Hip hop fashion: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|Various styles of dress that originated in the United States}}

~~{{Multiple issues|~~

~~{{tone|date=April 2019}}~~

~~{{more citations needed|date=April 2009}}~~

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[[File:Snoop Dogg @ Døgnvill 2009 07.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Rapper [[Snoop Dogg]] back in 2009 show overalls]]

'''Hip-hop fashion''' (also known as '''rap fashion''') refers to the various styles of [[clothing|dress]] that originated from Urban [[African Americans|Black America]] and inner city youth in cities like [[New York City]], [[Atlanta]], and [[Los Angeles]]. Being a major part of [[hip hop (culture)|hip hop culture]], it further developed in other cities across the United States,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fashionbeans.com/article/hip-hop-style/|title=The Complete Story Of How Hip-Hop Changed The Way We Dress|website=FashionBeans|language=en-UK|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref> with each contributing different elements to the overall style that is now recognized worldwide.

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With the advent of the jewelry culture, the turn-of-the-century-established luxury brands made inroads into the hip hop market, with brands like [[Gucci]], [[Louis Vuitton]] and 212 Diamond City making appearances in hip hop videos and films.

=== Modern (~~2000s–2010s~~2000s–2020s) ===

Hip-hop fashion from the 1980s to 2011 has undergone numerous changes, with new trends emerging and old trends resurfacing. Some of the most popular styles during this period include snapbacks, sportswear, basketball and skateboarding shoes, hoodies, piercings in one or both ears, leather jackets, sleeveless shirts, polo shirts, baggy pants, bikini tops, crop tops, tube tops, tank tops, factory tracksuits, and cropped T-shirts. These items of clothing have become iconic in hip-hop culture, with many artists and fans incorporating them into their personal style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackelford |first=Caroline |date=2022-02-25 |title=The Evolution of Hip-Hop Fashion: Origins to Now |url=https://hespokestyle.com/hip-hop-fashion/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=He Spoke Style |language=en-US}}</ref>▼

==== Streetwear ====

[[File:Kanye West At the Big Chill 2011.jpg|thumb|Kanye West wearing [[drop crotch pants]]]]

In the 1990s and beyond, many hip hop artists and executives started their own fashion labels and clothing lines.<ref>Wilbekin, p. 283.</ref> Notable examples include [[Wu-Tang Clan]] ([[Wu-Wear]]), [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]] ([[Billionaire Boys Club (clothing retailer)|Billionaire Boys Club/Ice Cream]]), [[Nelly]] ([[Vokal europe|Vokal]] and [[Apple Bottom Jeans]]), [[Russell Simmons]] ([[Phat Farm]]), [[Kimora Lee Simmons]] ([[Baby Phat]]), [[Sean Combs|Diddy]] ([[Sean John]] and [[Enyce]]), [[Clifford Harris|T.I.]] ([[A.K.O.O Clothing|AKOO]]), [[Damon Dash]] and [[Jay-Z]] ([[Rocawear]]), [[50 Cent]] ([[G-Unit]] Clothing), [[Eminem]] ([[Shady Records|Shady Limited]]), [[2Pac]] (Makaveli Branded), [[OutKast]] (OutKast Clothing), [[Lil Wayne]] (Trukfit), [[Young Thug]] (Sp5der), and [[Kanye West]] (Yeezy).

Up-and-coming urban clothing lines have dominated the fashion in the hip hop genre. Skinny jeans also came into style in part due to New Boyz' jerk dance from the song "[[You're a Jerk]]".{{cn|date=November 2021}}

The resurgence of Adidas track jackets and the incorporation of fashion scarves are some of the latest trends to emerge in hip hop fashion. While Adidas tracksuits have been a part of hip hop culture since the commercialization of the genre, they have recently regained popularity.{{cn|date=November 2021}}▼

Skateboarding fashion has been used in the hip hop scene since the early 2010s, including knit caps, bonnets, fitted pants or shorts, [[Vans]], [[Nike SB]] (skateboarding), shirts with sleeves and printed Tees (brands like OBEY, Supreme, Stussy, Adidas, Supra, Circa, [[DC Shoes|DC]], RDS and Emericas). [[Chris Brown (American singer)|Chris Brown]], [[Tyler, the Creator]] and Lil Wayne wear these in their music videos and concerts.{{cn|date=November 2021}}▼

