History of Twitter: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The history of the social media site [[Twitter]] began in 2006 as [[Jack Dorsey]]'s, then at [[Odeo]], idea. It was [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] in 2007 ~~and~~after ~~went public in 2013. Twitter~~which expanded rapidly and became a significant component of global society. ~~[[Elon~~Twitter ~~Musk]]~~became ~~took~~a ~~Twitter~~key ~~private~~part inof ~~2022~~politics and ~~later~~international ~~changed~~relations ~~the~~but ~~name~~was ofalso ~~the~~banned ~~service~~or toblocked X.in some countries.

Twitter went public in 2013 and continued to expand. The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] challenged Twitter's handling of [[misinformation]] on the platform. [[Elon Musk]] took Twitter private in 2022 and later changed the name of the service to X.

== Background ==

Twitter's origins lie in a "daylong brainstorming session" held by board members of the [[podcast]]ing company Odeo. [[Jack Dorsey]], then an [[undergraduate student]], introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate with a small group.<ref>{{registration required|date=February 2011}} {{cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/technology/31ev.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101101065448/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/technology/31ev.html |archive-date=November 1, 2010 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Why Twitter's C.E.O. Demoted Himself|date=October 30, 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 31, 2010}}</ref><ref name="origins">{{cite web|title=Co-founder of Twitter receives key to St. Louis with 140 character proclamation|url=http://www.ksdk.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=185395&catid=3|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121228183342/http://www.ksdk.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=185395&catid=3|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 28, 2012|date=September 19, 2009|website=[[KSDK]]|access-date=September 29, 2009|quote=After high school in St. Louis and some time at the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]], Jack headed east to New York University.}}</ref> The original [[project code name]] for the service was ''twttr'', an idea that [[Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]] later ascribed to [[Noah Glass (Twitter)|Noah Glass]],<ref>{{cite tweet|number=58275072011542529|user=ev|author=Ev|title=It's true that @Noah never got enough credit for his early role at Twitter. Also, he came up with the name, which was brilliant. |access-date=April 26, 2011|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref> inspired by [[Flickr]] and the five-character length of American SMS [[short code]]s. The decision was also partly due to the fact that the domain twitter.com was already in use, and it was six months after the launch of twttr that the crew purchased the domain and changed the name of the service to ''Twitter''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buy a vowel? How Twttr became Twitter|url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/technology/1011/gallery.Startup_Domain_Names/|website=[[CNN Money]]|access-date=June 9, 2015|date=November 23, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427150243/https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/technology/1011/gallery.Startup_Domain_Names/|url-status=live}}</ref> The developers initially considered "10958" as the service's [[short code]] for [[SMS]] text messaging, but later changed it to "40404" for "ease of use and memorability".<ref name="HowTwitterWasBorn">{{cite web |url=http://www.140characters.com/2009/01/30/how-twitter-was-born/ |title=How Twitter Was Born |work=140 Characters: A Style Guide for the Short Form |date=January 30, 2009 |first=Dom |last=Sagolla |access-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508105855/http://www.140characters.com/2009/01/30/how-twitter-was-born/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Work on the project started in February 2006.<ref name="Carlson-2011" /> Dorsey published the first Twitter: "just setting up my twttr".<ref name="Dorsey2006">{{cite tweet|number=20|user=jack|author=jack|title=just setting up my twttr |access-date=February 4, 2011 |date=March 21, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="CNBC short history" >{{cite web |title=Twitter is now owned by Elon Musk — here’s a brief history from the app’s founding in 2006 to the present |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/29/a-brief-history-of-twitter-from-its-founding-in-2006-to-musk-takeover.html |website=cnbc.com |publisher=CNBC |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> ▼

== 2006–2007 ==

[[File:Twttr sketch-Dorsey-2006.jpg|thumb|A sketch, {{circa}} 2006, by Jack Dorsey, envisioning an [[SMS]]-based [[social network]]]]

Work on the project which would become Twitter started in February 2006.<ref name="Carlson-2011" /> In March 2006 Dorsey published the first Twitter post: "just setting up my twttr".<ref name="Dorsey2006">{{cite tweet|number=20|user=jack|author=jack|title=just setting up my twttr |access-date=February 4, 2011 |date=March 21, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="CNBC short history" >{{cite web |title=Twitter is now owned by Elon Musk — here's a brief history from the app's founding in 2006 to the present |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/29/a-brief-history-of-twitter-from-its-founding-in-2006-to-musk-takeover.html |website=cnbc.com |publisher=CNBC |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>

▲Twitter's origins lie in a "daylong brainstorming session" held by board members of the [[podcast]]ing company Odeo. [[Jack Dorsey]], then an undergraduate student, introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate with a small group.<ref>{{registration required|date=February 2011}} {{cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/technology/31ev.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101101065448/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/technology/31ev.html |archive-date=November 1, 2010 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Why Twitter's C.E.O. Demoted Himself|date=October 30, 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 31, 2010}}</ref><ref name="origins">{{cite web|title=Co-founder of Twitter receives key to St. Louis with 140 character proclamation|url=http://www.ksdk.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=185395&catid=3|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121228183342/http://www.ksdk.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=185395&catid=3|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 28, 2012|date=September 19, 2009|website=[[KSDK]]|access-date=September 29, 2009|quote=After high school in St. Louis and some time at the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]], Jack headed east to New York University.}}</ref> The original [[project code name]] for the service was ''twttr'', an idea that Williams later ascribed to [[Noah Glass (Twitter)|Noah Glass]],<ref>{{cite tweet|number=58275072011542529|user=ev|author=Ev|title=It's true that @Noah never got enough credit for his early role at Twitter. Also, he came up with the name, which was brilliant. |access-date=April 26, 2011|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref> inspired by [[Flickr]] and the five-character length of American SMS [[short code]]s. The decision was also partly due to the fact that the domain twitter.com was already in use, and it was six months after the launch of twttr that the crew purchased the domain and changed the name of the service to ''Twitter''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buy a vowel? How Twttr became Twitter|url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/technology/1011/gallery.Startup_Domain_Names/|website=[[CNN Money]]|access-date=June 9, 2015|date=November 23, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427150243/https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/technology/1011/gallery.Startup_Domain_Names/|url-status=live}}</ref> The developers initially considered "10958" as the service's [[short code]] for [[SMS]] text messaging, but later changed it to "40404" for "ease of use and memorability".<ref name="HowTwitterWasBorn">{{cite web |url=http://www.140characters.com/2009/01/30/how-twitter-was-born/ |title=How Twitter Was Born |work=140 Characters: A Style Guide for the Short Form |date=January 30, 2009 |first=Dom |last=Sagolla |access-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508105855/http://www.140characters.com/2009/01/30/how-twitter-was-born/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Work on the project started in February 2006.<ref name="Carlson-2011" /> Dorsey published the first Twitter: "just setting up my twttr".<ref name="Dorsey2006">{{cite tweet|number=20|user=jack|author=jack|title=just setting up my twttr |access-date=February 4, 2011 |date=March 21, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="CNBC short history" >{{cite web |title=Twitter is now owned by Elon Musk — here’s a brief history from the app’s founding in 2006 to the present |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/29/a-brief-history-of-twitter-from-its-founding-in-2006-to-musk-takeover.html |website=cnbc.com |publisher=CNBC |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>

Dorsey has explained the origin of the "Twitter" title:<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/twitter-creator.html|title=Twitter Creator Jack Dorsey Illuminates the Site's Founding Document|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 18, 2009|first=David|last=Sano|access-date=June 18, 2009|archive-date=May 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502183919/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/twitter-creator.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

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</blockquote>

The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as an internal service for Odeo employees.<ref name="Carlson-2011">{{cite web |first=Nicholas |last=Carlson |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-twitter-was-founded-2011-4?op=1 |title=How Twitter Was Founded |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=April 13, 2011 |access-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714111059/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-twitter-was-founded-2011-4?op=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The full version was introduced publicly on July 15, 2006.<ref name="launch">{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Arrington |url=https://techcrunch.com/2006/07/15/is-twttr-interesting/ |title=Odeo Releases Twttr |work=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 15, 2006 |access-date=September 18, 2010 |author-link=Michael Arrington |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501035557/https://techcrunch.com/2006/07/15/is-twttr-interesting/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2006, [[Biz Stone]], [[Evan Williams ~~(Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]]~~, Dorsey, and other members of Odeo formed Obvious Corporation and acquired Odeo, together with its assets—including Odeo.com and Twitter.com—from the investors and shareholders.<ref>{{Cite news | ~~first~~url=Omhttps://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42577600 | ~~last~~title=~~Malik~~The |real ~~title=Odeo~~history ~~RIP,~~of ~~Hello~~Twitter ~~Obvious~~isn't ~~Corp~~so short and sweet | ~~date~~first=~~October 25, 2006~~Nicholas | ~~url~~last=~~http://gigaom.com/2006/10/25/odeo-rip-hello-obvious-corp/~~Carlson | work=[[~~GigaOM~~NBC News]] | ~~access-~~date=~~June~~April 2014, ~~2009 | archive-date=May 2, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502183300/https://gigaom.com/2006/10/25/odeo-rip-hello-obvious-corp/ | url-status=dead~~ 2011}}</ref> Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitter's startup until 2011.<ref>{{cite news|author=Madrigal, Alexis|title=Twitter's Fifth Beatle Tells His Side of the Story|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/twitters-fifth-beatle-tells-his-side-of-the-story/237326/|date=April 14, 2011|work=[[The Atlantic]]|access-date=April 26, 2011|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523231319/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/twitters-fifth-beatle-tells-his-side-of-the-story/237326/|url-status=live}}</ref> Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailyanchor.com/2009/02/12/a-conversation-with-twitter-co-founder-jack-dorsey/ |title=A Conversation with Twitter Co-Founder Jack Dorsey |access-date=February 12, 2009 |last=Lennon |first=Andrew |work=[[The Daily Anchor]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727073104/http://www.thedailyanchor.com/2009/02/12/a-conversation-with-twitter-co-founder-jack-dorsey/ |archive-date=July 27, 2009 }}</ref>

Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013 interview:<ref name="Inc">{{cite web|title=Ev Williams on Twitter's Early Years|url=http://www.inc.com/issie-lapowsky/ev-williams-twitter-early-years.html?cid=em01011week40day04b|work=[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]|access-date=October 5, 2013|first=Issie|last=Lapowsky|date=October 4, 2013|archive-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410151700/https://www.inc.com/issie-lapowsky/ev-williams-twitter-early-years.html?cid=em01011week40day04b|url-status=live}}</ref>

With Twitter, it wasn't clear what it was. They called it a social network, they called it [[microblogging]], but it was hard to define, because it didn't replace anything. There was this path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is. Twitter actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network.

