Hip hop fashion: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|HipVarious hopstyles clothingof dress that originated in the United States}}

[[File:Snoop Dogg @ Døgnvill 2009 07.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Rapper [[Snoop Dogg]] atback ain 2009 show overalls]]▼

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'''Hip-hop fashion''' (also known as '''rap fashion''') isrefers ato stylethe various styles of [[clothing|dress]] that originated from Urban [[African Americans|Black America]] and inner- city youth in cities like [[New York City]], [[Atlanta]], and [[Los Angeles]]. Being a major part of [[hip hop (culture)|hip hop culture]], it further developed in [[Los Angeles]] and other cities across the United States,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fashionbeans.com/article/hip-hop-style/|title=The Complete Story Of How Hip-Hop Changed The Way We Dress|website=FashionBeans|language=en-UK|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref> with each contributing different elements to the overall style that is now recognisedrecognized worldwide.▼

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{{more citations needed|date=April 2009}}

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▲[[File:Snoop Dogg @ Døgnvill 2009 07.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Rapper [[Snoop Dogg]] at a 2009 show overalls]]

▲'''Hip-hop fashion''' (also known as '''rap fashion''') is a style of [[clothing|dress]] that originated from Urban [[African Americans|Black America]] and inner-city youth in [[New York City]]. Being a major part of [[hip hop (culture)|hip hop culture]], it further developed in [[Los Angeles]] and other cities across the United States,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fashionbeans.com/article/hip-hop-style/|title=The Complete Story Of How Hip-Hop Changed The Way We Dress|website=FashionBeans|language=en-UK|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref> with each contributing different elements to the overall style that is now recognised worldwide.

== History ==

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During the late 1970s, [[sportswear (activewear)|sportswear]] and fashion brands such as [[Le Coq Sportif]], [[Kangol]], [[Adidas]] and [[Pro-Keds]] became established and attached themselves to the emerging hip-hop scene.

In the 1980s, [[hip-hop]] [[Turntablism|DJ]]s were known for wearing brightly colored name-brand [[tracksuit]]s, [[sheepskin]] and leather [[bomber jacket]]s,<ref name="kitwana198">{{cite book|last=Kitwana|first=Bakari|title=The Hip-Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African-American Culture|year=2005|publisher=Basic Civitas Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-02979-2 |page=198}}</ref> backpiece jackets,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/niklasworisch/docs/backpiece_jackets_web_final|title = Backpiece jackets - the evolution of the painted jacket by Niklas Worisch - Issuu| date=30 May 2014 }}</ref> [[C&J Clark|Clarks]] shoes,<ref name="kitwana198"/> Britishers (also known as British walkers) and [[Sneaker (footwear)|sneakers]]. DJs would wear sneakers from brands such as [[Pro-Keds]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] Chuck Taylor All-Stars and [[Adidas]] Superstars often with oversized or "phat" shoelaces. Popular haircuts of the time ranged from the early-1980s [[Jheri curl]] to the early-1990s [[hi-top fade]], which was popularized by [[Will Smith]] (The Fresh Prince) and [[Christopher "Kid" Reid]] of [[Kid 'n Play]], among others. Another trend in hip-hop clothing, pioneered by [[Dapper Dan (designer)|Dapper Dan]] in the early 1980s, was the adaptation and brandishing of high-net-worth fashion house brands such as [[Louis Vuitton]], [[Fendi]], [[Gucci]] and logos on custom-designed tracksuits, jackets, and mink coats.

Trending accessories of the time included largeitems eyeglasses (such as large eyeglasses ([[Cazal Eyewear|Cazals]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://shopping.guardian.co.uk/beauty/story/0,,1561369,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Specs appeal | first=Lauren | last=Cochrane | date=2005-09-02 | access-date=2010-05-04}}</ref>), [[Kangol]] bucket hats, nameplates, name belts, multiple rings and heavy gold jewelry.<ref name="kitwana198"/><ref name="keyes152">Keyes, p. 152.</ref> Men's jewelry typically focused on heavy gold chains, while women's jewelry consisted of large gold earrings.<ref name="keyes152"/> Hip-hop performers like [[Kurtis Blow]] and [[Big Daddy Kane]] helped popularize gold necklaces and other types of jewelry, while female rappers such as [[Roxanne Shanté]] and the group [[Salt-N-Pepa]] helped popularize made oversized gold door-knocker [[earrings]] trend. The heavy jewelry was seen as a symbol of prestige and wealth, and some even connected the style to Africanism. For instance, MC [[Schoolly D]] claimed that wearing gold "is not something that was born and raised in America. This issue traces back to Africa. In the rap genre, the artists arewould engagingengage in battles. As the leading warriors, we must rise and proudly proclaim our victories, while also sharing the methods that helped us achieve them."<ref>Quoted in Keyes, p.&nbsp;152 (quoting Schoolly D. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ozV_Wa_c470C&dq=The%20Meaning%20of%20Gold%20Schoolly%20D&pg=PA52 "The Meaning of Gold."] ''Spin'' (October 1988), p.&nbsp;52).</ref>

The fashion of 1980s hip-hop is widely regarded as one of the key components of the [[Old-school hip hop|old-school hip-hop]] culture. It is often celebrated in [[nostalgia|nostalgic]] hip-hop tracks, such as [[Ahmad (rapper)|Ahmad]]'s 1994 single "[[Back in the Day (Ahmad song)|Back in the Day]]", and [[Missy Elliott]]'s 2002 song [[Back in the Day (Missy Elliott song)|of the same name]].

