Hakeem Noor-ud-Din: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{More citations needed|date=January 2016}}

{{Infobox religious biography

| name = Hakeem Noor-ud-Din chungur

| native_name = {{nq|حکیم نور الدین}}

| title = [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Caliph of the Messiah]]<br />Amir al-Mu'minin

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{{Ahmadiyya|Organizational structure}}

'''Hakeem Noor-ud-Din''' (also spelled '''Hakim Nur-ud-Din'''; {{script|ur-Arab|حکیم نور الدین}}; 8 January 1834 – 13 March 1914)<ref name="source">{{cite web|url=https://www.alfazlonline.org/11/04/2020/14869/ |title=حضرت خلیفۃ المسیح الاولؓ کی عمر کے متعلق جدید تحقیق|date=11 April 2020 }}</ref> was a close companion of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the [[Ahmadiyya Movement]], and his first successor and [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|first Ahmadiyya caliph]] since 27 May 1908.

Royal Physician to the [[Maharaja]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] for many years, his extensive travels included a long stay in the cities of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] in pursuit of religious learning. Noor-ud-Din was the first person to give [[bay'ah]] (pledge of allegiance) to Ghulam Ahmad in 1889 and remained his closest associate and confidant, leaving his home in [[Bhera]] and setting up permanent residence at [[Qadian]] in 1892.{{sfn|Ahmad|2003|pp=84–5}} He assisted Ghulam Ahmad throughout the course of his religious vocation, himself authored several volumes of rebuttals in response to criticisms raised by Christian and Hindu polemicists against Islam and was instrumental in arranging some of the public debates between Ghulam Ahmad and his adversaries.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=14}} After Ghulam Ahmad's death, he was unanimously chosen as his successor. Under Noor-ud-Din's leadership, the Ahmadiyya movement began to organise missionary activity with small groups of Ahmadis emerging in [[South India|southern India]], [[Bengal]] and [[Afghanistan]], the [[Ahmadiyya in the United Kingdom|first Islamic mission in England]] was established in 1913,{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=15}} and work began on the English [[Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran|translation of the Quran]].{{sfn|Ahmad|2003|p=124}} His lectures on [[Tafsir|Quranic exegesis]] and [[Hadith]] were one of the main attractions for visitors to Qadian after Ghulam Ahmad. Many prominent scholars and leaders were his students, including [[Muhammad Ali (writer)|Muhammad Ali]] and [[Maulvi Sher Ali|Sher Ali]], who were themselves Quranic commentators and among the [[English translations of the Quran|earliest translators]] of the Quran into English, and [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad|Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud]] who succeeded him as the caliph.

==Family==

Hakeem Noor-ud-Din was the youngest of seven brothers and two sisters and the 34th direct lineal male descent of [[Umar Ibn al-Khattab]], the second [[caliph]] of Islam.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/HazratMaulviNooruddeen.pdf | title=Hadrat Maulawi Nur-ud-Din: Khalifatul Masih I | access-date=19 April 2011 | author=Khan, Muhammad Zafrulla | page=1}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2020}} The forebears of Maulana Noor-ud-Deen, on migration from [[Medina]] settled down in [[Balkh]] and became rulers of [[Kabul]] and [[Ghazni]]. During the attack of [[Genghis Khan]], his ancestors migrated from [[Kabul]] and first settled near [[Multan]] and then finally at [[Bhera]]. Among his forefathers were a number of individuals who taught [[Islam]] and claimed a proud privilege of heading a chain of descendants who had memorized the [[Qur'an]]; His earlier eleven generations shared this distinction. Among the ancestors of Maulana Noor-ud-Deen, there were [[Saints in Islam|saints]] and [[Islamic scholar|scholars]] of high repute. [[Sultans]], ''[[Sufi]]is'', ''[[Qadi|Qazi]]''s and [[Shaheed|martyrs]] were all among his [[Family tree of Umar|ancestors]] who once enjoyed an important place in the [[Muslim World]]. The family members of his tribe are still known as ''[[Sahibzada]]''. In [[Bhera]] (his birthplace), his [[Family tree of Umar|family]] was accorded a high degree of respect from the beginning.{{sfn|Ahmad|2003|pp=1–6}}

== Early years and education ==

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==Royal Physician==

In 1876 he was employed as the royal physician to Maharaja [[Ranbir Singh (Maharaja)|Ranbir Singh]] the ruler of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. There are detailed accounts of his tenure as the court physician. All the schools hospitals of the state were placed under him. Initially he worked under the Chief Physician [[Agha (Hakim) Muhammad Baqir]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medind.nic.in/jab/t12/i1/jabt12i1p91.pdf |title=AYUSH in J&K:- A Historical Perspective with special reference to Unani System of Medicine. |author=Abdul Kabir Dar |website=Medind.nic.in |access-date=2016-01-27 |archive-date=19 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919002903/http://medind.nic.in/jab/t12/i1/jabt12i1p91.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> but after Hakim Baqir's death he was made the chief physician himself. During his time as physician he is said to have given a lot of time to the service of Islam; and would often engage in religious and intellectual discussion with the Maharaja himself. During these discussions he was known for his fearlessness and frankness. The Maharaja and his son Raja Amar singh are said to have learnt the Quran from Noor-ud-Din.