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== 2007–2010 ==

The [[tipping point (sociology)|tipping point]] for Twitter's popularity was the 2007 [[South by Southwest Interactive]] (SXSWi) conference. During the event, [[Twitter usage]] increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000.<ref>{{cite web |first=Courtney Boyd |last=Meyers |title=5 years ago today Twitter launched to the public |url=https://thenextweb.com/twitter/2011/07/15/5-years-ago-today-twitter-launched-to-the-public/ |website=The Next Web |date=July 15, 2011 |access-date=May 5, 2017 |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427150843/https://thenextweb.com/twitter/2011/07/15/5-years-ago-today-twitter-launched-to-the-public/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "The Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages," remarked ''[[Newsweek]]''{{'}}s [[Steven Levy]]. "Hundreds of conference-goers kept tabs on each other via constant twitters. Panelists and speakers mentioned the service, and the bloggers in attendance touted it."<ref>{{Cite news |author=Levy, Steven |title=Twitter: Is Brevity The Next Big Thing? |date=April 30, 2007 |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/35289 |work=[[Newsweek]] |access-date=February 4, 2011 |author-link=Steven Levy |archive-date=April 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412120320/http://www.newsweek.com/id/35289 |url-status=live }}</ref> Reaction at the conference was highly positive.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-9696264-2.html |title=To Twitter or Dodgeball at SXSW? |access-date=February 4, 2011 |first=Daniel |last=Terdiman |author-link=Daniel Terdiman |date=March 10, 2007 |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203224143/http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-9696264-2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Twitter staff received the festival's Web Award prize with the remark "we'd like to thank you in 140 characters or less. And we just did!"<ref>{{cite web |access-date=May 7, 2008 |url=http://blog.twitter.com/2007/03/we-won.html |title=We Won! |work=Twitter Blog |publisher=Twitter |date=February 4, 2011 |first=Biz |last=Stone |author-link=Biz Stone |archive-date=February 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224170623/http://blog.twitter.com/2007/03/we-won.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source|date=November 2023}}

The company experienced rapid initial growth. In 2009, Twitter won the "Breakout of the Year" [[Webby Award]].<ref>{{cite web |title=13th Annual Webby Special Achievement Award Winners |url=http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/specialachievement13.php/#twitter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220215629/http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/specialachievement13.php/ |archive-date=February 20, 2011 |access-date=February 22, 2011 |publisher=[[Webby Award|The Webby Awards]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Ian |date=May 5, 2009 |title=Jimmy Fallon Wins Top Webby: And the Winners Are... |work=[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]] |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/164374/jimmy_fallon_wins_top_webby_and_the_winners_are.html |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225144911/https://www.pcworld.com/article/164374/Jimmy_Fallon_Wins_Top_Webby_And_the_Winners_Are.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 29, 2009, Twitter was named the Word of the Year by the [[Global Language Monitor]], declaring it "a new form of social interaction".<ref>{{cite web |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Top Word of 2009: Twitter |url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/top-words/top-word-of-2009-twitter/ |access-date=July 28, 2014 |publisher=Languagemonitor.com |archive-date=May 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514004554/http://www.languagemonitor.com/top-words/top-word-of-2009-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2010, Twitter users were sending {{Nowrap|50 million}} tweets per day.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/7297541/Twitter-users-send-50-million-tweets-per-day.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/7297541/Twitter-users-send-50-million-tweets-per-day.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | title=Twitter Users Send 50 Million Tweets Per Day – Almost 600 Tweets Are Sent Every Second Through the Microblogging Site, According to Its Own Metrics | first=Claudine | last=Beaumont | date=February 23, 2010|access-date=February 7, 2011 | location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> By March 2010, the company recorded over 70,000 registered applications.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2010/03/twitter-registered-created|work=[[New Statesman]]|title=Twitter Registers 1,500 Per Cent Growth in Users|date=March 4, 2010|access-date=February 7, 2011|archive-date=May 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503011352/https://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2010/03/twitter-registered-created|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{As of|2010|June}}, about {{Nowrap|65 million}} tweets were posted each day, equaling about 750 tweets sent each second, according to Twitter.<ref>{{cite web|author=Garrett, Sean|title=Big Goals, Big Game, Big Records|url=http://blog.twitter.com/2010/06/big-goals-big-game-big-records.html|publisher=Twitter Blog ([[blog]] of Twitter)|access-date=February 7, 2011|date=June 18, 2010|archive-date=February 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213095055/http://blog.twitter.com/2010/06/big-goals-big-game-big-records.html|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2011|March}}, that was about {{Nowrap|140 million}} tweets posted daily.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.twitter.com/2011/03/numbers.html |title=Twitter Blog: #numbers |publisher=Blog.twitter.com |date=March 14, 2011 |access-date=January 20, 2012 |archive-date=March 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325050048/http://blog.twitter.com/2011/03/numbers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As noted on [[Compete.com]], Twitter moved up to the third-highest-ranking [[social networking]] site in January 2009 from its previous rank of twenty-second.<ref name="Kazeniac">{{cite news|author=Kazeniac, Andy|title=Social Networks: Facebook Takes Over Top Spot, Twitter Climbs|url=http://blog.compete.com/2009/02/09/facebook-myspace-twitter-social-network/|date=February 9, 2009|publisher=[[Compete.com]]|access-date=February 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721111825/http://blog.compete.com/2009/02/09/facebook-myspace-twitter-social-network/|archive-date=July 21, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Jack Dorsey - TechCrunch Real-Time Stream Crunchup - 2009.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jack Dorsey]], co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, in 2009]]

Twitter's usage spikes during prominent events. For example, a record was set during the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] when fans wrote 2,940 tweets per second in the thirty-second period after [[Japan national football team|Japan]] scored against [[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] on June 14, 2010. The record was broken again when 3,085 tweets per second were posted after the [[Los Angeles Lakers]]' victory in the [[2010 NBA Finals]] on June 17, 2010,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Miller|first=Claire Cain|title=Sports Fans Break Records on Twitter|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/18/sports-fans-break-records-on-twitter/|publisher=Bits ([[blog]] of [[The New York Times]])|access-date=February 7, 2011|date=June 18, 2010|archive-date=January 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112142639/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/18/sports-fans-break-records-on-twitter/|url-status=live}}</ref> and then again at the close of Japan's victory over [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]] in the World Cup when users published 3,283 tweets per second.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Van Grove, Jennifer|url=http://mashable.com/2010/06/25/tps-record/|title=Twitter Sets New Record: 3,283 Tweets Per Second|work=[[Mashable]]|access-date=February 7, 2011|date=June 25, 2010|archive-date=September 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234753/https://mashable.com/2010/06/25/tps-record/|url-status=live}}</ref> The record was set again during the [[2011 FIFA Women's World Cup Final]] between [[Japan women's national football team|Japan]] and the [[United States women's national soccer team|United States]], when 7,196 tweets per second were published.<ref>{{cite news |url=~~http~~https://~~espn~~www.goespn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6779582/women-world-cup-final-breaks-twitter-record |title=Women's World Cup Final breaks Twitter record |publisher=[[ESPN (United States)|ESPN]] |date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=July 31, 2011 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200457/http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6779582/women-world-cup-final-breaks-twitter-record |url-status=live }}</ref> When American singer [[Michael Jackson]] died on June 25, 2009, Twitter servers crashed after users were updating their status to include the words "Michael Jackson" at a rate of 100,000 tweets per hour.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shiels |first=Maggie |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8120324.stm |title=Web Slows After Jackson's Death |work=[[BBC News]] |date=June 26, 2009 |access-date=February 7, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026163258/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8120324.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The current record {{As of|2013|August|3|df=US|lc=y}}, was set in Japan, with 143,199 tweets per second during a television screening of the movie ''[[Castle in the Sky]]''<ref name="Krikorian-2013">{{cite web|url=https://blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/a/2013/new-tweets-per-second-record-and-how|title=New Tweets per second record, and how!|first=Raffi|last=Krikorian|date=August 16, 2013|access-date=November 22, 2021|work=Twitter Blogs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822102815/https://blog.twitter.com/2013/new-tweets-per-second-record-and-how|archive-date=August 22, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> (beating the previous record of 33,388, also set by Japan for the television screening of the same movie).<ref>{{cite news |last=Kanalley |first=Craig |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/02/tweets-per-second-record_n_2396915.html |title=Tweets-Per-Second Record Set By Japan, Korea On New Year's Day 2013 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=January 2, 2013 |access-date=January 3, 2013 |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019095331/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/02/tweets-per-second-record_n_2396915.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Elon Musk joined Twitter as a user in 2009.<ref name="Guardian Musk-Twitter" /> After an incident in which a lawsuit was launched over a fake account Twitter introduced "Verified Accounts."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jeong |first1=Sarah |title=The History of Twitter's Rules |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/z43xw3/the-history-of-twitters-rules |website=vice.com |publisher=Vice |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> Also in 2009 [[Ashton Kutcher]]'s twitter account became the first one with a million followers.<ref name= "CNN 23" >{{cite web |last1=Griggs |first1=Brandon |last2=Kelly |first2=Heather |title=23 key moments from Twitter history |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/13/tech/social-media/twitter-key-moments/index.html |website=cnn.com |publisher=CNN |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>

Twitter played a major role in the [[2009 Iranian presidential election protests]].<ref name= "CNN 23" />

The first unassisted off-Earth Twitter message was posted from the [[International Space Station]] by [[NASA]] astronaut [[Timothy Creamer|T. J. Creamer]] on January 22, 2010.<ref>[[Press release]] (January 22, 2010). [http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jan/HQ_M10-011_Hawaii221169.html "Media Advisory M10-012 – NASA Extends the World Wide Web Out into Space"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213014423/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jan/HQ_M10-011_Hawaii221169.html |date=December 13, 2010 }}. [[NASA]]. Retrieved February 5, 2011.</ref> By late November 2010, an average of a dozen updates per day were posted on the astronauts' communal account, @NASA_Astronauts. NASA has also hosted over 25 [[NASA Social|"tweetups"]], events that provide guests with VIP access to NASA facilities and speakers with the goal of leveraging participants' social networks to further the outreach goals of NASA.{{Cn|date=November 2023}}▼

▲The first unassisted off-Earth Twitter message was posted from the [[International Space Station]] by [[NASA]] astronaut [[Timothy Creamer|T. J. Creamer]] on January 22, 2010.<ref>[[Press release]] (January 22, 2010). [http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jan/HQ_M10-011_Hawaii221169.html "Media Advisory M10-012 – NASA Extends the World Wide Web Out into Space"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213014423/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jan/HQ_M10-011_Hawaii221169.html |date=December 13, 2010 }}. [[NASA]]. Retrieved February 5, 2011.</ref><ref name= "CNN 23" /> By late November 2010, an average of a dozen updates per day were posted on the astronauts' communal account, @NASA_Astronauts. NASA has also hosted over 25 [[NASA Social|"tweetups"]], events that provide guests with VIP access to NASA facilities and speakers with the goal of leveraging participants' social networks to further the outreach goals of NASA.{{Cn|date=November 2023}}

Twitter acquired application developer Atebits on April 11, 2010. Atebits had developed the [[Apple Design Award]]-winning Twitter client [[Tweetie]] for the [[Macintosh|Mac]] and [[iPhone]]. The application became the official Twitter client for the iPhone, [[iPad]] and Mac.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Miller, Claire Cain|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/twitter-acquires-atebits-maker-of-tweetie/|title=Twitter Acquires Atebits, Maker of Tweetie|date=April 11, 2010|access-date=February 7, 2011|publisher=Bits ([[blog]] of [[The New York Times]])|archive-date=December 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218140944/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/twitter-acquires-atebits-maker-of-tweetie/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010 the [[Library of Congress]] archived all Tweets back to 2006 and began archiving all new tweets. Only the text of tweets were archived, they do not include videos, images, or linked content.<ref name= "NPR" /> They switched to archiving ~~only~~tweets ~~select~~on ~~tweets~~a selected basis similar to their treatment of other media in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stokel-Walker |first1=Chris |title=Twitter’s potential collapse could wipe out vast records of recent human history |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/11/11/1063162/twitters-imminent-collapse-could-wipe-out-vast-records-of-recent-human-history/ |website=technologyreview.com |publisher=MIT Technology Review |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref name= NPR >{{cite web |last1=Wamsley |first1=Laurel |title=Library Of Congress Will No Longer Archive Every Tweet |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/26/573609499/library-of-congress-will-no-longer-archive-every-tweet |website=npr.org |publisher=NPR |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref>

== 2010–2014 ==

[[File:Logo of Twitter.svg|thumb|Logo used from 2012 to 2023]]