As per Gwendolyn O'Neal, author of ''African American Aesthetics of Dress'' (1997), "The African-American aesthetic of dress is not exclusively African or American, but rather is influenced by distinct 'cultural' experiences that stem from being of African heritageancestry and living in America."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Lewis/Gray|first=Tasha/Natalie|date=2013|title=The Maturation of hip hop's Menswear Brands: Outfitting the Urban Consumer|journal=Fashion Practice |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=229–243|doi=10.2752/175693813X13705243201531|s2cid=111293111}}</ref> In an interview with [[BlackBook|Black Book Magazine]], rapper [[Jay-Z]] supported this view and defended the preference for luxury fashion brands in hip-hop culture as a way of "living on our own terms, rather than trying to imitate an elite lifestyle." The use of high-end fashion products in the hip-hop lifestyle is not necessarily driven by conspicuous consumption.<ref name=":0" />

==== Preppy ====

In the 1980 the first wave of hip-hop influence, [[preppy]] fashion also gained popularity among the youth of the 80s. This group of young, upwardly mobile black individuals, known as "buppies,", embraced 80s1980s hip-hop music and wore clothing items from brands like Polo, [[Timberland (company)|Timberland]], and [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger]]. They were particularly drawn to the exclusivity and aspirational appeal of Hilfiger, with its all-American, WASP-y, and country club aesthetic.<ref>{{Cite book|title=hip hop & High Society|last=Kitwana|first=Bakari|publisher=Black Book Spring|pages=112–17}}</ref> The brand's immense popularity among the hip-hop subculture community eventually led to its global expansion.<ref name=":0" />

=== Late 1980s to early 1990s ===

[[Black nationalism]] was increasingly influential in [[Hip hop music|rap]] during the late 1980s, and fashions and hairstyles reflected [[African clothing|traditional African influences]].<ref name="keyes152" /> Blousy [[Trousers|pants]] were popular among dance-oriented rappers like [[MC Hammer|M.C. Hammer]].<ref name="keyes152"/> [[Fez (hat)|Fezzes]],<ref name="keyes152"/> [[kufi]]s decorated with the [[Kemetism|Kemetic]] [[ankh]],<ref name="keyes152"/> [[Kente cloth]] hats,<ref name="keyes152"/> Africa chains, [[dreadlocks]], and Black Nationalist colors of red, black, and green became popular as well, promoted by artists such as [[Queen Latifah]], [[KRS-One]], [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]], [[Native Tongues]] and [[X-Clan]].

In the 1990s, hip-hop fashion underwent a gradual evolution from the 1980s, as the community began to draw inspiration from traditional African-American dress. The style of dressing in the early 1990s was influenced by elements such as bright colors, oversized pants, and headwear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://filthydripped.com/hip-hop-fashion-in-the-90s/|title=Hip Hop Fashion in the 90s|website=filthydripped.com|date=6 November 2015|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-21}}</ref> The character portrayed by Will Smith in ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'' serves as a notable example of the classic style and fashion trends of the 1990s. He is consistently dressed in bright and colorful garments, throwback jerseys, and [[baseball cap]]s. Similarly, rappers such as Kid 'n Play and Left Eye of TLC also popularized the use of bright-colored clothing and baseball caps. Among women, TLC and the late R&B singer [[Aaliyah]] created a fashion trend by pairing baggy pants with crop tops or sports bras, and occasionally adding an oversized flannel shirt to their looks. This style represented their own version of femininity and conveyed the idea that not everything needs to be form-fitting and tight in order to be considered sexy.

[[Kris Kross]] established the fad of wearing clothes backwards.<ref name="keyes152" />

[[Kwamé]] sparked a brief trend of [[polka-dot]] clothing.<ref name="mtv">{{cite web |author=Hall |first=Rashaun |date=2004-10-07 |title=Lloyd Banks, Eminem Help Kwame Set The Polka Dots 'On Fire' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1492009/20041007/story.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205145029/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1492009/20041007/story.jhtml |archive-date=2005-02-05 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=[[MTV.com]]}}</ref>

[[Kwamé]] sparked a brief trend of [[polka-dot]] clothing.{{Cn|date=January 2022}}

In 1984, [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] collaborated with [[Michael Jordan]] to create the well-known basketball shoes, the Air Jordans. Even though the price point ranged from US$100 (which was considered a high price point then), it did not stop people from lining up for hours just to get their hands on a pair of these shoes. To date, Air Jordans are still widely worn by basketball players, and with Nike releasing retro versions from time to time, which sell out globally within minutes of the release date.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.leaf.tv/articles/how-has-hip-hop-influenced-fashion/|title=How Has Hip Hop Influenced Fashion?|work=LEAFtv|access-date=2018-04-21}}</ref> Adidas had a large role in [[Sneaker collecting|sneaker culture]], helped by [[Run-DMC]] when the group's single "[[My Adidas]]" released in 1986.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/video/run-d-m-c-s-adidas-birth-hip-hop-sneaker-culture|title=Run-D.M.C.'s 'My Adidas' and the Birth of Hip Hop Sneaker Culture|date=2014-07-18|work=The Business of Fashion|access-date=2017-12-06|language=en-GB}}</ref> Other clothing brands such as Reebok, Kangol, Fila, Champion, Carhartt, and Timberland were closely associated with the hip hop scene, particularly on the East coast with hip hop acts such as the [[Wu-Tang Clan]] and [[Gang Starr]] sporting the look.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

