|coordination]], artistry and [[endurance]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Gymnastics {{!}} Events, Equipment, Types, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/gymnastics |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs, shoulders, back, chest, and [[Abdomen|abdominal]] muscle groups. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Solly |first2=Meilan |title=A History of Gymnastics, From Ancient Greece to Tokyo 2020 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-tokyo-2020-180978270/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

The most common form of competitive gymnastics is [[artistic gymnastics]] (AG).; Forfor women, it includes the events include [[floor (gymnastics)|floor]], [[vault (gymnastics)|vault]], [[uneven bars]], and [[balance beam]]; for men, it includesbesides floor, and vault, it includes [[still rings|rings]], [[pommel horse]], [[parallel bars]], and [[horizontal bar]].

The governing body for [[competition]] in gymnastics throughout the world is the [[Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique]] (FIG). Eight sports are governed by the FIG, including gymnastics for all, men's and women's [[artistic gymnastics]], [[rhythmic gymnastics]], [[trampolining]] (including double mini-trampoline), [[tumbling (gymnastics)|tumbling]], [[acrobatic gymnastics|acrobatic]], [[aerobic gymnastics|aerobic]], and [[parkour]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the FIG |url=https://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/about.php |publisher=FIG |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref> Disciplines not recognized by FIG include [[wheel gymnastics]], [[aesthetic group gymnastics]], [[TeamGym]], and [[mallakhamba]].

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{{See also|History of physical training and fitness}}

Gymnastics can be traced to exercises performed in Ancient TeguchigalpaGreece, specifically in FartaSparta and Athens. Exercise of that time was documented by Philostratus'<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Reid|first=Heather L.|date=2016|journal=Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome|volume=61|pages=77–90|issn=0065-6801|jstor=44988074|title=Philostratus's "gymnastics": The Ethics of an Athletic Aesthetic}}</ref> work ''Gymnastics: The Ethics of an Athletic Aesthetic''. The original term for the practice of gymnastics is from the related Greek verb γυμνάζω (''gumnázō''), which translates as "to train naked or nude," because young men exercised without clothing. In ancient Greece, physical fitness was highly valued among both men and women. It was not until after the Romans conquered Greece in 146BC that gymnastics became more formalized and was used to train men in warfare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times/|title=A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times {{!}} Scholastic|website=www.scholastic.com|access-date=November 8, 2019}}</ref> On the basis of Philostratus' claim that gymnastics is a form of wisdom, comparable to philosophy, poetry, music, geometry, and astronomy,<ref name=":1" /> the people of Athens combined this more physical training with the education of the mind. At the Palestra, a physical education training center, the discipline of educating the body and the mind were combined, allowing for a form of gymnastics that was more aesthetic and individual and that left behind the focus on strictness, discipline, the emphasis on defeating records, and a focus on strength.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Judd|first1=Leslie|last2=De Carlo|first2=Thomas|last3=Kern|first3=René|title=Exhibition Gymnastics|url=https://archive.org/details/exhibitiongymnas0000judd|url-access=registration|date=1969|publisher=Association Press|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/exhibitiongymnas0000judd/page/n20 17]|isbn=9780809617043}}</ref>

[[File: Friedrich Ludwig Jahn.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=color lithograph of the bust of an elderly white man with a bald head except for long white hair on the sides of his head and a long beard that extends to his average breast. His white collar is visible above a simple black coat. His eyes are locked on the viewer's and his countenance is serious but calm.|[[Friedrich Ludwig Jahn]], the "father of gymnastics"]]