The rebirth of the 1990s [[snapback (hat)|snapback caps]] is the most notable sign of the new school throwback image. The "new" snapback hype started around mid-2010. Around late 2010 and early 2011, the "new" snapback movement exploded. [[Starter Clothing Line]] manufactured the most sought-after snapbacks in the 1990s, and made its return as the hype for the hats grew. Many other well-known hat companies started to sell snapbacks, such as [[New Era Cap Company|New Era]], [[Mitchell & Ness]], [[Reebok]], and [[Adidas]]. Many notable artists are credited with the comeback of snapbacks by sporting gear from a company named Ti$A VI$ION. Chris Brown, [[Tyga]], and [[Big Sean]] were among the early supporters of this company since 2010. Many urban fashionistas credit [[Mac Miller]], a well-known [[YouTube]] MC, with starting the hype with the release of his song entitled "Snap Back", from the mixtape ''The Jukebox: Prelude to Class Clown'', released in June 2009. There is controversy as to who started the "new" snapback trend.{{cn|date=November 2021}}▼

Skater culture is also prominent in the Hip-Hop scene. The boost in its popularity is largely attributed to [[alternative hip hop|alternative]] rapper and leader of the musical group [[Odd Future]], [[Tyler, The Creator]]. Brands like Obey, Supreme, Thrasher, and Tyler, the Creator's merchandise line, [[Golf Wang]] have also boosted the significance of skater fashion in Hip-Hop.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=2019-11-28 |title=Heartache in golf shoes: how Odd Future brought fresh energy to rap ~~|language=en-GB |work=The Guardian~~ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/28/odd-future-tyler-creator-frank-ocean-decade-in-music |access-date=2023-05-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>▼

==== Designer clothing ====

The hip hop fashion trends of the 2000s were all over the place and changed constantly, starting with the baller-type image. Michael Jordan's cover on ''Sports Illustrated'' was significant in hip-hop fashion because he was able to influence millions of people into the direction of baggy shorts, baggy tops, and gold chains. There have been other celebrity influences among fashion trends, with most of these influences coming from hip hop artists. Gucci and Louis Vuitton became extremely popular among the hip hop/urban community from the use of the words, "Gucci" and "Louis" in lyrics and music videos.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

During this time period, many fashion trends from the 1980s and early 1990s experienced a resurgence in popularity. For example, door knocker earrings and form-fitting jeans for men came back into style. Cartoon graphic print hoodies by [[A Bathing Ape|Bathing Ape]], as popularized by artist and producer Pharrell, also gained popularity. Women continued to wear high heels in various forms, and new shoe styles emerged, such as the open-toed boot.<ref>{{cite web |author=Claire |url=http://fashionbombdaily.com/2009/12/30/take-it-or-leave-it-top-fashion-trends-of-2009/ |title=Take it or Leave It? Top Fashion Trends of 2009 |work=Fashion Bomb Daily Style Magazine |date=2009-12-30 |access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref>

Around 2012, fashion in hip hop saw a shift towards modern "high" streetwear and haute couture brands popularized by online fashion forums such as Superfuture and Styleforum. Brands such as [[Rick Owens]], [[Raf Simons]], and [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Saint Laurent Paris]] are now featured prominently in the lyrics and wardrobes of rappers such as [[A$AP Rocky]], [[Travis Scott]], and [[Kanye West]].<ref>{{cite web~~|first=Gregory~~ |last=Babcock |~~url~~first=Gregory |date=~~http://www.complex.com/style/~~2015/-09~~/90s~~-~~rapper-fashion-trends-versus-2015/fitted-not-baggy~~28 |title=Fitted Is Better than Baggy - '90s Hip-Hop Fashion Trends vs. Today's Trends |~~publisher=Complex |date~~url=http://www.complex.com/style/2015-/09/90s-28rapper-fashion-trends-versus-2015/fitted-not-baggy |access-date=2017-08-11 |publisher=Complex}}</ref>▼

[[File:Lil Wayne Feb. 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Lil Wayne]] and his numerous [[face tattoos]]]]