Gangsta rap pioneers [[N.W.A]] popularized an early form of street style in the late 1980s from the African American gangs and hustler cliques who were there mimicking cholo fashion. This included khaki [[Dickies]] work pants, white T-shirts, Locs sunglasses, [[Air Jordan]] or Nike Cortez sneakers, with black Los Angeles [[Las Vegas Raiders|Raiders]] or [[Los Angeles Kings|Kings]] snapback hats and [[Starter (clothing line)|Starter]] jackets. These jackets were also a popular trend in their own right in the late 1980s and early 1990s. They became something of a status symbol, with incidents of robberies of the jackets reported in the media.{{Cn|date=May 2023}}

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=== Mid 1990s to late 2000s ===

[[File:Das EFX-mika-06.jpg|thumb|right|[[Das EFX]]]]

==== Fashion among "hip hop" elites ====

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[[File:Slim Thug wearing a do-rag.jpg|thumb|200px|Rapper [[Slim Thug]] wearing a [[do-rag]]]]

[[Tommy Hilfiger]] was one of the most prominent brands in 1990s sportswear, though [[Polo Ralph Lauren]], [[Calvin Klein]], [[Nautica (clothing company)|Nautica]], and [[DKNY]] were also popular.<ref name="vibe282">Wilbekin, p. 282.</ref> [[Snoop Dogg]] wore a striped Hilfiger rugby shirt during an appearance on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', and it sold out of New York City stores the next day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://massappeal.com/snoop-dogg-saturday-night-live-dailyop/|title=Remember When Snoop Dogg Did 'SNL' Doggy Style?|date=2017-05-08|work=Mass Appeal|access-date=2018-04-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Furthermore, Tommy Hilfiger tube tops were also a big hit within the hip-hop community. It was considered a "must-have" piece for every girl influenced by this music genre. Artists like TLC, the late Aaliyah and so on were commonly seen in events dressed in it.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/tanyachen/important-90s-hip-hop-fashion-trends-you-might-have-forgo|title=15 Important '90s Hip-Hop Fashion Trends You Might Have Forgotten|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=2018-04-21|language=en}}</ref> Hilfiger's popularity was due to its perceived [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|waspiness]], which made it seem exclusive and aspirational.<ref name="vibe282"/> Hilfiger courted the new hip hop market: black models featured prominently in the company's advertising campaigns, and rappers like [[Sean Combs|Puffy]] and [[Coolio]] walked during its runways shows.<ref name="vibe282"/> As of late, Tommy Hilfiger launched People's Place, a program designed to amplify the brand’sbrand's efforts and dedication to increasing opportunities in fashion for underrepresented communities.

[[Karl Kani]] was another influential designer who merged hip hop with fashion.<ref>[http://www.karlkani.com Karl Kani]</ref>

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With the advent of the jewelry culture, the turn-of-the-century-established luxury brands made inroads into the hip hop market, with brands like [[Gucci]], [[Louis Vuitton]] and 212 Diamond City making appearances in hip hop videos and films.

=== Modern (2000s–2010s2000s–2020s) ===

{{Original research|section|date=January 2010}}

Hip-hop fashion from the 1980s to 2011 has undergone numerous changes, with new trends emerging and old trends resurfacing. Some of the most popular styles during this period include snapbacks, sportswear, basketball and skateboarding shoes, hoodies, piercings in one or both ears, leather jackets, sleeveless shirts, polo shirts, baggy pants, bikini tops, crop tops, tube tops, tank tops, factory tracksuits, and cropped T-shirts. These items of clothing have become iconic in hip-hop culture, with many artists and fans incorporating them into their personal style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackelford |first=Caroline |date=2022-02-25 |title=The Evolution of Hip-Hop Fashion: Origins to Now |url=https://hespokestyle.com/hip-hop-fashion/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=He Spoke Style |language=en-US}}</ref>▼

==== Streetwear ====

[[File:Kanye West At the Big Chill 2011.jpg|thumb|Kanye West wearing [[drop crotch pants]]]]

In the 1990s and beyond, many hip hop artists and executives started their own fashion labels and clothing lines.<ref>Wilbekin, p. 283.</ref> Notable examples include [[Wu-Tang Clan]] ([[Wu-Wear]]), [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]] ([[Billionaire Boys Club (clothing retailer)|Billionaire Boys Club/Ice Cream]]), [[Nelly]] ([[Vokal europe|Vokal]] and [[Apple Bottom Jeans]]), [[Russell Simmons]] ([[Phat Farm]]), [[Kimora Lee Simmons]] ([[Baby Phat]]), [[Sean Combs|Diddy]] ([[Sean John]] and [[Enyce]]), [[Clifford Harris|T.I.]] ([[A.K.O.O Clothing|AKOO]]), [[Damon Dash]] and [[Jay-Z]] ([[Rocawear]]), [[50 Cent]] ([[G-Unit]] Clothing), [[Eminem]] ([[Shady Records|Shady Limited]]), [[2Pac]] (Makaveli Branded), [[OutKast]] (OutKast Clothing), [[Lil Wayne]] (Trukfit), [[Young Thug]] (Sp5der), and [[Kanye West]] (Yeezy).