From September through October 2010, the company began rolling out "New Twitter", an entirely revamped edition of twitter.com. Changes included the ability to see pictures and videos without leaving Twitter itself by clicking on individual tweets which contain links to images and clips from a variety of supported websites, including [[YouTube]] and [[Flickr]], and a complete overhaul of the interface, which shifted links such as '@mentions' and 'Retweets' above the Twitter stream, while 'Messages' and 'Log Out' became accessible via a black bar at the very top of twitter.com. {{As of|2010|November|1|df=US}}, the company confirmed that the "New Twitter experience" had been rolled out to all users. In 2019, Twitter was announced to be the 10th most downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/10-most-downloaded-apps-of-the-decade-facebook-dominated-2010-2019/|title=Facebook was the most-downloaded app of the decade|last=Rayome|first=Alison DeNisco|website=CNET|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218120846/https://www.cnet.com/news/10-most-downloaded-apps-of-the-decade-facebook-dominated-2010-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Twitter played an important role in the [[Arab Spring]] across the Middle East and North Africa.<ref name= "CNN 23" />

On April 5, 2011, Twitter tested a new homepage and phased out the "Old Twitter".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/05/new-twitter-homepage_n_845110.html |title=Twitter Users Report Twitter.com Has A New Homepage (SCREENSHOTS) |work=The Huffington Post |date=May 4, 2011 |access-date=May 22, 2011 |first=Dean |last=Praetorius |archive-date=October 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027152858/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/05/new-twitter-homepage_n_845110.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, a glitch came about after the page was launched, so the previous "retro" homepage was still in use until the issues were resolved; the new homepage was reintroduced on April 20.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dunn |first=John E |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/224410/twitter_delays_homepage_revamp_after_service_glitch.html |title=Twitter Delays Homepage Revamp After Service Glitch |magazine=PCWorld |date=April 6, 2011 |access-date=May 22, 2011 |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510080610/http://www.pcworld.com/article/224410/twitter_delays_homepage_revamp_after_service_glitch.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webpronews.com/new-twitter-homepage-2011-04|title=New Twitter Homepage Launched|first=Chris|last=Crum|date=April 20, 2011|access-date=April 25, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424083859/http://www.webpronews.com/new-twitter-homepage-2011-04|archive-date=April 24, 2011}}</ref> On December 8, 2011, Twitter overhauled its website once more to feature the "Fly" design, which the service says is easier for new users to follow and promotes advertising. In addition to the ''Home'' tab, the ''Connect'' and ''Discover'' tabs were introduced along with a redesigned profile and timeline of Tweets. The site's layout has been compared to that of [[Facebook]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fly.twitter.com/ |title=Twitter: Yours to discover |publisher=Fly.twitter.com |access-date=January 20, 2012 |archive-date=January 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118201742/http://fly.twitter.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/twitter-2-0-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-changes |title=Twitter 2.0: Everything You Need to Know About the New Changes |work=Fox News |date=April 7, 2010 |access-date=January 20, 2012 |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415044213/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/12/09/what-need-to-know-about-new-twitter/?test=faces |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 21, 2012, it was announced that Twitter and [[Yandex]] agreed to a partnership. Yandex, a Russian search engine, finds value within the partnership due to Twitter's real-time news feeds. Twitter's director of business development explained that it is important to have Twitter content where Twitter users go.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/twitter-yandex-idUSL5E8DK89H20120221|title=Twitter partners with Yandex for real-time search|work=Reuters|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162436/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/21/twitter-yandex-idUSL5E8DK89H20120221|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 21, 2012, Twitter celebrated its sixth [[birthday]] by announcing that it had 140 million users, a 40% rise from September 2011, who were sending 340 million tweets per day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2012/03/21/twitter-has-140-million-users/|title=Twitter Says It Has 140 Million Users|date=March 21, 2012|work=Mashable|access-date=March 21, 2012|archive-date=May 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502191640/https://mashable.com/2012/03/21/twitter-has-140-million-users/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2012/12/18/twitter-200-million-active-users/|title=Twitter Now Has More Than 200 Million Monthly Active Users|date=December 18, 2012|work=Mashable|access-date=December 18, 2012|archive-date=July 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164943/https://mashable.com/2012/12/18/twitter-200-million-active-users/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2012, Twitter announced that it was opening an office in [[Detroit]], with the aim of working with automotive brands and advertising agencies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 4, 2012 |title=Twitter heads to Motown to be closer to automakers |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/twitter-detroit-idUSL2E8F47G020120404 |url-status=live |access-date=April 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163253/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/04/twitter-detroit-idUSL2E8F47G020120404 |archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> Twitter also expanded its office in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 4, 2012 |title=Twitter to create 12 jobs as it scales up Irish operations |work=Irish Independent |url=http://www.independent.ie/business/technology/twitter-to-create-12-jobs-as-it-scales-up-irish-operations-3070098.html |access-date=April 5, 2012 |archive-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120154622/http://www.independent.ie/business/technology/twitter-to-create-12-jobs-as-it-scales-up-irish-operations-3070098.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2011 a [[cobra]] escaped from the [[Bronx Zoo]], soon after a parody twitter account for the cobra appeared using the handle "@BronxZoosCobra" which soon amassed a large number of followers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sutter |first1=John D. |title=Missing cobra sinks fangs into Twitter |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/TECH/web/03/29/bronx.cobra.twitter/index.html |website=cnn.com |publisher=CNN |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Escaped Bronx Zoo Cobra Joins Twitter |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/escaped-bronx-zoo-cobra-joins-twitter/story?id=13246485 |website=abcnews.go.com |publisher=ABC News |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> The snake was on the loose for a week before being recaptured during which time the account tweeted regularly.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hayden |first1=Erik |title=A Definitive Guide to the Bronx Zoo Cobra Meme |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/03/definitive-history-bronx-zoo-cobra-meme/349232/ |website=theatlantic.com |publisher=The Atlantic |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> This parody account led to increased interest in parody accounts on twitter in general.<ref name= "CNN 23" />

On June 5, 2012, a modified logo was unveiled through the company blog, removing the text to showcase the slightly redesigned bird as the sole symbol of Twitter.<ref>{{cite web |first=Salvador |last=Rodriguez |title=Twitter flips the bird, adopts new logo |url=https://latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-twitter-new-bird-20120606%2C0%2C2138652.story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712062434/http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-twitter-new-bird-20120606%2C0%2C2138652.story |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 6, 2012 |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |first=Scott |last=Gilbertson |title=Twitter's New Logo Inspires Parodies, CSS Greatness |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/06/twitters-new-logo-inspires-parodies-css-greatness/ |magazine=Wired |date=June 8, 2012 |access-date=May 5, 2017 |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106203523/https://www.wired.com/2012/06/twitters-new-logo-inspires-parodies-css-greatness/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On December 18, 2012, Twitter announced [[monthly active users]] had increased 42% in the proceeding nine months and now surpassed 200 million.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Etherington |first1=Darrell |title=Twitter Passes 200M Monthly Active Users, A 42% Increase Over 9 Months |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/12/18/twitter-passes-200m-monthly-active-users-a-42-increase-over-9-months/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGfcgfqcryc5_j6gHTUVO3RAsn8ZR8oOpUVPK445OzbHDy5NW0zp80kjBlAFsu3e9h1KmKq4uCz4rchyBX1_5lp41r1OsEF5kELww5vJru2Uka3-IgoGVRmF_Im6MHdj1yxxXwzBDPLUGBjQ-yzntt-hZ4579gWeIqs8f8aNn4bY |website=techcrunch.com |publisher=Tech Crunch |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>

In December 2012 [[Pope Benedict XVI]] joined Twitter with the account name "@pontifex."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kington |first1=Tom |title=Pope makes Twitter debut in eight languages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/12/pope-makes-twitter-debut-languages |website=theguardian.com |publisher=The Guardian |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith-Spark |first1=Laura |title=Pope Benedict sends first personal tweet |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/12/world/europe/vatican-pope-twitter/index.html |website=cnn.com |publisher=CNN |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hudson |first1=Laura |title=The Pope Sends Out His Very First Tweet |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/12/pope-twitter/ |website=wired.com |publisher=Wired |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Souppouris |first1=Aaron |title=Pope Benedict XVI joins Twitter as @pontifex, first tweet coming December 12th |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/12/3/3721324/pope-benedict-xvi-twitter-account-pontifex-announcement-december-12th |website=theverge.com |publisher=The Verge |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> The account answers questions which are posed to it using the hashtag "askpontifex."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Faris |first1=Stephan |title=The Pope Tweets with You: Benedict XVI Joins the Twitterverse |url=https://world.time.com/2012/12/11/the-pope-tweets-with-you-benedict-xvi-joins-the-twitterverse/ |website=world.time.com |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>

In 2012 "tweet" was added to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chang |first1=Jonathan |title='Tweet' Now an Official Word: Oxford English Dictionary |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2013/06/tweet-now-an-official-word-oxford-english-dictionary |website=abcnews.go.com |publisher=ABC News |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>▼

▲In 2012 "tweet" was added to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chang |first1=Jonathan |title='Tweet' Now an Official Word: Oxford English Dictionary |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2013/06/tweet-now-an-official-word-oxford-english-dictionary |website=abcnews.go.com |publisher=ABC News |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> [[Vine (service)]], a short video service, was launched in 2013.<ref name= "CNN 23" />

On January 28, 2013, Twitter acquired [[Crashlytics]] in order to build out its mobile developer products.<ref name="crashlytics">{{Cite news|url=https://xconomy.com/boston/2013/02/05/twitters-boston-acquisitions-crashlytics-tops-100m-bluefin-labs-close-behind/|title=Twitter's Boston Acquisitions: Crashlytics Tops $100M, Bluefin Labs Close Behind|date=February 5, 2013|newspaper=[[Xconomy]]|access-date=November 22, 2021|last=T. Huang|first=Gregory|archive-date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427150432/https://xconomy.com/boston/2013/02/05/twitters-boston-acquisitions-crashlytics-tops-100m-bluefin-labs-close-behind/|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 18, 2013, Twitter launched a music app called Twitter Music for the iPhone.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ulanoff|first=Lance|title=Twitter Launches Twitter #music App and Service|url=http://mashable.com/2013/04/18/twitter-music-launch-2/|publisher=Mashable|access-date=April 28, 2013|work=[[Mashable]]|date=April 18, 2013|archive-date=September 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921034452/https://mashable.com/2013/04/18/twitter-music-launch-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 28, 2013, Twitter acquired Trendrr,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://thenextweb.com/twitter/2013/08/28/twitter-acquires-real-time-social-data-company-trendrr-to-help-it-better-tap-into-tv-and-media/ | title=Twitter acquires real-time social data company Trendrr to help it better tap into TV and media | work=The Next web | date=August 28, 2013 | access-date=August 29, 2013 | archive-date=April 27, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427151309/https://thenextweb.com/twitter/2013/08/28/twitter-acquires-real-time-social-data-company-trendrr-to-help-it-better-tap-into-tv-and-media/ | url-status=live }}</ref> followed by the acquisition of MoPub on September 9, 2013.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/09/10/technology/social/twitter-acquisition/index.html | title=Twitter makes another acquisition | work=CNN Money | access-date=September 10, 2013 | first=Chris | last=Isidore | date=September 10, 2013 | archive-date=April 24, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424102731/https://money.cnn.com/2013/09/10/technology/social/twitter-acquisition/index.html | url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2013|September|df=US}}, the company's data showed that 200 million users sent over 400 million tweets daily, with nearly 60% of tweets sent from mobile devices.<ref>{{cite news|title=Twitter files for IPO in first stage of stock market launch|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/12/twitter-ipo-stock-market-launch?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=48826&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2fsep%2f12%2ftwitter-ipo-stock-market-launch|access-date=September 13, 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=September 12, 2013|first=Heidi|last=Moore|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801075059/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/12/twitter-ipo-stock-market-launch?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=48826&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2fsep%2f12%2ftwitter-ipo-stock-market-launch|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2013 the [[Syrian Electronic Army]] hacked the twitter account of the [[Associated Press]]. The attack had a significant short term impact on the stock market.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stuster |first1=J. Dana |title=Syrian Electronic Army takes credit for hacking AP Twitter account |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/04/23/syrian-electronic-army-takes-credit-for-hacking-ap-twitter-account/ |website=foreignpolicy.com |publisher=Foreign Policy |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bishop |first1=Katrina |last2=Kharpal |first2=Arjun |title=Global websites hacked by Syrian Electronic Army |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/11/27/global-websites-hacked-by-syrian-electronic-army.html |website=cnbc.com |publisher=CNBC |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> In October they hacked the account of [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCarthy |first1=Tom |title=Syrian Electronic Army takes credit for attack on Obama's Twitter account |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/28/barack-obama-twitter-hacked-syria |website=theguardian.com |publisher=The Guardian |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>