==== Tattoos ====

In recent years, the hip hop world has seen a resurgence of old fads as well as the emergence of new ones. The last few years of the first decade of the new millennia gave rise to the popularity of tattoos covering artists from head to toe. [[Soulja Boy]], [[Wiz Khalifa]], [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Tyga]] have set the trend of being completely "tatted up."<ref>[http://www.xxlmag.com/features/2009/12/ink-heads-hip hop%E2%80%99s-most-off-the-dome-tattoo-addicts/ "Ink Heads, Hip-Hop's Most Off the Dome Tattoo Addicts"] xxlmag.com, December 1, 2009. Date accessed: May 9, 2011</ref> [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] now sports a star tattoo on the crown of his head, [[Gucci Mane]] has an ice cream tattoo on his right cheek, and Lil Wayne has tattoos on his eyelids and forehead.<ref>[http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/02/23/lil-wayne-gucci-mane-and-game-a-journey-into-face-tattoos/ "Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane And Game: A Journey Into Face Tattoos"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524060803/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/02/23/lil-wayne-gucci-mane-and-game-a-journey-into-face-tattoos/ |date=2015-05-24 }} rapflix.mtv.com, February 23, 2011. Date Accessed: May 9, 2011</ref>

==== Women's hair ====

When discussing fashion trends, one cannot overlook the significance of hairstyles, particularly for women. In recent years, there has been a revival of the asymmetrical haircut with a modern twist. Celebrities like [[Rihanna]], [[Cassie Ventura|Cassie]], and [[Kelis]] have all helped popularize the trend of the half-shaven head.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181227234238/https://www.fashionorpassion.com/who-is-rihanna/ "Rihanna's shaved head for 'Italian Vogue{{'"}}]. s2smagazine.com, July 7, 2009. Date Accessed: May 10, 2011.</ref>

==== Face coverings ====

▲The resurgence of Adidas track jackets and the incorporation of fashion scarves are some of the latest trends to emerge in hip hop fashion. While Adidas tracksuits have been a part of hip hop culture since the commercialization of the genre, they have recently regained popularity.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

Fashion scarves have also gained popularity in recent years. Kanye West is one of the latest artists to launch his own line of products, selling decorative scarves with provocative depictions under the name Risque Scarves.<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150184221838959 "Kanye West's Risque Scarf Line Coming Up"]. sojones.com, May 9, 2011. Date Accessed: May 10, 2011</ref> In the 2020's, balaclavas (known as "shiesty masks") have become popular. The rapper [[Yeat]] has also popularized wearing distressed balaclavas and scarves tied as turbans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aufiero |first=Dana |date=2023-03-09 |title=Yeat transitions to the ‘AftërLyfe’ on experimental third studio album |url=https://ourgenerationmusic.com/reviews/yeat-afterlyfe-review/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Our Generation Music |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Contributor |first=Adam Delahoussaye |date=2023-02-27 |title=‘Aftërlyfe’ review: The wide world of Yeat |url=https://www.utdailybeacon.com/arts_and_culture/music/aft-rlyfe-review-the-wide-world-of-yeat/article_0620f0c2-b6cb-11ed-837b-c335bacc705d.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Daily Beacon |language=en}}</ref>

==== Overlap with punk fashion ====

Around 2019, a fashion trend emerged coined as the "Opium" aesthetic, named after [[Opium (label)|Playboi Carti's record label]]. The label includes [[Ken Carson]], [[Destroy Lonely]], and Homixide Gang, although related acts such as "Burberry Erry" (Erik Artega), "F1lthy, and "[[Ojivolta|Oji]]" are also notable contributors to the punk-like aesthetic. The aesthetic and fashion trend focuses around dark monochrome, usually black clothing, [[Gothic architecture|Gothic structures]], and high streetwear and avant-garde brands such as [[Balenciaga]], [[Rick Owens]], [[Vetements]], [[1017 Alyx 9SM|Alyx]], [[Jun Takahashi|Undercover]], and [[Chrome Hearts]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-04 |title=Trippie Redd, Travis Scott, Kid Cudi, and the Commodification of Rage in Rap |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/trippie-redd-travis-scott-kid-cudi-commodification-of-rage-in-rap/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref>▼

==== Glasses ====

▲Skateboarding fashion has been used in the hip hop scene since the early 2010s, including knit caps, bonnets, fitted pants or shorts, [[Vans]], [[Nike SB]] (skateboarding), shirts with sleeves and printed Tees (brands like OBEY, Supreme, Stussy, Adidas, Supra, Circa, [[DC Shoes|DC]], RDS and Emericas). [[Chris Brown (American singer)|Chris Brown]], [[Tyler, the Creator]] and Lil Wayne wear these in their music videos and concerts.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

[[File:Babytron performing at the Knitting Factory in NY on April 19th 2022.png|thumb|Rapper [[BabyTron]] wearing a pair of Cartier glasses while performing. Note the white buffalo horn temples.]]