The Maharajah is said to have stated once to his courtiers, "each one of you is here on some purpose or to seek some favour from me and keep flattering me, but this man (Hakeem Sahib) is the only person who has no axe to grind and is here because he is needed by the state. This is the reason why whatever is stated by Hakeem Sahib is listened to carefully as he has no ulterior motive."<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

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==Works==

*''[[Haqaiq al-furqan]]'' (four-volume compilation of Quranic discourses)

*''Exegesis The Holy Qur'anQur’ân: Commentary & Reflections '' 1990 (based on his writings, translated by his daughter-in-law Amatul Rahman Omar with help from his son Abdul Mannan Omar ({{ISBN|0976697238}})<ref>[https://islamusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Exegesis-Commentary.pdf </ref>▼

*''Rahnuma-yi Hijaz al-mawsum bi-Riyaz al-haramayn'' (A Guide to the Hijaz, entitled the Gardens of Mecca and Medina), describing the holy places in [[Hijaz]].

*''Bayyaz-i-Noor-ud-Din'' (Noor-ud-Din's [[Pharmacopoeia]])

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*''Deeniyat ka pehla rasala'' (Primer of Theology)

*''Mabadi al-sarf wa Nahw'' (Principles of Grammar)

*''Khutabat-iKhutbat e-Noor'' (Collected Sermons)<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/urdu/knoor/Khutbaat-e-Noor.pdf ''Khutabat-i-Noor''], (4th ed.),

Qadian: ''nazaarat nashro ishaat'', 2003</ref>

* ''Khitabat e Noor'' (Collected Speeches).<ref>[https://alisl.am/u1470 ''Khitabat e-Noor'']</ref>

▲*''The Holy Qur'an'' 1990 based on his writings, translated by his daughter-in-law Amatul Rahman Omar with help from his son Abdul Mannan Omar ({{ISBN|0976697238}})

*''Eik Isai kei Tin Sawal aur unkei Jawabat'' (''A Response to Three Questions of a Christian'')<ref>[https://alisl.am/e28098 ''Eik ‘Isai kei Tin Sawal aur unkei Jawabat''], Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam, 1892</ref>

* ''Irshadat e Noor'' (3-volume collection of letters, articles, announcements and Question & Answer Sessions).<ref>[https://alisl.am/u1486 ''Irshadat e Noor'']</ref>

==Marriages and children==

[[File:Al-Hajj Maulana Noor-ud-Din.jpg|thumb|right|Noor-ud-Din with his son Abdul Hayy.|346x346px]]

Noor-ud-Din married three times. His first wife was Fatima Sahiba, daughter of Sheikh Mukarram Bhervi. She died in 1905, before he became Caliph. He also married Sughra Begum (1874 - 7 August 1955), the daughter of Sufi Ahmad Jan of [[Ludhiana]] in 1889. There is little information about his third wife. He likely married her during a visit to Mecca and Medina. Many of his children died in childhood.{{sfn|Ahmad|2003|p=3}}

Noor-ud-Din had children with both his wives. With Fatima:

With Fatima Sahiba<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/noor-ud-deen/hakeem-noor-ud-deen.pdf |title=Hakeem Noor-Ud-Deen : The Way of the Righteous |author=Syed Hasanat Ahmad |website=Alislam.org |access-date=2016-01-27}}</ref>▼

*Imamah (Died in 1897).

*Umaamah

*Hafsah (1874 - )

*Amatullah

*Usamah

▲WithTwo Fatimaother Sahibadaughters and eight other sons all died in infancy.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/noor-ud-deen/hakeem-noor-ud-deen.pdf |title=Hakeem Noor-Ud-Deen : The Way of the Righteous |author=Syed Hasanat Ahmad |website=Alislam.org |access-date=2016-01-27}}</ref>

With Sughra Begum, also known as Ammaji<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

*Amatul Hayee, daughter,Hayy (19001 August 1901 -1914 10 December 1924), married [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]]

*Abdul Hayy (15 February 1999 - 11 November 1915)

*Abdul Hayee, son

*Abdus Salaam, son( - 1956).

*Abdul Wahhaab, son

*Abdul Mannaan, son(19 April 1910 - 28 July 2006).

==Notes==

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{{Refend}}

==External links==

{{Commons category|Nuur ud-Din}}

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[[Category:1914 deaths]]

[[Category:Ahmadiyyah caliphs]]

[[Category:Punjabi people]]

[[Category:People from Gurdaspur]]

[[Category:Indian Ahmadis]]