During [[Super Bowl XLVII]] on February 3, 2013, when the power went out in the [[Superdome]] Mondelez International, Kraft Foods vice president Lisa Mann was asked to tweet, "You can still dunk in the dark", referring to [[Oreo]] cookies. She approved, and as she told ''[[Ad Age]]'' in 2020, "literally the world [had] changed when I woke up the next morning." This became a milestone in the development of commenting daily on culture.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Q&AA: The CMO Fixer: After working for major marketers, Lisa Mann now places CMOs and other executives. She gives her take on what's ailing top brands and what companies are looking for in top execs|last=Schultz|first=E.J.|journal=[[Ad Age]]|date=October 5, 2020|page=6|volume=91|issue=19}}</ref>▼

▲During [[Super Bowl XLVII]] on February 3, 2013, when the power went out in the [[Caesars Superdome|Superdome]] Mondelez International, Kraft Foods vice president Lisa Mann was asked to tweet, "You can still dunk in the dark", referring to [[Oreo]] cookies. She approved, and as she told ''[[Ad Age]]'' in 2020, "literally the world [had] changed when I woke up the next morning." This became a milestone in the development of commenting daily on culture.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Q&AA: The CMO Fixer: After working for major marketers, Lisa Mann now places CMOs and other executives. She gives her take on what's ailing top brands and what companies are looking for in top execs|last=Schultz|first=E.J.|journal=[[Ad Age]]|date=October 5, 2020|page=6|volume=91|issue=19}}</ref>

Twitter went public in 2013 through an [[initial public offering]] (IPO). The IPO raised 1.8 billion USD.<ref name="CNBC short history" />

Line 62 ⟶ 79:

In September 2016, Twitter shares rose 20% after a report that it had received takeover approaches.<ref name="cnbc-salesforce-google">{{Cite web |last1=Faber |first1=David |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=Anita |date=September 23, 2016 |title=Twitter may soon get formal bid, suitors said to include Salesforce and Google |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/23/twitter-may-receive-formal-bid-shortly-suitors-said-to-include-salesforce-and-google.html |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal News Group]] |archive-date=December 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202211934/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/23/twitter-may-receive-formal-bid-shortly-suitors-said-to-include-salesforce-and-google.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Potential buyers were [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] (the parent company of [[Google]]),<ref name="cnbc-salesforce-google" /> [[Microsoft]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vielma |first=Antonio José |date=September 26, 2016 |title=Microsoft seen as possible Twitter suitor: Source |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/26/microsoft-seen-as-possible-twitter-bidder-source.html |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal News Group]] |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427150536/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/26/microsoft-seen-as-possible-twitter-bidder-source.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rodionova |first=Zlata |date=September 27, 2016 |title=Twitter sale: Disney and Microsoft join Google in list of potential bidders |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/twitter-sale-microsoft-disney-google-who-will-buy-social-media-site-a7332886.html |access-date=April 23, 2017 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602071418/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/twitter-sale-microsoft-disney-google-who-will-buy-social-media-site-a7332886.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nusca |first=Andrew |date=September 27, 2016 |title=Will Microsoft Buy Twitter? |url=http://fortune.com/2016/09/27/will-microsoft-buy-twitter/ |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427151252/http://fortune.com/2016/09/27/will-microsoft-buy-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Salesforce.com]],<ref name="cnbc-salesforce-google" /><ref name="tc-verizon">{{Cite web |last1=Lunden |first1=Ingrid |last2=Roof |first2=Katie |last3=Lynley |first3=Matthew |last4=Miller |first4=Ron |date=September 23, 2016 |title=Salesforce, Google, Microsoft, Verizon are all eyeing up a Twitter bid |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/23/salesforce-google-twitter/ |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |archive-date=May 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514075706/https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/23/salesforce-google-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]],<ref name="tc-verizon" /> and [[The Walt Disney Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sherman |first1=Alex |last2=Frier |first2=Sarah |date=September 26, 2016 |title=Disney Is Working With an Adviser on Potential Twitter Bid |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-26/disney-said-to-be-working-with-adviser-on-potential-twitter-bid |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=Bloomberg Markets |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |archive-date=May 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504101324/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-26/disney-said-to-be-working-with-adviser-on-potential-twitter-bid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Roof |first1=Katie |last2=Panzarino |first2=Matthew |date=September 26, 2016 |title=Yep, Disney is in talks with bankers about possible Twitter acquisition |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/26/yep-disney-is-in-talks-with-bankers-about-possible-twitter-acqisition/ |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506061817/https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/26/yep-disney-is-in-talks-with-bankers-about-possible-twitter-acqisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Twitter's board of directors were open to a deal, which could have come by the end of 2016.<ref name="cnbc-salesforce-google" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 23, 2016 |title=Twitter shares soar almost 20% on takeover talk |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37453242 |access-date=April 23, 2017 |archive-date=September 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927050958/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37453242 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, no deal was made, with reports in October stating that all the potential buyers dropped out partly due to concerns over abuse and harassment on the service.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sherman |first1=Alex |last2=Palmeri |first2=Christopher |last3=Frier |first3=Sarah |date=October 18, 2016 |title=Disney Dropped Twitter Pursuit Partly Over Image |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-17/disney-said-to-have-dropped-twitter-pursuit-partly-over-image |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=Bloomberg Technology |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |archive-date=April 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423153411/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-17/disney-said-to-have-dropped-twitter-pursuit-partly-over-image |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCormick |first=Rich |date=October 19, 2016 |title=Twitter's reputation for abuse is turning off potential suitors |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/19/13328380/twitter-abuse-disney-salesforce-bids-pulled |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=April 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424000928/http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/19/13328380/twitter-abuse-disney-salesforce-bids-pulled |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Rob |date=October 18, 2016 |title=Twitter's abuse problem is reportedly part of the reason Disney chose not to buy it |url=http://nordic.businessinsider.com/disney-twitter-acquisition-trolls-abuse-harassment-report-2016-10 |access-date=April 23, 2017 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |archive-date=April 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423151947/http://nordic.businessinsider.com/disney-twitter-acquisition-trolls-abuse-harassment-report-2016-10 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2017 Elon Musk first tweeted his interest in acquiring Twitter.<ref name="Guardian Musk-Twitter" >{{cite web |last1=Paul |first1=Kari |title=Chaotic and crass: a brief timeline of Elon Musk’s history with Twitter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/25/timeline-elon-musks-history-twitter |website=theguardian.com |publisher=The Guardian |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> In June 2017, Twitter revamped its dashboard to improve the new user experience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard |first=Anne |date=June 19, 2017 |title=Twitter Gets a New Look. Does it get it Right? |url=https://rprnmag.com/technology/twitter-gets-a-new-look-does-it-get-it-right/ |access-date=June 19, 2017 |website=RPRN Newsmagazine |publisher=RPRN News |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427150842/https://rprnmag.com/technology/twitter-gets-a-new-look-does-it-get-it-right/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Pierce |first=David |date=June 15, 2017 |title=Twitter Redesigned Itself to Make the Tweet Supreme Again |url=https://www.wired.com/story/twitter-redesigned-itself-to-make-the-tweet-supreme-again/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-date=November 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127141604/https://www.wired.com/story/twitter-redesigned-itself-to-make-the-tweet-supreme-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Vine was shut down in 2017.<ref name= "CNN 23" />

On April 29, 2018, the first commercial tweet from space was sent by [[Solstar]] utilizing solely commercial infrastructure during a [[New Shepard]] flight.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bogan |first=Ray |date=May 4, 2018 |title=Commercial space travelers will soon be able to send a tweet from space |url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/commercial-space-travelers-will-soon-be-able-to-send-a-tweet-from-space |access-date=February 24, 2023 |website=Fox News |language=en-US |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215513/https://www.foxnews.com/tech/commercial-space-travelers-will-soon-be-able-to-send-a-tweet-from-space |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2018, Twitter announced that tweet replies deemed by an algorithm to be detractive from the conversation would initially be hidden and only load by actuating a "Show more replies" element at the bottom.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Oremus |first1=Will |title=Twitter Will Start Hiding Tweets That "Detract From the Conversation" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2018/05/twitter-will-start-hiding-tweets-that-detract-from-the-conversation.html |website=Slate Magazine |date=May 15, 2018 |access-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608124457/https://slate.com/technology/2018/05/twitter-will-start-hiding-tweets-that-detract-from-the-conversation.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Moderation of terrorism and violent extremism on the platform was a significant challenge with Twitter suspending more than a million accounts on terrorism grounds from 2015-2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reisinger |first1=Don |title=Twitter Has Suspended 1.2 Million Terrorist Accounts Since 2015 |url=https://fortune.com/2018/04/05/twitter-terrorist-account-suspensions/ |website=fortune.com |publisher=Fortune |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref>

In May 2018, Twitter announced that tweet replies deemed by an algorithm to be detractive from the conversation would initially be hidden and only load by actuating a "Show more replies" element at the bottom.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Oremus |first1=Will |title=Twitter Will Start Hiding Tweets That "Detract From the Conversation" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2018/05/twitter-will-start-hiding-tweets-that-detract-from-the-conversation.html |website=Slate Magazine |date=May 15, 2018 |access-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608124457/https://slate.com/technology/2018/05/twitter-will-start-hiding-tweets-that-detract-from-the-conversation.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018 the tweet size limit was raised from 140 characters to 280 characters.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Perez |first1=Sarah |title=Twitter’s doubling of character count from 140 to 280 had little impact on length of tweets |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/10/30/twitters-doubling-of-character-count-from-140-to-280-had-little-impact-on-length-of-tweets/ |website=techcrunch.com |publisher=Tech Crunch |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> This change was trialed in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pardes |first1=Arielle |title=A Brief History of the Ever Expanding Tweet |url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-brief-history-of-the-ever-expanding-tweet/ |website=wired.com |publisher=Wired |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref>

In 2019, Twitter released another redesign of its user interface.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Like It or Not, You're Getting Twitter's Redesigned Website Soon |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/like-it-or-not-youre-getting-twitters-redesigned-website-soon |access-date=August 25, 2020 |website=PCMAG |archive-date=March 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317123902/https://www.pcmag.com/news/like-it-or-not-youre-getting-twitters-redesigned-website-soon |url-status=live }}</ref>