In the mid 2010's to 2020's, luxury glasses made by French brand [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]] have surged in popularity, especially in the Michigan rap scene, but also outside of it. According to Detroit jeweler Tony Bahu, "It started back in the 80s. They started making the main Cartier glasses in 1983, and Detroit came on the scene right away. It was a lot of Detroit auto money."<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The Significance of Cartier Glasses Worn By University of Michigan Wolverines |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/01/08/1223567715/the-significance-of-the-cartier-glasses-worn-by-the-university-of-michigan-wolve |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref> Certain Cartier glasses (colloquially, "buffs", "yays", or "white sticks") have been famous for having temples made out of [[Ivory|buffalo horn]] and are widely considered as a status symbol because of their price.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Terell |date=2024-02-28 |title=Cartier sunglasses: The role on Detroit's culture and city - CBS Detroit |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/cartier-sunglasses-detroit-culture/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Cartier also makes glasses with temples out of metal (gold or silver) or wood, which are called "wires" and "woods", respectively. In 2020, Detroit rapper [[Gmac Cash]] attempted to gift a pair of Cartiers to the [[Governor of Michigan]], [[Gretchen Whitmer]], but she denied the offer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeVito |first=Lee |title=Gov. Whitmer turns down Detroit rapper's gift of Cartier Buffs, money will instead go to charity |url=https://www.metrotimes.com/arts/gov-whitmer-turns-down-detroit-rappers-gift-of-cartier-buffs-money-will-instead-go-to-charity-24482935 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Detroit Metro Times |language=en}}</ref> Rappers such as [[Quavo]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nast |first=Condé |title=10 Things Quavo Can't Live Without |url=https://www.gq.com/video/watch/10-essentials-gq-10-essentials-quavo |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Big Sean]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Faith Janet |title=Kash Doll gave Big Sean a pair of Cartier sunglasses |url=https://www.metrotimes.com/music/kash-doll-gave-big-sean-a-pair-of-cartier-sunglasses-21991242 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Detroit Metro Times |language=en}}</ref> and [[Icewear Vezzo]]<ref name=":3" /> are known for their expensive Cartier sunglasses. The hinges and bridges of designer glasses are also typically "iced" with diamonds, which is part of hip-hop [[Bling-bling|bling]]. Sports players in the [[Detroit Pistons]] and [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan Wolverines]] have also worn Cartier glasses.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

As a negative part of the trend, multiple robberies have occurred in [[Detroit]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-15 |title=Suspect steals victim's Cartier sunglasses at gunpoint at Detroit gas station |url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/suspect-steals-victims-cartier-sunglasses-at-gunpoint-at-detroit-gas-station |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX 2 Detroit |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Tom |title=2 charged in armed robbery of Cartier sunglasses |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2015/01/13/charged-armed-robbery-cartier-sunglasses/21682891/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Man shot, robbed of Cartier glasses in northwest DC |url=https://www.fox5dc.com/news/man-shot-robbed-of-cartier-glasses-in-northwest-dc |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX 5 DC |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Smash-and-grab thieves steal $140K worth of designer sunglasses at the Wharf |url=https://www.fox5dc.com/news/thieves-steal-81-glasses-worth-over-140k-from-georgetown-optician-at-the-wharf |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=FOX 5 DC |language=en-US}}</ref> that were motivated by Cartier glasses.