Up-and-coming urban clothing lines have dominated the fashion in the hip hop genre. Skinny jeans also came into style in part due to New Boyz' jerk dance from the song "[[You're a Jerk]]".{{cn|date=November 2021}}

The resurgence of Adidas track jackets and the incorporation of fashion scarves are some of the latest trends to emerge in hip hop fashion. While Adidas tracksuits have been a part of hip hop culture since the commercialization of the genre, they have recently regained popularity.{{cn|date=November 2021}}▼

Skateboarding fashion has been used in the hip hop scene since the early 2010s, including knit caps, bonnets, fitted pants or shorts, [[Vans]], [[Nike SB]] (skateboarding), shirts with sleeves and printed Tees (brands like OBEY, Supreme, Stussy, Adidas, Supra, Circa, [[DC Shoes|DC]], RDS and Emericas). [[Chris Brown (American singer)|Chris Brown]], [[Tyler, Thethe Creator]] and Lil Wayne wear these in their music videos and concerts.{{cn|date=November 2021}}▼

The rebirth of the 1990s [[snapback (hat)|snapback caps]] is the most notable sign of the new school throwback image. The "new" snapback hype started around mid-2010. Around late 2010 and early 2011, the "new" snapback movement exploded. [[Starter Clothing Line]] manufactured the most sought-after snapbacks in the 1990s, and made its return as the hype for the hats grew. Many other well-known hat companies started to sell snapbacks, such as [[New Era Cap Company|New Era]], [[Mitchell & Ness]], [[Reebok]], and [[Adidas]]. Many notable artists are credited with the comeback of snapbacks by sporting gear from a company named Ti$A VI$ION. Chris Brown, [[Tyga]], and [[Big Sean]] were among the early supporters of this company since 2010. Many urban fashionistas credit [[Mac Miller]], a well-known [[YouTube]] MC, with starting the hype with the release of his song entitled "Snap Back", from the mixtape ''The Jukebox: Prelude to Class Clown'', released in June 2009. There is controversy as to who started the "new" snapback trend.{{cn|date=November 2021}}▼

Skater culture is also prominent in the Hip-Hop scene. The boost in its popularity is largely attributed to [[alternative hip hop|alternative]] rapper and leader of the musical group [[Odd Future]], [[Tyler, The Creator]]. Brands like Obey, Supreme, Thrasher, and Tyler, Thethe Creator's merchandise line, [[Golf Wang]] have also boosted the significance of skater fashion in Hip-Hop.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=2019-11-28 |title=Heartache in golf shoes: how Odd Future brought fresh energy to rap |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/28/odd-future-tyler-creator-frank-ocean-decade-in-music |access-date=2023-05-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>▼

==== Designer clothing ====

The hip hop fashion trends of the 2000s were all over the place and changed constantly, starting with the baller-type image. Michael Jordan's cover on ''Sports Illustrated'' was significant in hip-hop fashion because he was able to influence millions of people into the direction of baggy shorts, baggy tops, and gold chains. There have been other celebrity influences among fashion trends, with most of these influences coming from hip hop artists. Gucci and Louis Vuitton became extremely popular among the hip hop/urban community from the use of the words, "Gucci" and "Louis" in lyrics and music videos.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

During this time period, many fashion trends from the 1980s and early 1990s experienced a resurgence in popularity. For example, door knocker earrings and form-fitting jeans for men came back into style. Cartoon graphic print hoodies by [[A Bathing Ape|Bathing Ape]], as popularized by artist and producer Pharrell, also gained popularity. Women continued to wear high heels in various forms, and new shoe styles emerged, such as the open-toed boot.<ref>{{cite web |author=Claire |url=http://fashionbombdaily.com/2009/12/30/take-it-or-leave-it-top-fashion-trends-of-2009/ |title=Take it or Leave It? Top Fashion Trends of 2009 |work=Fashion Bomb Daily Style Magazine |date=2009-12-30 |access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref>

Around 2012, fashion in hip hop saw a shift towards modern "high" streetwear and haute couture brands popularized by online fashion forums such as Superfuture and Styleforum. Brands such as [[Rick Owens]], [[Raf Simons]], and [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Saint Laurent Paris]] are now featured prominently in the lyrics and wardrobes of rappers such as [[A$AP Rocky]], [[Travis Scott]], and [[Kanye West]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Gregory |last=Babcock |urlfirst=Gregory |date=http://www.complex.com/style/2015/-09/90s-rapper-fashion-trends-versus-2015/fitted-not-baggy28 |title=Fitted Is Better than Baggy - '90s Hip-Hop Fashion Trends vs. Today's Trends |publisher=Complex |dateurl=http://www.complex.com/style/2015-/09/90s-28rapper-fashion-trends-versus-2015/fitted-not-baggy |access-date=2017-08-11 |publisher=Complex}}</ref>▼