==2020-Musk acquisition ==

[[File:Donald_J_Trump_(realDonaldTrump)_Twitter_-_публикация_от_2020-05-26.png|right|thumb|The two tweets on May 26, 2020, from President Trump that Twitter had marked "potentially misleading" (inserting the blue warning icon and "Get the facts..." language) that led to the executive order]]Twitter experienced considerable growth during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Q2 2020 Letter to Shareholders, July 23, 2020, @TwitterIR |url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/826641620/files/doc_financials/2020/q2/Q2-2020-Shareholder-Letter.pdf |access-date=March 14, 2022 |publisher=Twitter |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022023311/https://s22.q4cdn.com/826641620/files/doc_financials/2020/q2/Q2-2020-Shareholder-Letter.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The platform also was increasingly used for [[Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic|misinformation related to the pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2020 |title=Full Page Reload |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org~~/tech-talk/telecom/internet~~/twitter-bots-are-spreading-massive-amounts-of-covid-19-misinformation |access-date=August 26, 2020 |website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News |archive-date=January 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103023130/https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/internet/twitter-bots-are-spreading-massive-amounts-of-covid-19-misinformation |url-status=live }}</ref> ~~Twitter~~This ~~started~~combination ~~marking~~posed ~~tweets~~a ~~which~~significant ~~contained~~challenge ~~misleading~~to ~~information~~Twitter, ~~and adding links to fact-checks.~~<ref ~~name="Roth-2020"~~>{{cite web |last1=~~Roth~~Ghaffary |first1=~~Yoel~~Shirin |last2=~~Pickles~~Heilweil |first2=~~Nick~~Rebecca |~~date~~title=~~May~~Facebook ~~11,~~doubles ~~2020~~down ~~|title=Updating~~on ~~our~~removing ~~Approach~~coronavirus toconspiracy ~~Misleading Information~~theories |url=https://~~blog~~www.~~twitter~~vox.com/~~en_us~~recode/~~topics~~2020/~~product~~1/~~2020~~31/~~updating~~21115589/coronavirus-~~our~~wuhan-~~approach~~china-tomyths-~~misleading~~hoaxes-~~information.html |access~~facebook-~~date=May 28, 2020 |publisher=Twitter |archive~~social-media-tiktok-twitter-~~date=February 28, 2021~~wechat |~~archive-url~~website=~~https://web.archive.org/web/20210228043728/https://blog.twitter~~vox.com~~/en_us/topics/product/2020/updating-our-approach-to-misleading-information.html~~ |~~url-status~~publisher=~~live~~ Vox}}</ref> as Ina ~~May~~result ~~2020,~~they ~~Twitter~~started ~~moderators marked two~~marking tweets ~~from~~which ~~U.S.~~contained ~~President~~misleading ~~[[Donald~~information, ~~Trump]]~~and asadding ~~"potentially misleading" and linked~~links to a fact-~~check~~checks.<ref name="Roth-2020">{{cite web |last1=~~Lybrand~~Roth |first1=~~Holmes~~Yoel |last2=~~Subramaniam~~Pickles |first2=~~Tara~~Nick |date=May 2711, 2020 |title=~~Fact-checking~~Updating ~~Trump's~~our ~~recent~~Approach ~~claims~~to ~~that~~Misleading ~~mail-in voting is rife with fraud~~Information |url=https://~~www~~blog.~~cnn~~twitter.com/~~2020~~en_us/05topics/27product/~~app-politics-section~~2020/~~donald~~updating-~~trump~~our-~~mail~~approach-into-~~voter~~misleading-~~fraud-fact-check/index~~information.html |access-date=May 28, 2020 |~~work~~publisher=~~[[CNN]]~~Twitter |archive-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/~~20210228053711~~20210228043728/https://~~www~~blog.~~cnn~~twitter.com/~~2020~~en_us/05topics/27product/~~app-politics-section~~2020/~~donald~~updating-~~trump~~our-~~mail~~approach-into-~~voter~~misleading-~~fraud-fact-check/index~~information.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ~~Trump responded by signing an executive order to weaken [[Section 230]] of the [[Communications Decency Act]], which limits social media sites' liability for content moderation decisions.~~<ref>{{cite ~~news~~web |last1=~~Allyn~~Paul |first1=~~Bobby |date=May 28, 2020~~Kari |title=~~Stung By~~ Twitter, ~~Trump~~targets ~~Signs~~Covid ~~Executive~~vaccine ~~Order~~misinformation Towith ~~Weaken~~labels ~~Social~~and ~~Media Companies |newspaper=NPR |publisher=National Public~~'strike' ~~Radio~~system |url=https://www.~~npr~~theguardian.~~org~~com/~~2020~~technology/052021/28mar/~~863932758~~01/~~stung-by-~~twitter-~~trump~~coronavirus-~~signs~~vaccine-~~executive~~misinformation-~~order-to-weaken-social-media-companies~~labels |~~access-date~~website=~~May 29, 2020~~theguardian.com |~~archive-date~~publisher=~~June~~The ~~28, 2020~~Guardian |~~archive~~access-~~url~~date=~~https://web.archive.org/web/20200628223529/https://www.npr.org/2020/05/~~28~~/863932758/stung-by-twitter-trump-signs-executive-order-to-weaken-social-media-companies~~ ~~|url-status=live~~November 2023}}</ref>~~<ref>{{cite~~ ~~web~~Twitter ~~|date=May~~was ~~28,~~not ~~2020~~always ~~|title=Trump~~successful ~~signs~~in ~~executive~~marking ~~order~~and/or ~~targeting~~removing ~~social~~misinformation ~~media~~and ~~companies~~on ~~|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/politics/trump-twitter-social-media-executive-order/index.html~~a ~~|access-date=May~~number ~~29,~~of ~~2020~~occasions ~~|website=CNN~~marked ~~|archive-date=February~~factual ~~13,~~information ~~2021~~as ~~|archive-url=https://web~~misinformation.~~archive.org/web/20210213142743/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/politics/trump-twitter-social-media-executive-order/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>~~<ref>{{cite ~~news~~web |last1=~~Conger~~Lorenz |first1=~~Kate |last2=Isaac |first2=Mike |date=May 28, 2020~~Taylor |title=~~Defying Trump,~~ Twitter ~~Doubles~~labeled ~~Down~~factual oninformation ~~Labeling~~about ~~Tweets~~covid-19 ~~|website=The~~as ~~New York Times~~misinformation |url=https://www.~~nytimes~~washingtonpost.com/~~2020~~technology/052022/2808/~~technology~~25/~~trump-~~twitter-~~fact~~factual-~~check.html |url~~covid-~~status=live |url~~info-~~access=subscription |access~~labeled-~~date=May 29, 2020~~misinformation/ |~~archive-url~~website=~~https://web.archive.org/web/20200528160018/https://www.nytimes~~washingtonpost.com~~/2020/05/28/technology/trump-twitter-fact-check.html~~ |~~archive-date~~publisher=~~May~~Washington 28, 2020}}</ref> Twitter later banned Trump, claiming that he violated "the glorification of violence policy".<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Twitter 'permanently suspends' Trump's account |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55597840Post |access-date=28 November ~~6, 2022 |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608185025/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55597840 |url-status=live~~ 2023}}</ref> ~~The ban drew criticism from conservatives~~COVID and ~~European~~Twitter ~~leaders,~~also ~~who~~presented ~~saw~~[[science itcommunicators]] aswith ana ~~interference~~mix onof ~~freedom~~challenges ofand ~~speech~~opportunities.<ref ~~name="Jennen-2021"~~>{{cite ~~news~~web |~~date~~last1=~~January~~Brainard ~~11, 2021~~|first1=Jefferey |title=~~Germany~~RIDING ~~and~~THE ~~France~~TWITTER ~~Oppose Trump's Twitter Exile |newspaper=Bloomberg.com~~WAVE |url=https://www.~~bloomberg~~science.~~com~~org/~~news~~content/~~articles~~article/~~2021~~twitter-01transformed-~~11/merkel~~science-~~sees~~communication-~~closing~~pandemic-~~trump~~will-~~s-social-media-accounts-problematic~~last |~~access-date~~website=~~January 11, 2021~~science.org |~~quote~~publisher='The chancellor sees the complete closing down of the account of an elected president as problematic,' Steffen Seibert, her chief spokesman, said at a regular news conference in Berlin. Rights like the freedom of speech 'can be interfered with, but by law and within the framework defined by the legislature – not according to a corporate decision.'Science |~~archive~~access-date=~~March~~28 ~~26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326014432/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/merkel-sees-closing-trump-s-social-media-accounts-problematic |url-status=live~~November 2023}}</ref>

In May 2020, Twitter moderators marked two tweets from U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] as "potentially misleading" and linked to a fact-check.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lybrand |first1=Holmes |last2=Subramaniam |first2=Tara |date=May 27, 2020 |title=Fact-checking Trump's recent claims that mail-in voting is rife with fraud |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/app-politics-section/donald-trump-mail-in-voter-fraud-fact-check/index.html |access-date=May 28, 2020 |work=[[CNN]] |archive-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228053711/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/27/app-politics-section/donald-trump-mail-in-voter-fraud-fact-check/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump responded by signing an executive order to weaken [[Section 230]] of the [[Communications Decency Act]], which limits social media sites' liability for content moderation decisions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allyn |first1=Bobby |date=May 28, 2020 |title=Stung By Twitter, Trump Signs Executive Order To Weaken Social Media Companies |newspaper=NPR |publisher=National Public Radio |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/28/863932758/stung-by-twitter-trump-signs-executive-order-to-weaken-social-media-companies |access-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-date=June 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628223529/https://www.npr.org/2020/05/28/863932758/stung-by-twitter-trump-signs-executive-order-to-weaken-social-media-companies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=May 28, 2020 |title=Trump signs executive order targeting social media companies |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/politics/trump-twitter-social-media-executive-order/index.html |access-date=May 29, 2020 |website=CNN |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213142743/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/politics/trump-twitter-social-media-executive-order/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Conger |first1=Kate |last2=Isaac |first2=Mike |date=May 28, 2020 |title=Defying Trump, Twitter Doubles Down on Labeling Tweets |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/28/technology/trump-twitter-fact-check.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528160018/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/28/technology/trump-twitter-fact-check.html |archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> Twitter later banned Trump, claiming that he violated "the glorification of violence policy".<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Twitter 'permanently suspends' Trump's account |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55597840 |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608185025/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55597840 |url-status=live }}</ref> The ban drew criticism from [[Conservatives in the United States|American conservatives]] and European leaders, who saw it as an interference on freedom of speech.<ref name="Jennen-2021">{{cite news |date=January 11, 2021 |title=Germany and France Oppose Trump's Twitter Exile |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/merkel-sees-closing-trump-s-social-media-accounts-problematic |access-date=January 11, 2021 |quote='The chancellor sees the complete closing down of the account of an elected president as problematic,' Steffen Seibert, her chief spokesman, said at a regular news conference in Berlin. Rights like the freedom of speech 'can be interfered with, but by law and within the framework defined by the legislature – not according to a corporate decision.' |archive-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326014432/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/merkel-sees-closing-trump-s-social-media-accounts-problematic |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020 [[Zhao Lijian]] pushed conspiracy theories about the pandemic on Twitter, which is [[Internet censorship in China|blocked in mainland China]] but is used as a [[public diplomacy]] tool by Chinese officials to promote the Chinese government and defend it from criticism.<ref name="CNNChineseDiplomat" /> China's ambassador to South Africa also made these claims on Twitter.<ref name="RoginPost" /><ref name="20200328voanews">{{Cite news|last1=Yuwen|first1=Cheng|last2=Zhan|first2=Qiao|date=28 March 2020|title=US Pushes Back Against Russian, Chinese, Iranian Coronavirus Disinformation|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|url=https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-pushes-back-against-russian-chinese-iranian-coronavirus-disinformation|access-date=28 March 2020|name-list-style=vanc|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328142235/https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-pushes-back-against-russian-chinese-iranian-coronavirus-disinformation|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2020, Twitter placed fact-check labels on two of the Chinese government tweets which had falsely suggested that the virus originated in the US and was brought to China by the Americans.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fernandez|first1=Marisa|title=Twitter fact-checks Chinese official's claims that coronavirus originated in U.S.|url=https://www.axios.com/twitter-fact-checks-chinese-official-27762aac-153b-4b77-ad63-75826fe04eb3.html|access-date=1 June 2020|website=www.axios.com|date=28 May 2020|publisher=Axios|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603113436/https://www.axios.com/twitter-fact-checks-chinese-official-27762aac-153b-4b77-ad63-75826fe04eb3.html|url-status=live}}</ref>▼