▲The rebirth of the 1990s [[snapback (hat)|snapback caps]] is the most notable sign of the new school throwback image. The "new" snapback hype started around mid-2010. Around late 2010 and early 2011, the "new" snapback movement exploded. [[Starter Clothing Line]] manufactured the most sought-after snapbacks in the 1990s, and made its return as the hype for the hats grew. Many other well-known hat companies started to sell snapbacks, such as [[New Era Cap Company|New Era]], [[Mitchell & Ness]], [[Reebok]], and [[Adidas]]. Many notable artists are credited with the comeback of snapbacks by sporting gear from a company named Ti$A VI$ION. Chris Brown, [[Tyga]], and [[Big Sean]] were among the early supporters of this company since 2010. Many urban fashionistas credit [[Mac Miller]], a well-known [[YouTube]] MC, with starting the hype with the release of his song entitled "Snap Back", from the mixtape ''The Jukebox: Prelude to Class Clown'', released in June 2009. There is controversy as to who started the "new" snapback trend.{{cn|date=November 2021}}

Glasses made by Gucci, Balenciaga, Dior, Louis Vuitton, and Prada have also gained popularity.

▲Hip-hop fashion from the 1980s to 2011 has undergone numerous changes, with new trends emerging and old trends resurfacing. Some of the most popular styles during this period include snapbacks, sportswear, basketball and skateboarding shoes, hoodies, piercings in one or both ears, leather jackets, sleeveless shirts, polo shirts, baggy pants, bikini tops, crop tops, tube tops, tank tops, factory tracksuits, and cropped T-shirts. These items of clothing have become iconic in hip-hop culture, with many artists and fans incorporating them into their personal style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackelford |first=Caroline |date=2022-02-25 |title=The Evolution of Hip-Hop Fashion: Origins to Now |url=https://hespokestyle.com/hip-hop-fashion/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=He Spoke Style |language=en-US}}</ref>

The rapper [[Kanye West]] has also frequently worn [[shutter shades]] in the 2000's and 2010's, partially for their [[Camp (style)|camp]] value, and shutter shades have become synonymous with Kanye West.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nika |first=Colleen |date=2011-08-11 |title=A Look At Kanye West's Style Evolution |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/view-from-the-throne-a-look-at-kanye-wests-style-evolution-107104/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref>

▲Around 2012, fashion in hip hop saw a shift towards modern "high" streetwear and haute couture brands popularized by online fashion forums such as Superfuture and Styleforum. Brands such as [[Rick Owens]], [[Raf Simons]], and [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Saint Laurent Paris]] are now featured prominently in the lyrics and wardrobes of rappers such as [[A$AP Rocky]], [[Travis Scott]], and [[Kanye West]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Gregory |last=Babcock |url=http://www.complex.com/style/2015/09/90s-rapper-fashion-trends-versus-2015/fitted-not-baggy |title=Fitted Is Better than Baggy - '90s Hip-Hop Fashion Trends vs. Today's Trends |publisher=Complex |date=2015-09-28 |access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref>

▲Skater culture is also prominent in the Hip-Hop scene. The boost in its popularity is largely attributed to [[alternative hip hop|alternative]] rapper and leader of the musical group [[Odd Future]], [[Tyler, The Creator]]. Brands like Obey, Supreme, Thrasher, and Tyler, the Creator's merchandise line, [[Golf Wang]] have also boosted the significance of skater fashion in Hip-Hop.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=2019-11-28 |title=Heartache in golf shoes: how Odd Future brought fresh energy to rap |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/28/odd-future-tyler-creator-frank-ocean-decade-in-music |access-date=2023-05-20 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

▲Around 2019, a fashion trend emerged coined as the "Opium" aesthetic, named after [[Opium (label)|Playboi Carti's record label]]. The label includes [[Ken Carson]], [[Destroy Lonely]], and Homixide Gang, although related acts such as "Burberry Erry" (Erik Artega), "F1lthy, and "[[Ojivolta|Oji]]" are also notable contributors to the punk-like aesthetic. The aesthetic and fashion trend focuses around dark monochrome, usually black clothing, [[Gothic architecture|Gothic structures]], and high streetwear and avant-garde brands such as [[Balenciaga]], [[Rick Owens]], [[Vetements]], [[1017 Alyx 9SM|Alyx]], [[Jun Takahashi|Undercover]], and [[Chrome Hearts]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-04 |title=Trippie Redd, Travis Scott, Kid Cudi, and the Commodification of Rage in Rap |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/trippie-redd-travis-scott-kid-cudi-commodification-of-rage-in-rap/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref>