In recent years, the hip hop world has seen a resurgence of old fads as well as the emergence of new ones. The last few years of the first decade of the new millennia gave rise to the popularity of tattoos covering artists from head to toe. [[Soulja Boy]], [[Wiz Khalifa]], [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Tyga]] have set the trend of being completely "tatted up."<ref>[http://www.xxlmag.com/features/2009/12/ink-heads-hip hop%E2%80%99s-most-off-the-dome-tattoo-addicts/ "Ink Heads, Hip-Hop's Most Off the Dome Tattoo Addicts"] xxlmag.com, December 1, 2009. Date accessed: May 9, 2011</ref> [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] now sports a star tattoo on the crown of his head, [[Gucci Mane]] has an ice cream tattoo on his right cheek, and Lil Wayne has tattoos on his eyelids and forehead.<ref>[http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/02/23/lil-wayne-gucci-mane-and-game-a-journey-into-face-tattoos/ "Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane And Game: A Journey Into Face Tattoos"] rapflix.mtv.com, February 23, 2011. Date Accessed: May 9, 2011</ref>▼

[[File:Lil Wayne Feb. 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Lil Wayne]] and his numerous [[face tattoos]]]]

==== Tattoos ====

▲In recent years, the hip hop world has seen a resurgence of old fads as well as the emergence of new ones. The last few years of the first decade of the new millennia gave rise to the popularity of tattoos covering artists from head to toe. [[Soulja Boy]], [[Wiz Khalifa]], [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Tyga]] have set the trend of being completely "tatted up."<ref>[http://www.xxlmag.com/features/2009/12/ink-heads-hip hop%E2%80%99s-most-off-the-dome-tattoo-addicts/ "Ink Heads, Hip-Hop's Most Off the Dome Tattoo Addicts"] xxlmag.com, December 1, 2009. Date accessed: May 9, 2011</ref> [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] now sports a star tattoo on the crown of his head, [[Gucci Mane]] has an ice cream tattoo on his right cheek, and Lil Wayne has tattoos on his eyelids and forehead.<ref>[http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/02/23/lil-wayne-gucci-mane-and-game-a-journey-into-face-tattoos/ "Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane And Game: A Journey Into Face Tattoos"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524060803/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/02/23/lil-wayne-gucci-mane-and-game-a-journey-into-face-tattoos/ |date=2015-05-24 }} rapflix.mtv.com, February 23, 2011. Date Accessed: May 9, 2011</ref>

==== Women's hair ====

When discussing fashion trends, one cannot overlook the significance of hairstyles, particularly for women. In recent years, there has been a revival of the asymmetrical haircut with a modern twist. Celebrities like [[Rihanna]], [[Cassie Ventura|Cassie]], and [[Kelis]] have all helped popularize the trend of the half-shaven head.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181227234238/https://www.fashionorpassion.com/who-is-rihanna/ "Rihanna's shaved head for 'Italian Vogue{{'"}}]. s2smagazine.com, July 7, 2009. Date Accessed: May 10, 2011.</ref>

==== Face coverings ====

▲The resurgence of Adidas track jackets and the incorporation of fashion scarves are some of the latest trends to emerge in hip hop fashion. While Adidas tracksuits have been a part of hip hop culture since the commercialization of the genre, they have recently regained popularity.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

Fashion scarves have also gained popularity in recent years. Kanye West is one of the latest artists to launch his own line of products, selling decorative scarves with provocative depictions under the name Risque Scarves.<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150184221838959 "Kanye West's Risque Scarf Line Coming Up"]. sojones.com, May 9, 2011. Date Accessed: May 10, 2011</ref> In the 2020's, balaclavas (known as "shiesty masks") have become popular. The rapper [[Yeat]] has also popularized wearing distressed balaclavas and scarves tied as turbans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aufiero |first=Dana |date=2023-03-09 |title=Yeat transitions to the ‘AftërLyfe’ on experimental third studio album |url=https://ourgenerationmusic.com/reviews/yeat-afterlyfe-review/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Our Generation Music |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Contributor |first=Adam Delahoussaye |date=2023-02-27 |title=‘Aftërlyfe’ review: The wide world of Yeat |url=https://www.utdailybeacon.com/arts_and_culture/music/aft-rlyfe-review-the-wide-world-of-yeat/article_0620f0c2-b6cb-11ed-837b-c335bacc705d.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Daily Beacon |language=en}}</ref>

==== Overlap with punk fashion ====

Fashion scarves have also gained popularity in recent years. Kanye West is one of the latest artists to launch his own line of products, selling decorative scarves with provocative depictions under the name Risque Scarves.<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150184221838959 "Kanye West's Risque Scarf Line Coming Up"]. sojones.com, May 9, 2011. Date Accessed: May 10, 2011</ref>