▲In 2020, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson [[Zhao Lijian]] pushed conspiracy theories about the pandemic on Twitter, which is [[Internet censorship in China|blocked in mainland China]] but is used as a [[public diplomacy]] tool by Chinese officials to promote the Chinese government and defend it from criticism.<ref name="CNNChineseDiplomat">{{cite news|last1=Westcott|first1=Ben|last2=Jiang|first2=Steven|date=13 March 2020|title=Chinese diplomat promotes conspiracy theory that US military brought coronavirus to Wuhan|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/13/asia/china-coronavirus-us-lijian-zhao-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318182148/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/13/asia/china-coronavirus-us-lijian-zhao-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2020|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> China's ambassador to South Africa also made these claims on Twitter.~~<ref name="RoginPost" />~~<ref name="20200328voanews">{{Cite news|last1=Yuwen|first1=Cheng|last2=Zhan|first2=Qiao|date=28 March 2020|title=US Pushes Back Against Russian, Chinese, Iranian Coronavirus Disinformation|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|url=https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-pushes-back-against-russian-chinese-iranian-coronavirus-disinformation|access-date=28 March 2020|name-list-style=vanc|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328142235/https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-pushes-back-against-russian-chinese-iranian-coronavirus-disinformation|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2020, Twitter placed fact-check labels on two of the Chinese government tweets which had falsely suggested that the virus originated in the US and was brought to China by the Americans.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fernandez|first1=Marisa|title=Twitter fact-checks Chinese official's claims that coronavirus originated in U.S.|url=https://www.axios.com/twitter-fact-checks-chinese-official-27762aac-153b-4b77-ad63-75826fe04eb3.html|access-date=1 June 2020|website=www.axios.com|date=28 May 2020|publisher=Axios|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603113436/https://www.axios.com/twitter-fact-checks-chinese-official-27762aac-153b-4b77-ad63-75826fe04eb3.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2021, [[Hua Chunying]] renewed the conspiracy theory from Zhao that the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus originated in the [[United States]] from the U.S. military biology laboratory [[Fort Detrick]]. Hua continued to refer to it on Twitter, while asking the government of the United States to open up Fort Detrick for further investigation to determine if it is the source of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Li|first=Jane|title=China's gift for the Biden inauguration is a conspiracy theory about Covid-19's US origins|url=https://qz.com/1959825/china-renews-its-push-on-a-conspiracy-theory-about-covid-19/|access-date=21 January 2021|website=Quartz|date=20 January 2021 |language=en|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220164052/https://qz.com/1959825/china-renews-its-push-on-a-conspiracy-theory-about-covid-19/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian Davidson">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/20/china-revives-conspiracy-theory-of-us-army-link-to-covid|title=China revives conspiracy theory of US army link to Covid|first=Helen|last=Davidson|newspaper=The Guardian |date=20 January 2021|via=www.theguardian.com|access-date=24 January 2021|archive-date=13 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313130121/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/20/china-revives-conspiracy-theory-of-us-army-link-to-covid|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2021, Twitter announced that it was establishing its African headquarters in [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Establishing Twitter's presence in Africa |url=https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/establishing-twitter-s-presence-in-africa.html |access-date=April 13, 2021 |website=blog.twitter.com |language=en-us |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413002145/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/establishing-twitter-s-presence-in-africa.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 24, 2021 |title=Ghana basks in Twitter's surprise choice as Africa HQ |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56860658 |access-date=April 25, 2021 |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425000656/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56860658 |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 5, 2021, the [[Nigeria]]n government issued an [[Ban of Twitter in Nigeria|indefinite ban]] on Twitter usage in the country, citing "misinformation and fake news spread through it have had real world violent consequences",<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2021 |title=Nigeria's Twitter ban: Government orders prosecution of violators |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57368535 |access-date=June 20, 2021 |website=BBC News |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111202352/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57368535 |url-status=live }}</ref> after the platform removed tweets made by the Nigerian President [[Muhammadu Buhari]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nigeria suspends Twitter after the social media platform freezes president's account |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/04/nigeria-suspends-twitter-buhari/ |access-date=June 20, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=December 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205012027/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/04/nigeria-suspends-twitter-buhari/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nigeria's ban was criticized by [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ohuocha |first=Chijioke |date=June 5, 2021 |title=Nigerian telecoms firms suspend access to Twitter |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-telecoms-firms-suspend-twitter-access-2021-06-05/ |access-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611094311/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-telecoms-firms-suspend-twitter-access-2021-06-05/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

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In 2021, Twitter began the research phase of [[Bluesky (protocol)|Bluesky]], an [[Open-source software|open source]] decentralized social media protocol where users can choose which algorithmic curation they want.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=February 10, 2021 |title=Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey On Section 230, Transparency, Appeals And Twitter Turning 15 |work=Deadline |url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-tougher-regs-would-hurt-all-internet-not-just-social-media-mum-on-facebook-google-antitrust-woes-focused-on-transparency-appeals-1234691610/ |access-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306013212/https://deadline.com/2021/02/twitter-ceo-jack-dorsey-tougher-regs-would-hurt-all-internet-not-just-social-media-mum-on-facebook-google-antitrust-woes-focused-on-transparency-appeals-1234691610/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Matney |first=Lucas |date=January 15, 2021 |title=Twitter's decentralized future |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/twitters-vision-of-decentralization-could-also-be-the-far-rights-internet-endgame/ |access-date=November 6, 2022 |website=TechCrunch |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629004405/https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/15/twitters-vision-of-decentralization-could-also-be-the-far-rights-internet-endgame/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, Twitter also released Twitter Spaces, a social audio feature;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Salvador |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Twitter launches Spaces live-audio rooms to all users with more than 600 followers |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/03/twitter-launches-spaces-live-audio-rooms-to-all-users.html |access-date=August 10, 2021 |website=CNBC |archive-date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723023831/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/03/twitter-launches-spaces-live-audio-rooms-to-all-users.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyons |first=Kim |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Twitter will now let anyone with 600 or more followers host its audio Spaces on mobile |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/3/22413033/twitter-spaces-android-ios-ticket-schedule-clubhouse-captions |access-date=August 10, 2021 |website=The Verge |archive-date=August 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810174034/https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/3/22413033/twitter-spaces-android-ios-ticket-schedule-clubhouse-captions |url-status=live }}</ref> "super follows", a way to subscribe to creators for exclusive content;<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Twitter launches subscription-based feature "super follows" |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/twitter-launches-subscription-based-feature-super-follows-2021-09-01/ |access-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215513/https://www.reuters.com/technology/twitter-launches-subscription-based-feature-super-follows-2021-09-01/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a beta of "ticketed Spaces", which makes access to certain audio rooms paid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2021 |last=Robertson |first=Adi |title=Twitter is opening applications to test Ticketed Spaces and Super Follows |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/22/22545167/twitter-opens-super-follows-ticketed-spaces-new-feature-test-application-ios-android |access-date=June 23, 2021 |website=The Verge |archive-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701020609/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/22/22545167/twitter-opens-super-follows-ticketed-spaces-new-feature-test-application-ios-android |url-status=live }}</ref> Twitter unveiled a redesign in August 2021, with adjusted colors and a new Chirp font, which improves the left-alignment of most Western languages.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.engadget.com/twitter-redesign-chirp-202504463.html | title = Twitter rolls out redesign with proprietary Chirp font | first = Igor | last = Bonifac | date = August 11, 2021 | access-date = August 11, 2021 | work = [[Engadget]] | archive-date = August 13, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210813012423/https://www.engadget.com/twitter-redesign-chirp-202504463.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

In June 2022, Twitter announced a partnership with e-commerce giant [[Shopify]], and its plans to launch a sales channel app for U.S. Shopify merchants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Twitter partners with Shopify to bring merchants' products to Twitter Shopping |url=https://~~social.~~techcrunch.com/2022/06/22/twitter-partners-with-shopify-to-bring-merchants-products-to-twitter-shopping/ |access-date=June 23, 2022 |website=TechCrunch |date=June 22, 2022 |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629141808/https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/22/twitter-partners-with-shopify-to-bring-merchants-products-to-twitter-shopping/ |url-status=~~dead~~live }}</ref>

On August 23, 2022, the contents of a whistleblower complaint by former information security head [[Peiter Zatko]] to the United States Congress were published. Zatko had been fired by Twitter in January 2022. The complaint alleges that Twitter failed to disclose several data breaches, had negligent security measures, violated [[United States securities regulation]]s, and broke the terms of a previous settlement with the [[Federal Trade Commission]] over the safeguarding of user data. The report also claims that the Indian government forced Twitter to hire one of its agents to gain direct access to user data.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=James |title=Twitter's former security chief says company lied about bots and safety |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/23/23317857/twitter-whistleblower-zatko-security-spam-safety |publisher=The Verge |date=August 23, 2022 |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825213713/https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/23/23317857/twitter-whistleblower-zatko-security-spam-safety |url-status=live }}</ref>

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== Acquisition by Elon Musk==

[[File:UK Government hosts AI Summit at Bletchley Park (53302927869).jpg|thumb|Elon Musk in 2023 at an AI Summit at Bletchley Park]]

{{excerpt|Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk|templates=0Cite web|files=0}}

