High Efficiency Video Coding: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

The HEVC format was jointly developed by more than a dozen organisations across the world. The majority of active patent contributions towards the development of the HEVC format came from five organizations: [[Samsung Electronics]] (4,249 patents), [[General Electric]] (1,127 patents),<ref name="hevcadvance"/> M&K Holdings (907 patents), [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]] ({{#expr:16+862}} patents), and [[JVC Kenwood]] (628 patents).<ref name="mpegla"/> Other patent holders include [[Fujitsu]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Canon Inc.|Canon]], [[Columbia University]], [[KAIST]], [[Kwangwoon University]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], [[Sungkyunkwan University]], [[Funai]], [[Hikvision]], [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]], [[KT Corporation|KT]] and [[NEC]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Licensors Included in the HEVC Patent Portfolio License|url=https://www.mpegla.com/programs/hevc/licensors/ |website=[[MPEG LA]] |access-date=18 June 2019|archive-date=April 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413125606/https://www.mpegla.com/programs/hevc/licensors/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Previous work===

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*Persistent Rice adaptation, a general optimization of entropy coding.

*Higher precision [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC#Features|weighted prediction]] at high bit depths.<ref name=HEVCMeetingReport15>{{cite news |title=Meeting report of the 15th meeting of the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), Geneva, CH, 23 Oct. – 1 Nov. 2013 |publisher=ITU-T |url=http://wftp3.itu.int/av-arch/jctvc-site/2013_10_O_Geneva/JCTVC-O_Notes_d9.doc |format=DOC |date=2013-11-03 |access-date=2013-11-09}}</ref>

*Cross-component prediction, allowing the imperfect [[YCbCr]] color decorrelation to let the luma (or G) match set the predicted chroma (or R/B) matches, which results in up to 7% gain for YCbCr 4:4:4 and up to 26% for RGB video. Particularly useful for screen coding.<ref name=HEVCMeetingReport15/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Khairat|last2=Tung|first2=Nguyen|last3=Mischa|first3=Siekmann|last4=Detlev|first4=Marpe|title=Adaptive Cross-Component Prediction for 4:4:4 High Efficiency Video Coding|url=http://nguyen.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/CCP-ICIP-2014-preprint.pdf|access-date=December 18, 2014|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224215619/http://nguyen.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/CCP-ICIP-2014-preprint.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*Intra smoothing control, allowing the encoder to turn smoothing on or off per-block, instead of per-frame.

*Modifications of transform skip:

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====Main 10====

The Main 10 ({{code|Main10}}) profile was added at the October 2012 HEVC meeting based on proposal JCTVC-K0109 which proposed that a 10-bit profile be added to HEVC for consumer applications. The proposal said this was to allow for improved video quality and to support the [[Rec. 2020]] color space that has become widely used in UHDTV systems and to be able to deliver higher dynamic range and color fidelity avoiding the banding artifacts. A variety of companies supported the proposal which included [[Ateme]], [[BBC]], [[BSkyB]], [[Cisco]], [[DirecTV]], [[Ericsson]], [[Motorola Mobility]], NGCodec, [[NHK]], [[RAI]], ST, [[Sveriges Television|SVT]], [[Thomson Video Networks]], [[Technicolor SA|Technicolor]], and [[ViXS Systems]].<ref name=HEVCOctober2012K0109>{{cite news |title=On a 10-bit consumer-oriented profile in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) |author=Alberto Dueñas |author2=Adam Malamy |publisher=JCT-VC |url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=6479 |date=2012-10-18 |access-date=2012-11-03 |archive-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130213060530/http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=6479 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Main 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 to 10 bits per sample with 4:2:0 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Main and Main 10.{{sfn|ITU|2015}} A higher bit depth allows for a greater number of colors. 8 bits per sample allows for 256 [[Tints and shades|shades]] per [[primary color]] (a total of 16.78 million colors) while 10 bits per sample allows for 1024 shades per primary color (a total of 1.07 billion colors). A higher bit depth allows for a smoother transition of color which resolves the problem known as [[color banding]].<ref name=EricssonHEVCBackgroundJune2013>{{cite news |title=Focus on...HEVC: The background behind the game-changing standard- Ericsson |author=Carl Furgusson |publisher=Ericsson |url=http://www.ericsson.com/televisionary/blog/focus-hevc-background-behind-game-changing-standard-ericsson/ |date=2013-06-11 |access-date=2013-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620000218/http://www.ericsson.com/televisionary/blog/focus-hevc-background-behind-game-changing-standard-ericsson/ |archive-date=June 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=ImaginationEmergenceHEVC10bitJune2013>{{cite news |title=The emergence of HEVC and 10-bit colour formats |author=Simon Forrest |publisher=Imagination Technologies |url=http://withimagination.imgtec.com/index.php/powervr-video/the-emergence-of-hevc-and-10-bit-colour-formats |date=2013-06-20 |access-date=2013-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915075921/http://withimagination.imgtec.com/index.php/powervr-video/the-emergence-of-hevc-and-10-bit-colour-formats |archive-date=September 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The Main 10 profile allows for improved video quality since it can support video with a higher bit depth than what is supported by the Main profile.<ref name=HEVCOctober2012K0109/> Additionally, in the Main 10 profile 8-bit video can be coded with a higher bit depth of 10 bits, which allows improved coding efficiency compared to the Main profile.<ref name=HEVCTechnicolorJuly2012Overview>{{cite news |title=An overview of the emerging HEVC standard |author=Philippe Bordes |author2=Gordon Clare |author3=Félix Henry |author4=Mickaël Raulet |author5=Jérôme Viéron |publisher=Technicolor |url=https://research.technicolor.com/rennes/wp-content/uploads/publications/pub_100.pdf |date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003134715/https://research.technicolor.com/rennes/wp-content/uploads/publications/pub_100.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=HEVCTechnicolorJuly2012OverviewPublication>{{cite news |title=Rennes Research & Innovation Center: Publication |publisher=Technicolor |url=https://research.technicolor.com/rennes/publication-26/ |date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001636/https://research.technicolor.com/rennes/publication-26/ |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=MotionImprovementsHEVCIEEE2012>{{cite news |title=Video Compression Using Nested Quadtree Structures, Leaf Merging and Improved Techniques for Motion Representation and Entropy Coding |author=Detlev Marpe |author2=Heiko Schwarz |author3=Sebastian Bosse |author4=Benjamin Bross |author5=Philipp Helle |author6=Tobias Hinz |author7=Heiner Kirchhoffer |author8=Haricharan Lakshman |author9=Tung Nguyen| display-authors = 8 |publisher=IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology |url=http://iphome.hhi.de/wiegand/assets/pdfs/video-compression-nested-quadtree.pdf |access-date=2012-11-08}}</ref>

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==Versatile Video Coding==

In October 2015, MPEG and VCEG formed Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/16/Pages/video/jvet.aspx|title=JVET - Joint Video Experts Team|website=ITU.int}}</ref> to evaluate available compression technologies and study the requirements for a next-generation video compression standard. The new algorithm should have 30–50% better compression rate for the same perceptual quality, with support for lossless and subjectively lossless compression. It should also support YCbCr 4:4:4, 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 with 10 to 16 bits per component, BT.2100 wide color gamut and high dynamic range (HDR) of more than 16 stops (with peak brightness of 1,000, 4,000 and 10,000 nits), auxiliary channels (for depth, transparency, etc.), variable and fractional frame rates from 0 to 120 Hz, scalable video coding for temporal (frame rate), spatial (resolution), SNR, color gamut and dynamic range differences, stereo/multiview coding, panoramic formats, and still picture coding. Encoding complexity of 10 times that of HEVC is expected. JVET issued a final "Call for Proposals" in October 2017, with the first working draft of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard released in April 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-i/versatile-video-coding|title=Versatile Video Coding|website=The Moving Picture Experts Group website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.itu.int/versatile-video-coding-project-starts-strongly/|date=2018-04-27|title=Beyond HEVC: Versatile Video Coding project starts strongly in Joint Video Experts Team|website=ITU News|access-date=June 30, 2018|archive-date=December 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224215709/https://news.itu.int/versatile-video-coding-project-starts-strongly/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The VVC standard was finalized on July 6, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/16/Pages/video/jvet.aspx|title=JVET - Joint Video Experts Team|website=www.itu.int|access-date=2021-09-08}}</ref>

==See also==