Around 2019, a fashion trend emerged coined as the "Opium" aesthetic, named after [[Opium (label)|Playboi Carti's record label]]. The label includes [[Ken Carson]], [[Destroy Lonely]], and Homixide Gang, although related acts such as "Burberry Erry" (Erik Artega), "F1lthy, and "[[Ojivolta|Oji]]" are also notable contributors to the punk-like aesthetic. The aesthetic and fashion trend focuses around dark monochrome, usually black clothing, [[Gothic architecture|Gothic structures]], and high streetwear and avant-garde brands such as [[Balenciaga]], [[Rick Owens]], [[Vetements]], [[1017 Alyx 9SM|Alyx]], [[Jun Takahashi|Undercover]], and [[Chrome Hearts]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-04 |title=Trippie Redd, Travis Scott, Kid Cudi, and the Commodification of Rage in Rap |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/trippie-redd-travis-scott-kid-cudi-commodification-of-rage-in-rap/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref>▼

==== Glasses ====

▲Skateboarding fashion has been used in the hip hop scene since the early 2010s, including knit caps, bonnets, fitted pants or shorts, [[Vans]], [[Nike SB]] (skateboarding), shirts with sleeves and printed Tees (brands like OBEY, Supreme, Stussy, Adidas, Supra, Circa, [[DC Shoes|DC]], RDS and Emericas). [[Chris Brown (American singer)|Chris Brown]], [[Tyler The Creator]] and Lil Wayne wear these in their music videos and concerts.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

[[File:Babytron performing at the Knitting Factory in NY on April 19th 2022.png|thumb|Rapper [[BabyTron]] wearing a pair of Cartier glasses while performing. Note the white buffalo horn temples.]]

In the mid 2010's to 2020's, luxury glasses made by French brand [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]] have surged in popularity, especially in the Michigan rap scene, but also outside of it. According to Detroit jeweler Tony Bahu, "It started back in the 80s. They started making the main Cartier glasses in 1983, and Detroit came on the scene right away. It was a lot of Detroit auto money."<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The Significance of Cartier Glasses Worn By University of Michigan Wolverines |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/01/08/1223567715/the-significance-of-the-cartier-glasses-worn-by-the-university-of-michigan-wolve |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref> Certain Cartier glasses (colloquially, "buffs", "yays", or "white sticks") have been famous for having temples made out of [[Ivory|buffalo horn]] and are widely considered as a status symbol because of their price.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Terell |date=2024-02-28 |title=Cartier sunglasses: The role on Detroit's culture and city - CBS Detroit |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/cartier-sunglasses-detroit-culture/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Cartier also makes glasses with temples out of metal (gold or silver) or wood, which are called "wires" and "woods", respectively. In 2020, Detroit rapper [[Gmac Cash]] attempted to gift a pair of Cartiers to the [[Governor of Michigan]], [[Gretchen Whitmer]], but she denied the offer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeVito |first=Lee |title=Gov. Whitmer turns down Detroit rapper's gift of Cartier Buffs, money will instead go to charity |url=https://www.metrotimes.com/arts/gov-whitmer-turns-down-detroit-rappers-gift-of-cartier-buffs-money-will-instead-go-to-charity-24482935 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Detroit Metro Times |language=en}}</ref> Rappers such as [[Quavo]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nast |first=Condé |title=10 Things Quavo Can't Live Without |url=https://www.gq.com/video/watch/10-essentials-gq-10-essentials-quavo |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Big Sean]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Faith Janet |title=Kash Doll gave Big Sean a pair of Cartier sunglasses |url=https://www.metrotimes.com/music/kash-doll-gave-big-sean-a-pair-of-cartier-sunglasses-21991242 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Detroit Metro Times |language=en}}</ref> and [[Icewear Vezzo]]<ref name=":3" /> are known for their expensive Cartier sunglasses. The hinges and bridges of designer glasses are also typically "iced" with diamonds, which is part of hip-hop [[Bling-bling|bling]]. Sports players in the [[Detroit Pistons]] and [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan Wolverines]] have also worn Cartier glasses.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

As a negative part of the trend, multiple robberies have occurred in [[Detroit]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-15 |title=Suspect steals victim's Cartier sunglasses at gunpoint at Detroit gas station |url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/suspect-steals-victims-cartier-sunglasses-at-gunpoint-at-detroit-gas-station |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX 2 Detroit |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Tom |title=2 charged in armed robbery of Cartier sunglasses |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2015/01/13/charged-armed-robbery-cartier-sunglasses/21682891/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Man shot, robbed of Cartier glasses in northwest DC |url=https://www.fox5dc.com/news/man-shot-robbed-of-cartier-glasses-in-northwest-dc |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX 5 DC |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Smash-and-grab thieves steal $140K worth of designer sunglasses at the Wharf |url=https://www.fox5dc.com/news/thieves-steal-81-glasses-worth-over-140k-from-georgetown-optician-at-the-wharf |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX 5 DC |language=en-US}}</ref> that were motivated by Cartier glasses.