=== Post-acquisition ===

A week after the takeover, Musk revamped Twitter Blue, increasing its price to $8 per month and adding new features, including the "[[Twitter verification|blue checkmark]]" verification that had previously been reserved for high-profile confirmed users. This plan was criticized by several outlets, fearing that the potential for misinformation would increase since anyone could pay to appear to be verified through Twitter Blue. Musk opted to delay the changes to blue checkmarks until after the [[2022 United States elections]] over these concerns and stated that accounts that were faking identities, outside of parody accounts, would be terminated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/06/tech/twitter-verification-delay-midterms/index.html |title=Twitter delays $8 'blue check' verification plan until after the midterms |first1=Jennifer |last1=Korn |first2=Donie |last2=O'Sullivan |date=November 6, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2022 |work=[[CNN]] |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108173944/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/06/tech/twitter-verification-delay-midterms/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the takeover, various brands and companies paused advertising on the platform.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=November 11, 2022 |title=A day of chaos brings Twitter closer to the brink |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/11/tech/twitter-chaos-musk/index.html |access-date=November 13, 2022 |website=CNN |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113010802/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/11/tech/twitter-chaos-musk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2022, Twitter finalized the sale of MoPub to [[AppLovin]]. The deal was first announced in October 2021, and the selling price was reported at $1.05 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=January 3, 2022 |title=Twitter completes sale of MoPub to AppLovin for $1.05 billion |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/03/twitter-completes-sale-of-mopub-to-applovin-for-1-05-billion/ |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=January 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104033624/https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/03/twitter-completes-sale-of-mopub-to-applovin-for-1-05-billion/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2022, Musk provided internal documentation to a number of independent journalists and writers including [[Matt Taibbi]], [[Bari Weiss]] and [[Michael Shellenberger]] which was then publicly disseminated through a series of posts known as the "[[Twitter Files]]". The files describe internal discussion as related to Twitter's moderation steps in events such as the breaking of the [[Hunter Biden laptop controversy]], [[shadow banning]] of some conservative commentators' accounts, and the decision to block Trump. While some on the right saw the documents as evidence of Twitter's liberal bias and hostility to free speech, many people on the left described them as a reflection of how difficult it is for social media platforms to make tough decisions about content moderation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/04/business/media/elon-musk-twitter-matt-taibbi.html |title=Elon Musk, Matt Taibbi, and a Very Modern Media Maelstrom |first=Michael |last=Grynbaum |date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=December 9, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113154157/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/04/business/media/elon-musk-twitter-matt-taibbi.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3770483-american-author-michael-shellenberger-releases-twitter-files-part-4/ |title=American author Michael Shellenberger releases 'Twitter Files Part 4' |first=Chloe |last=Folmar |date=December 10, 2022 |access-date=December 11, 2022 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |archive-date=December 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015337/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3770483-american-author-michael-shellenberger-releases-twitter-files-part-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="alJazeeraDec7">{{cite news |date=December 7, 2022 |title=Musk says Twitter lawyer fired amid Hunter Biden laptop dispute |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/12/7/musk-says-twitter-lawyer-fired-amid-hunter-biden-laptop-storm |access-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122044502/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/12/7/musk-says-twitter-lawyer-fired-amid-hunter-biden-laptop-storm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Twitter accounts of a number of journalists were [[December 2022 Twitter suspensions|permanently suspended]] on December 15, 2022. These journalists, including [[Mashable]]'s Matt Binder, Aaron Rupar, Ryan Mac of ''[[The New York Times]]'', and [[CNN]]'s Donie O'Sullivan, had covered Twitter and recently had written articles about Musk's takeover. Several of the reporters had tweeted about the controversy over Musk's banning of [[ElonJet]] and other accounts which track private jets.<ref name=VergeJournalistsBanned>[https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/15/23512004/elon-musk-starts-banning-critical-journalists-from-twitter Elon Musk starts banning critical journalists from Twitter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216011749/https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/15/23512004/elon-musk-starts-banning-critical-journalists-from-twitter |date=December 16, 2022 }}. [[The Verge]], December 15, 2022</ref><ref name="CNNJournalistsBanned">[https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/15/media/twitter-musk-journalists-hnk-intl/index.html Elon Musk's Twitter bans accounts of CNN, NYT, WaPo journalists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216014051/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/15/media/twitter-musk-journalists-hnk-intl/index.html|date=December 16, 2022}}. [[Oliver Darcy]], [[CNN]], December 15, 2022</ref> In response, Twitter Head of Trust and Safety Ella Irwin told ''[[The Verge]]'' that "we will suspend any accounts that violate our privacy policies and put other users at risk".<ref>[https://twitter.com/alexeheath/status/1603571850709045249 "Re: the banning of reporters who have tweeted about Elon Musk's jet, Twitter's head of trust & safety Ella Irwin tells me: 'Without commenting on any specific accounts, I can confirm that we will suspend any accounts that violate our privacy policies and put other users at risk.'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216021358/https://twitter.com/alexeheath/status/1603571850709045249 |date=December 16, 2022 }} Alex Heath, Twitter, December 15, 2022</ref> Binder denied violating any of Twitter's policies, saying: "I did not share any location data, as per Twitter's new terms. Nor did I share any links to ElonJet or other location tracking accounts."<ref name=APJournalistsBanned>[https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-technology-business-dac21de7abb6167bb604f5317aeda10a Twitter suspends journalists who wrote about owner Elon Musk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216070102/https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-technology-business-dac21de7abb6167bb604f5317aeda10a |date=December 16, 2022 }}. [[Associated Press]], December 15, 2022</ref> [[European Union]] (EU) commissioner [[Vera Jourova]] stated that the EU [[Digital Services Act]] insists on media freedom. Jourova stated: "Elon Musk should be aware of that. There are red lines. And sanctions, soon."<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-63996061 Twitter threatened with EU sanctions over journalists' ban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216124743/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-63996061 |date=December 16, 2022 }} ''[[BBC]]''</ref> On December 17, 2022, several banned journalists' accounts were reinstated.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-64010202 Twitter reinstates banned journalists' accounts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217092747/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-64010202 |date=December 17, 2022 }} ''[[BBC]]''</ref>

On December 18, 2022, Twitter announced that it was banning users linking to what was referred to as "prohibited platforms" including [[Facebook]], [[Mastodon (social network)|Mastodon]], [[Instagram]] and [[Truth Social]], as well as third party link aggregators such as [[Linktree]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2022 |title=Twitter bans linking to Facebook, Instagram, other rivals |url=https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-twitter-inc-technology-business-8dac8ae023444ef9c37ca1d8fe1c14df |access-date=December 18, 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218133947/https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-twitter-inc-technology-business-8dac8ae023444ef9c37ca1d8fe1c14df |url-status=live }}</ref> Six hours after his announcement, Musk tweeted: "Going forward, there will be a vote for major policy changes. My apologies. Won't happen again." It is unclear if the earlier policy will be reversed. He also tweeted a poll asking users if he should remain as head of Twitter promising to abide by its results,<ref>{{Cite web |title='Should I step down as head of Twitter?' asks Musk on Twitter |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/others/should-i-step-down-as-head-of-twitter-asks-musk-on-twitter20221219052745/ |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219001354/https://www.aninews.in/news/world/others/should-i-step-down-as-head-of-twitter-asks-musk-on-twitter20221219052745/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brandon |first=John |title=Elon Musk Just Started A Poll Asking Whether He Should Step Down As Head Of Twitter |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnbbrandon/2022/12/18/elon-musk-just-started-a-poll-asking-whether-he-should-step-down-as-head-of-twitter/ |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218235807/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnbbrandon/2022/12/18/elon-musk-just-started-a-poll-asking-whether-he-should-step-down-as-head-of-twitter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in which 57.5% of the 17.5m votes were in favour of him stepping down.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 19, 2022 |title=Will Elon Musk's ultimatum cost him Twitter? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-64003232 |access-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219172149/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-64003232 |url-status=live }}</ref> On December 20, 2022, Musk announced he would step down as CEO once a replacement had been found, and that he would then run the software and servers teams.<ref name="Miller-2022">{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Monica |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Elon Musk to quit as Twitter CEO when replacement found |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64037261 |access-date=December 21, 2022 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317191421/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64037261 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Linda Yaccarino]] resigned from NBCUniversal on May 12, 2023, and on the same day Musk announced that Yaccarino would be the new chief executive officer of X Corp. and Twitter.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lillian Rizzo |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Elon Musk confirms Twitter CEO hire: Linda Yaccarino |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/12/nbcuniversal-ad-chief-yaccarino-resigns-as-sources-say-shes-in-talks-to-be-twitter-ceo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512151421/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/12/nbcuniversal-ad-chief-yaccarino-resigns-as-sources-say-shes-in-talks-to-be-twitter-ceo.html |archive-date=May 12, 2023 |accessdate=May 12, 2023 |publisher=Cnbc.com}}</ref>

Since the acquisition, Twitter's stability has been called into question, with reports that Musk had "disconnected one of the more sensitive server racks" in a data center used by Twitter, just before a large-scale outage of the platform occurred in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Conger |first=Kate |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Twitter Users Report Widespread Service Interruptions |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/technology/twitter-outages.html |access-date=January 20, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119055555/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/technology/twitter-outages.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, many alternative third-party Twitter clients including [[Tweetbot]], stopped working without warning and without any apparent explanation from the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Mitchell |date=January 13, 2023 |title=Twitter apps are still broken and Musk is still silent |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/13/23553161/third-party-twitter-clients-apps-outage-twitterific-tweetbot |access-date=January 20, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120065650/https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/13/23553161/third-party-twitter-clients-apps-outage-twitterific-tweetbot |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, Twitter announced it was "enforcing long-standing API rules" and retroactively changed its Developer Terms of Service afterward to justify its unannounced banning of third-party Twitter clients.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/22/23564460/twitter-third-party-apps-history-contributions | title=The third-party apps Twitter just killed made the site what it is today | date=January 22, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2023 | archive-date=January 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122171834/https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/22/23564460/twitter-third-party-apps-history-contributions | url-status=live }}</ref>

~~[[File:Linda Yaccarino by James Tamim (cropped).png|thumb|[[Linda Yaccarino]], current CEO of Twitter]]~~

On March 23, 2023, Twitter announced that "legacy" verification badges would be removed starting on April 1: this date passed with no change before Twitter and Musk both announced (at different dates) that the removal date for checkmarks from non-paying accounts was April 20.<ref>{{Cite tweet|url=https://twitter.com/verified/status/1648764138452299778|user=verified|title=Tomorrow, 4/20, we are removing legacy verified checkmarks. To remain verified on Twitter, individuals can sign up for Twitter Blue here: Organizations can sign up for Verified Organizations here:|number=1648764138452299778}}</ref> The only way to acquire a blue checkmark would be through the paid Twitter Blue subscription.<ref name="Spangler-2023">{{cite web |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |title=Twitter to Revoke 'Legacy' Verified Badges in April, Leaving Only Paying Subscribers With Blue Check-Marks |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/twitter-revokes-legacy-verification-blue-checkmarks-april-1235561515/ |website=Variety |date=March 23, 2023 |access-date=March 24, 2023 |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330193235/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/twitter-revokes-legacy-verification-blue-checkmarks-april-1235561515/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of mid-April, Twitter no longer allows searching tweets without an account.<ref>{{cite web |title=The login prompt for Twitter Search has returned just months after Elon Musk wanted it gone |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/the-login-prompt-for-twitter-search-has-returned-just-months-after-elon-musk-wanted-it-gone/ |website=Neowin |access-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-date=July 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705010720/https://www.neowin.net/news/the-login-prompt-for-twitter-search-has-returned-just-months-after-elon-musk-wanted-it-gone/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter search is now only available to registered users |url=https://mashable.com/article/twitter-search-registered |website=Mashable |date=April 27, 2023 |access-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703001805/https://mashable.com/article/twitter-search-registered |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 30, 2023, Twitter blocked unregistered users from viewing tweets or profiles on the platform. This not only blocked unregistered users from accessing tweets, but it also prevented search engines from indexing its pages, resulting in a loss of over half of its indexed URLs in the past few days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter didn't just block unregistered users, it blocked Google Search |url=https://searchengineland.com/twitter-didnt-just-block-unregistered-users-it-blocked-google-search-428943 |website=searchengineland |date=July 3, 2023 |access-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722185510/https://searchengineland.com/twitter-didnt-just-block-unregistered-users-it-blocked-google-search-428943 |url-status=live }}</ref> Musk described the change as a "temporary emergency measure" on his own profile, blaming "several hundred organizations" for scraping data from the site.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=June 30, 2023 |title=Twitter has started blocking unregistered users |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/6/30/23779764/twitter-blocks-unregistered-users-account-tweets |access-date=June 30, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=June 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630144648/https://www.theverge.com/2023/6/30/23779764/twitter-blocks-unregistered-users-account-tweets |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter now blocks visitors from viewing tweets, and profiles unless they're logged in |url=https://sea.mashable.com/tech/24669/twitter-now-blocks-visitors-from-viewing-tweets-and-profiles-unless-theyre-logged-in |website=Mashable |date=June 30, 2023 |access-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703010027/https://sea.mashable.com/tech/24669/twitter-now-blocks-visitors-from-viewing-tweets-and-profiles-unless-theyre-logged-in |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day further measures were implemented with temporary limits to the amount of tweets a user can see per day, with verified users having 6,000, unverified users having 600 and newly created users having 300.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 1, 2023 |title=Twitter temporarily restricts tweets users can see |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-66077195 |access-date=July 1, 2023 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701174439/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-66077195 |url-status=live }}</ref> This limit was later increased to 8,000 for verified users, 800 for unverified users, and 400 for new accounts.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2023 |title=Thousands of Twitter users report problems accessing site as Elon Musk says new limits have been installed |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/thousands-users-report-problems-accessing-twitter-met-rate-limit-excee-rcna92188 |access-date=July 2, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701233115/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/thousands-users-report-problems-accessing-twitter-met-rate-limit-excee-rcna92188 |url-status=live }}</ref> Around three hours after this announcement, the limit was once again raised to 10,000 for verified users, 1,000 for unverified users, and 500 for new accounts.<ref name="nbcnews.com"/> After July 4, Twitter removed the block for unregistered users to view tweets and profiles; however, the ability to view threads and more than one tweet in a single page still requires an account.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter silently removes login requirement for viewing tweets |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/05/twitter-silently-removes-login-requirement-for-viewing-tweets/ |website=Techcrunch |date=July 5, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713002226/https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/05/twitter-silently-removes-login-requirement-for-viewing-tweets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Analysis conducted by research firm Sensor Tower found that global active daily users of X via mobile apps had steadily declined during the year after Musk acquired the company, down 16% by September 2023, while the metric showed positive growth for five other major social media platforms.<ref>{{cite news |title=X's Tumultuous First Year Under Elon Musk, in Charts |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/xs-tumultuous-first-year-under-elon-musk-in-charts-71656f81 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 25, 2023 |author1=Alexa Corse |author2=Nate Rattner |access-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026222100/https://www.wsj.com/tech/xs-tumultuous-first-year-under-elon-musk-in-charts-71656f81 |url-status=live }}</ref>