== Influence ==

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As referenced above, the nineties centered around women's senses of style revolving around that of men, in that they adopted the use of oversized T-shirts and baggy pants. Also listed above are [[Aaliyah]], [[TLC (band)|TLC]], and [[Da Brat|Da' Brat]] as conformists to that trend. Female rap group [[Salt-n-Pepa|Salt-N-Pepa]] are considered amongst the frontrunners in leading the transition of moving away from the male alignment and asserting feminism in creating a new sense of dress. They are said to have "wowed fans while wearing hot pants, cut-off denim shorts and Lycra body suits".<ref>{{cite book|last=Hook|first=Sue Vander|title=Hip-Hop Fashion|year=2010|publisher=Capstone Press|location=Mankato, Minn.|isbn=978-1-4296-4017-6}}</ref>

"Black women's relationships to their bodies occur within overlapping cultural contexts that offer contradictory messages about their value and function".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lovejoy|first=Meg|title=Disturbances in the Social Body: Differences in Body Image and Eating Problems among African American and White Women|journal=Gender and Society|date=April 2001|volume=15|issue=2|jstor=3081846|pages=239–261|doi=10.1177/089124301015002005|s2cid=145254943}}</ref> In a male dominated society, it is no wonder that women used to work hard to align themselves with male images including how they'd dressed. As women generally gained access to and exposure within the offerings of several sectors of society, for example music, movies and television, we saw more images of what constituted attractiveness emerge. Following this came the perception of freedom to express oneself through several avenues including apparel. Rappers [[Lil' Kim]] and [[Eve (entertainer)|Eve]] are known for resorting to trends surrounding being scantily clad with provocative tattoos and being perceived as attractive in the process. Not all female rappers, or female artists in general have resorted to these methods within their careers. "...the recent appearance of Black women performers, songwriters, and producers in Black popular culture has called attention to the ways in which young Black women use popular culture to negotiate social existence and attempt to express independence, self-reliance, and agency".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Emerson |first=Rana |title="Where My Girls At?": Negotiating Black Womanhood in Music Videos |journal=Gender and Society |date=February 2002 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=115–135 |jstor=3081879 |doi=10.1177/0891243202016001007 |s2cid=35432829 |url=https://umdrive.memphis.edu/ajohnsn6/rhetoric%20of%20hip%20hop/where%20my%20girls%20at.pdf |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-date=2012-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422105430/https://umdrive.memphis.edu/ajohnsn6/rhetoric%20of%20hip%20hop/where%20my%20girls%20at.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===LGBT community and gender variance===

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Hip hop has had a history of homophobia, only recently becoming more accepting of the [[LGBT community]]. Lyrics that openly use derogatory words such as "fag" or "dyke" have saturated the market, even being found in conscious rap, considered the most progressive section of hip hop. Marc Lamont Hill argues, "the progressive agendas of political rap artists such as Public Enemy, X-Clan, Paris, and Sista Souljah were strongly informed by radical Afrocentric, Black Islamic, and crude Black Nationalist ideologies that were openly hostile to queer identities".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hill|first=Marc Lamont|date=2009-01-30|title=Scared Straight: Hip-Hop, Outing, and the Pedagogy of Queerness|journal=Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies|volume=31|issue=1|pages=29–54|doi=10.1080/10714410802629235|s2cid=145555758|issn=1071-4413}}</ref>

The hip hop genre has been traditionally viewed as a predominantly hyper-masculine community, with female artists adopting traits traditionally associated with men. Female artists such as [[Young M.A~~|Young M.A.~~]]., [[The Conscious Daughters|Conscious Daughters]], and [[Aaliyah]] have often dressed in clothing typically considered masculine, wearing baggy clothes and other traditionally masculine clothing items.

However, men have also begun to explore reversing gender roles through their fashion choices. Artists like [[Kid Cudi]], Lil Wayne, A$AP Rocky, Kanye West, [[Young Thug]], and other self-identified straight men have made headlines for their androgynous dress. And while this style may seem new, it is not exclusive to recent times - even the early years of hip hop saw legends dressed in the disco styles of the era.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hiphopdx.com/editorials/id.2063/title.dressing-the-part-hip-hop-high-fashion-gender-roles|title=Dressing The Part: hip hop, High Fashion & Gender Roles|newspaper=HipHopDX|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>

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[[Category:2020s fashion]]

[[Category:African-American culture]]

[[Category:~~Fashion~~American ~~in the United States~~fashion]]

https://kblitzmusicmerch.myshopify.com/products/jumpjumpjump-around