▲The rebirth of the 1990s [[snapback (hat)|snapback caps]] is the most notable sign of the new school throwback image. The "new" snapback hype started around mid-2010. Around late 2010 and early 2011, the "new" snapback movement exploded. [[Starter Clothing Line]] manufactured the most sought-after snapbacks in the 1990s, and made its return as the hype for the hats grew. Many other well-known hat companies started to sell snapbacks, such as [[New Era Cap Company|New Era]], [[Mitchell & Ness]], [[Reebok]], and [[Adidas]]. Many notable artists are credited with the comeback of snapbacks by sporting gear from a company named Ti$A VI$ION. Chris Brown, [[Tyga]], and [[Big Sean]] were among the early supporters of this company since 2010. Many urban fashionistas credit [[Mac Miller]], a well-known [[YouTube]] MC, with starting the hype with the release of his song entitled "Snap Back", from the mixtape ''The Jukebox: Prelude to Class Clown'', released in June 2009. There is controversy as to who started the "new" snapback trend.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

Glasses made by Gucci, Balenciaga, Dior, Louis Vuitton, and Prada have also gained popularity.

▲Hip-hop fashion from the 1980s to 2011 has undergone numerous changes, with new trends emerging and old trends resurfacing. Some of the most popular styles during this period include snapbacks, sportswear, basketball and skateboarding shoes, hoodies, piercings in one or both ears, leather jackets, sleeveless shirts, polo shirts, baggy pants, bikini tops, crop tops, tube tops, tank tops, factory tracksuits, and cropped T-shirts. These items of clothing have become iconic in hip-hop culture, with many artists and fans incorporating them into their personal style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackelford |first=Caroline |date=2022-02-25 |title=The Evolution of Hip-Hop Fashion: Origins to Now |url=https://hespokestyle.com/hip-hop-fashion/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=He Spoke Style |language=en-US}}</ref>

The rapper [[Kanye West]] has also frequently worn [[shutter shades]] in the 2000's and 2010's, partially for their [[Camp (style)|camp]] value, and shutter shades have become synonymous with Kanye West.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nika |first=Colleen |date=2011-08-11 |title=A Look At Kanye West's Style Evolution |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/view-from-the-throne-a-look-at-kanye-wests-style-evolution-107104/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref>

▲Around 2012, fashion in hip hop saw a shift towards modern "high" streetwear and haute couture brands popularized by online fashion forums such as Superfuture and Styleforum. Brands such as [[Rick Owens]], [[Raf Simons]], and [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Saint Laurent Paris]] are now featured prominently in the lyrics and wardrobes of rappers such as [[A$AP Rocky]], [[Travis Scott]], and [[Kanye West]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Gregory |last=Babcock |url=http://www.complex.com/style/2015/09/90s-rapper-fashion-trends-versus-2015/fitted-not-baggy |title=Fitted Is Better than Baggy - '90s Hip-Hop Fashion Trends vs. Today's Trends |publisher=Complex |date=2015-09-28 |access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref>

▲Skater culture is also prominent in the Hip-Hop scene. The boost in its popularity is largely attributed to [[alternative hip hop|alternative]] rapper and leader of the musical group [[Odd Future]], [[Tyler, The Creator]]. Brands like Obey, Supreme, Thrasher, and Tyler, The Creator's merchandise line, [[Golf Wang]] have also boosted the significance of skater fashion in Hip-Hop.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=2019-11-28 |title=Heartache in golf shoes: how Odd Future brought fresh energy to rap |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/28/odd-future-tyler-creator-frank-ocean-decade-in-music |access-date=2023-05-20 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

▲Around 2019, a fashion trend emerged coined as the "Opium" aesthetic, named after [[Opium (label)|Playboi Carti's record label]]. The label includes [[Ken Carson]], [[Destroy Lonely]], and Homixide Gang, although related acts such as "Burberry Erry" (Erik Artega), "F1lthy, and "[[Ojivolta|Oji]]" are also notable contributors to the punk-like aesthetic. The aesthetic and fashion trend focuses around dark monochrome, usually black clothing, [[Gothic architecture|Gothic structures]], and high streetwear and avant-garde brands such as [[Balenciaga]], [[Rick Owens]], [[Vetements]], [[1017 Alyx 9SM|Alyx]], [[Jun Takahashi|Undercover]], and [[Chrome Hearts]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-04 |title=Trippie Redd, Travis Scott, Kid Cudi, and the Commodification of Rage in Rap |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/trippie-redd-travis-scott-kid-cudi-commodification-of-rage-in-rap/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref>

== Influence ==

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As referenced above, the nineties centered around women's senses of style revolving around that of men, in that they adopted the use of oversized T-shirts and baggy pants. Also listed above are [[Aaliyah]], [[TLC (band)|TLC]], and [[Da Brat|Da' Brat]] as conformists to that trend. Female rap group [[Salt-n-Pepa|Salt-N-Pepa]] are considered amongst the frontrunners in leading the transition of moving away from the male alignment and asserting feminism in creating a new sense of dress. They are said to have "wowed fans while wearing hot pants, cut-off denim shorts and Lycra body suits".<ref>{{cite book|last=Hook|first=Sue Vander|title=Hip-Hop Fashion|year=2010|publisher=Capstone Press|location=Mankato, Minn.|isbn=978-1-4296-4017-6}}</ref>