~~====Rebrand to X====~~

~~[[File:X logo 2023 original.svg|thumb|150px|left|Initial logo of X]]~~

Following Twitter's change in ownership, speculations of an upcoming [[rebrand]] began as Musk began referring to the platform as "X/Twitter"<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1681461754071601153|user=elonmusk|title=Great work by the X/Twitter team|first=Elon Reeve|last=Musk|author-link=Elon Musk|access-date=July 30, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1681307045277093891|user=elonmusk|title=Using your own inline ads is fine for now, until X/Twitter can offer this|first=Elon Reeve|last=Musk|author-link=Elon Musk|access-date=July 30, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1674694809036922882|user=elonmusk|title=Subscribe to X/Twitter Blue|first=Elon Reeve|last=Musk|author-link=Elon Musk|access-date=July 30, 2023}}</ref> and "X (Twitter)",<ref>{{Cite web |title=xAI: Understand the Universe |url=https://x.ai/ |access-date=July 30, 2023 |website=[[xAI (company)|x.ai]] |language=en |archive-date=July 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730202958/https://x.ai/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and renamed several features, including Birdwatch to [[Community Notes]]<ref name="Biron-2022">{{Cite web |last=Biron |first=Bethany |title=Elon Musk said Twitter's Birdwatch feature will be renamed 'Community Notes' and is aimed at 'improving information accuracy' amid growing content-moderation concerns |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/musk-renames-birdwatch-community-notes-touts-improving-accuracy-2022-11 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> and Quote Tweets to Quotes.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1612948317390139393|user=PopCrave|title=Twitter's latest UI change has renamed 'Quote Tweets' to 'Quotes,' and moved tweet views to a different row. The device a user is tweeting from is also visible again.|author-link=Pop Crave|access-date=July 30, 2023}}</ref> On July 23, 2023, Musk teased that the platform would receive a rebrand,<ref>{{Cite tweet |first=Elon Reeve |last=Musk |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1682964919325724673 |date=July 23, 2023 |title=And soon we shall bid adieu to the twitter brand and, gradually, all the birds |access-date=August 25, 2023}}</ref> beginning with a new logo based around the letter X. He later tweeted that if he found a logo, the rebrand would be implemented the next day. Subsequently, he tweeted a video of the Twitter logo glitching into an abstract X logo.<ref>{{Cite tweet |first=Elon Reeve |last=Musk |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1682978324375543808 |date=July 23, 2023 |title=From Sawyer Merritt |access-date=August 25, 2023}}</ref>

Later that day, Musk confirmed the rebrand, which started when the [[X.com (bank)|x.com]] domain (formerly associated with PayPal) began redirecting to Twitter;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Wes |date=July 23, 2023 |title=Twitter's rebrand to X may actually be happening soon |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/23/23804629/twitters-rebrand-to-x-may-actually-be-happening-soon |access-date=July 23, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=October 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013162439/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/23/23804629/twitters-rebrand-to-x-may-actually-be-happening-soon |url-status=live }}</ref> the logo was changed from the bird to the X the next day,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Twitter changes logo to 'X', replacing blue bird symbol. |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/23/elon-musk-says-he-will-change-twitters-blue-bird-logo-to-an-x |access-date=July 24, 2023 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724022444/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/23/elon-musk-says-he-will-change-twitters-blue-bird-logo-to-an-x |url-status=live }}</ref> and the platform's official main and associated accounts also began using the letter X within their handles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roth |first1=Emma |title=Elon Musk just changed Twitter's logo again — sort of |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/25/23807418/twitter-x-logo-design-change-elon-musk |access-date=July 25, 2023 |work=The Verge |date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725203202/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/25/23807418/twitter-x-logo-design-change-elon-musk |url-status=live }}</ref> The @x handle was originally owned by photographer Gene X Hwang, who registered it in 2007. Hwang had expressed willingness to sell the handle, but received an email on July 25, 2023, stating that the company was taking it. He was offered some X merchandise and a meeting with the company's leaders, but no financial benefits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Titcomb |first=James |date=July 26, 2023 |title='They just took it': Elon Musk takes over @x Twitter account without paying owner |work=[[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/07/26/x-twitter-handle-account-owner-not-paid-elon-musk-rebrand/ |access-date=July 26, 2023 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726094318/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/07/26/x-twitter-handle-account-owner-not-paid-elon-musk-rebrand/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app's name and icon were changed to X on [[Google Play]] by July 27; the same change went live on the [[App Store (iOS/iPadOS)|App Store]] on July 31 after Apple granted an exception to its minimum character length of 2.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/x-corp/twitter/twitter-10-0-0-beta-0-release/twitter-10-0-0-beta-0-android-apk-download/ | title=X (Previously Twitter) 10.0.0-beta.0 (Arm64-v8a) (480-640dpi) (Android 6.0+) APK Download by X Corp | access-date=August 9, 2023 | archive-date=July 30, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730204542/https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/x-corp/twitter/twitter-10-0-0-beta-0-release/twitter-10-0-0-beta-0-android-apk-download/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/x-corp/twitter/twitter-10-0-0-release-0-release/twitter-10-0-0-release-0-android-apk-download/ | title=X (Previously Twitter) 10.0.0-release.0 (Nodpi) (Android 6.0+) APK Download by X Corp | access-date=August 9, 2023 | archive-date=July 30, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730204547/https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/x-corp/twitter/twitter-10-0-0-release-0-release/twitter-10-0-0-release-0-android-apk-download/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/31/23813883/twitter-x-ios-app-store-iphone-apple-elon-musk | title=Twitter gets special permission to be 'X' in the iOS App Store | date=July 31, 2023 | access-date=July 31, 2023 | archive-date=July 31, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731152819/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/31/23813883/twitter-x-ios-app-store-iphone-apple-elon-musk | url-status=live }}</ref> Around that time, some more elements of the Twitter branding were removed from the web version, including tweets being renamed to "posts".<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2023 |title=As Musk renames Twitter to X; 'Tweets' now 'posts', 'retweets' become 'reposts': Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/twitter-latest-news-elon-musk-x-tweet-to-be-called-post-101690642819088.html |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813172330/https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/twitter-latest-news-elon-musk-x-tweet-to-be-called-post-101690642819088.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The App Store tagline was changed from "Let's talk." to "Blaze your glory!"<ref name="Rivera 2023 q678">{{cite web | last=Rivera | first=Gabriel | title=Twitter's got a new tagline — and it sounds like something an aging rock band would say | website=Business Insider | date=July 31, 2023 | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-x-elon-musk-tagline-blaze-your-glory-2023-7 | access-date=August 9, 2023 | archive-date=August 10, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225603/https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-x-elon-musk-tagline-blaze-your-glory-2023-7 | url-status=live }}</ref> A giant glowing X was set up on the roof of the company's headquarters; however, it was taken down after four days as it had been put up without a permit and had received 24 complaints from nearby residents.<ref name="Mannie 2023 a294">{{cite web | last=Mannie | first=Kathryn | title=Giant, glowing 'X' atop Twitter HQ dismantled after wave of complaints - National | website=Global News | date=July 31, 2023 | url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9867686/x-logo-sign-twitter-hq-elon-musk-san-francisco/ | access-date=August 9, 2023 | archive-date=August 8, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808011703/https://globalnews.ca/news/9867686/x-logo-sign-twitter-hq-elon-musk-san-francisco/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

The rebrand was described as unusual, given that Twitter's brand was already strong internationally, with words like "tweet" having entered common language.<ref name="CBC 2023 y171">{{cite web | title=Twitter was the Holy Grail of branding. Then Elon Musk ditched it. Experts question why | website=CBC | date=July 26, 2023 | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/twitter-elon-musk-branding-x-1.6917161 | access-date=August 9, 2023 | archive-date=August 10, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810233741/https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/twitter-elon-musk-branding-x-1.6917161 | url-status=live }}</ref> The rebranding has been criticized on the basis that the [[trademark]]ability of the name and logo is weak: there are almost 900 companies in the U.S. that own an ''X'' trademark,<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Twitter's rebrand to X could be legally challenging |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/twitter-trademark-x-com-rebrand/ |work=[[CBS News]] |date=July 25, 2023 |access-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804171027/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/twitter-trademark-x-com-rebrand/ |url-status=live }}</ref> including an existing social media-related logo owned by [[Meta Platforms]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheth |first1=Sonam |last2=Sundar |first2=Sindhu |title=Meta already appears to hold the rights to 'X.' It could make Twitter's rebrand complicated. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-holds-rights-to-x-twitter-rebrand-elon-musk-2023-7 |work=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804171025/https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-holds-rights-to-x-twitter-rebrand-elon-musk-2023-7 |url-status=live }}</ref> The X logo uses a [[blackboard bold]] X, a character that has appeared in mathematical textbooks since the 1970s and that is included in [[Unicode]] as {{unichar|1D54F|Mathematical double-struck capital X}}; one user of the platform also noted a similarity of the logo to the lowercase ''x'' in the [[Monotype Imaging|Monotype]] font Special Alphabets 4, though Monotype has confirmed that they are not exactly alike.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |title=Musk rushes out new Twitter logo—it's just an X that someone tweeted at him |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/07/musk-rushes-out-new-twitter-logo-its-just-an-x-that-someone-tweeted-at-him/ |work=Ars Technica |date=July 24, 2023 |access-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-date=July 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730052415/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/07/musk-rushes-out-new-twitter-logo-its-just-an-x-that-someone-tweeted-at-him/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2023, ''Ad Age'', citing ''The Harris Poll'', noted that the rebranding had not caught on, with the majority of users as well as notable brands still referring to X as "Twitter".<ref name="Nudd 2023 w646">{{cite web | last=Nudd | first=Tim | title=Twitter users don't want to call it X — Inside the platform's marketing challenge | website=Ad Age | date=September 15, 2023 | url=https://adage.com/article/digital-marketing-ad-tech-news/twitter-users-dont-want-call-it-x-inside-platforms-marketing-challenge/2516031 | access-date=September 16, 2023 | archive-date=September 15, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915163111/https://adage.com/article/digital-marketing-ad-tech-news/twitter-users-dont-want-call-it-x-inside-platforms-marketing-challenge/2516031 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==

Line 121 ⟶ 115:

* [[History of Facebook]]

* [[History of YouTube]]

* [[2020 Twitter account hijacking]]

* [[December 2022 Twitter suspensions]]

* [[Eoghan Harris Twitter scandal]]

* [[Saudi infiltration of Twitter]]

* [[Twitter Files]]

* [[Twitter joke trial]]

* [[Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh]]

* [[WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders]]

* [[Twitter Revolution]]

==Notes==

== References ==

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[[Category:Twitter]]

[[Category:History of the Internet]]