"Black women's relationships to their bodies occur within overlapping cultural contexts that offer contradictory messages about their value and function".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lovejoy|first=Meg|title=Disturbances in the Social Body: Differences in Body Image and Eating Problems among African American and White Women|journal=Gender and Society|date=April 2001|volume=15|issue=2|jstor=3081846|pages=239–261|doi=10.1177/089124301015002005|s2cid=145254943}}</ref> In a male dominated society, it is no wonder that women used to work hard to align themselves with male images including how they'd dressed. As women generally gained access to and exposure within the offerings of several sectors of society, for example music, movies and television, we saw more images of what constituted attractiveness emerge. Following this came the perception of freedom to express oneself through several avenues including apparel. Rappers [[Lil' Kim]] and [[Eve (entertainer)|Eve]] are known for resorting to trends surrounding being scantily clad with provocative tattoos and being perceived as attractive in the process. Not all female rappers, or female artists in general have resorted to these methods within their careers. "...the recent appearance of Black women performers, songwriters, and producers in Black popular culture has called attention to the ways in which young Black women use popular culture to negotiate social existence and attempt to express independence, self-reliance, and agency".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Emerson |first=Rana |title="Where My Girls At?": Negotiating Black Womanhood in Music Videos |journal=Gender and Society |date=February 2002 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=115–135 |jstor=3081879 |doi=10.1177/0891243202016001007 |s2cid=35432829 |url=https://umdrive.memphis.edu/ajohnsn6/rhetoric%20of%20hip%20hop/where%20my%20girls%20at.pdf |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-date=2012-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422105430/https://umdrive.memphis.edu/ajohnsn6/rhetoric%20of%20hip%20hop/where%20my%20girls%20at.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===LGBT community and gender variance===

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Hip hop has had a history of homophobia, only recently becoming more accepting of the [[LGBT community]]. Lyrics that openly use derogatory words such as "fag" or "dyke" have saturated the market, even being found in conscious rap, considered the most progressive section of hip hop. Marc Lamont Hill argues, "the progressive agendas of political rap artists such as Public Enemy, X-Clan, Paris, and Sista Souljah were strongly informed by radical Afrocentric, Black Islamic, and crude Black Nationalist ideologies that were openly hostile to queer identities".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hill|first=Marc Lamont|date=2009-01-30|title=Scared Straight: Hip-Hop, Outing, and the Pedagogy of Queerness|journal=Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies|volume=31|issue=1|pages=29–54|doi=10.1080/10714410802629235|s2cid=145555758|issn=1071-4413}}</ref>

The hip hop genre has been traditionally viewed as a predominantly hyper-masculine community, with female artists adopting traits traditionally associated with men. Female groups and individual artists such as [[Young M.A]]., [[The Conscious Daughters|Conscious Daughters]], orand [[Aaliyah]] have often dressed in clothing typically considered masculine, wearing baggy clothes toand shiftother thetraditionally focusmasculine away from their bodies and onto theirclothing musicitems.

However, men have also begun to explore reversing gender roles through their fashion choices. Artists like [[Kid Cudi]], Lil Wayne, A$AP Rocky, Kanye West, [[Young Thug]], and other self-identified straight men have made headlines for their androgynous dress. And while this style may seem new, it is not exclusive to recent times - even the early years of hip hop saw legends dressed in the disco styles of the era.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hiphopdx.com/editorials/id.2063/title.dressing-the-part-hip-hop-high-fashion-gender-roles|title=Dressing The Part: hip hop, High Fashion & Gender Roles|newspaper=HipHopDX|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>

Rappers like [[Lil Uzi Vert]] and [[Lil B]] have also challenged norms by redefining fashion in hip-hop. Their bold choices, from Uzi's avant-garde streetwear to Lil B's eclectic and gender-fluid styles, sparked conversations about self-expression and identity. Through their attire, they broke down stereotypes and embraced individuality, inspiring a new generation to embrace diversity in fashion. <ref>{{cite web |last1=yalcinkaya |first1=Gunseli |title=Lil B talks feminism, fashion and Frank Ocean |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/32481/1/lil-b-talks-feminism-fashion-and-frank-ocean |website=Dazed.com |publisher=dazed |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref>

== Notes ==▼

{{reflist|30em}}▼

▲== NotesSee also ==

* [[Fresh Dressed]]

== References ==

▲{{reflist|30em}}

===Book sources===

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book|last=Keyes|first=Cheryl L.|title=Rap Music and Street Consciousness|year=2004|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana|isbn=978-0-252-07201-7|url=https://archive.org/details/rapmusicstreetco0000keye|url-access=registration|edition=1st}}

* {{cite book|last=Wilbekin|first=Emil|chapter=Great Aspirations: hip hop and Fashion Dress for Excess and Success|title=The Vibe History of hip hop|year=1999|publisher=Three Rivers Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-609-80503-9|edition=1st|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/vibehistoryofhip00ligh}}

{{refend}}

== Further reading ==

*{{cite book|first=Sowmya|last=Krishnamurthy|title=Fashion Killa: How Hip-Hop Revolutionized High Fashion|year=2023|publisher=Gallery Books|isbn=978-1-9821-7632-7}}

{{Fashion}}

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[[Category:African-American culture]]

[[Category:American fashion]]

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