Hurricane Tina (1992): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia


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{{Short description|Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 1992}}

{{Merge to|1992 Pacific hurricane season|discuss=Talk:1992 Pacific hurricane season#Proposed merge of Hurricane Tina (1992) into 1992 Pacific hurricane season|date=September 2024}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2013}}

{{Infobox Hurricaneweather event

| Namename = Hurricane Tina

| Imageimage location=File: Tina 1992-10-01 0030Z.png▼

| Type= Strong hurricane

| Imagecaption name= Hurricane Tina at peak intensity on September 30.▼

| Year=1991

| Formedformed = September 17, 1992▼

| Basin=EPac

| Dissipateddissipated = October 11, 1992▼

▲| Image location=File:Tina 1992-10-01 0030Z.png

| Durationduration = {{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=1992|month1=09|day1=17|year2=1992|month2=10|day2=11}}<!-- Only for the period the storm spent as a tropical system -->▼

▲| Image name=Hurricane Tina at peak intensity on September 30.

}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS

▲| Formed=September 17, 1992

| 1-min winds = 130▼

▲| Dissipated=October 11, 1992

| pressure = 932

▲| Duration={{Age in months, weeks and days|year1=1992|month1=09|day1=17|year2=1992|month2=10|day2=11}}<!-- Only for the period the storm spent as a tropical system -->

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

▲| 1-min winds=130

| year = 1992

| Pressure=932

| Damagesfatalities = None

| Fatalitiesdamage = None

| Areasareas = Western Mexico

| refs =

| Hurricane season=[[1992 Pacific hurricane season]]▼

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

▲| Hurricane season = [[1992 Pacific hurricane season]]

}}

'''Hurricane Tina''' was the strongest and longest-lived storm of the [[1992 Pacific hurricane season]], which also threatened land for a brief period. The twenty-fourth [[tropical cyclone]], twenty-second tropical storm, fourteenth hurricane, and eighth major hurricane of the record breaking season, Tina formed from a tropical wave on September 17. The storm moved towards the west and strengthened into a hurricane. A breakdown in a [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] and to the north and a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] then re-curved Tina to the northeast and towards land, still moving slowly and gradually slowing down. The trough broke down and was replaced by a strong ridge. Tina then changed direction again and headed out to sea. It intensified into a Category&nbsp;4 storm with winds of {{convert|150&nbsp;|mph (240&nbsp;|km/h)|abbr=on}} and a [[atmospheric pressure|central pressure]] of 932&nbsp;millibars. Tina then slowly weakened as it turned to the north. Tropical Depression Tina dissipated on October 11, shortly after entering the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]'s [[area of responsibility]]. Although the [[tropical cyclone]] never made landfall, heavy rains were recorded across western [[Mexico]]. While at peak intensity, the storm also displayed [[Annular tropical cyclone|annular characteristics]].

==Meteorological history==

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Tina originated from a tropical wave that left the African coast on September 5. Six days later, the wave moved through the [[Lesser Antilles]]. The wave generated disorganized fare-ups while entering the [[Caribbean Sea]], but due to strong [[wind shear]] further development failed to occur. On September 16, while about {{convert|300|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Acapulco, Mexico]], the wave had entered the East Pacific basin. The system began to become more organized<ref name=noaa3 /> and at 1200 UTC on September 17, the NHC upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression, the twenty-second of the season,<ref name="noaa1" /> as the disturbance had changed dramatically in organization.<ref name="noaa1">{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression Twenty-Two-E|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992/tina/tropdisc/nep2292.001|author=Robert Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 7, 1992|access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref> The depression became Tropical Storm Tina on the next day. The system began an intensifying trend, and Tina strengthened into a moderate tropical storm 24 hours after attaining tropical storm status,<ref name="noaa">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992-prelim/tina/prelim04.gif|title=Hurricane Tina Tropical Cyclone Report|year=1993|publisher=National Hurricane Center|author=Lixod Aiva|access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref> and the NHC forecasted Tina to become a hurricane.<ref name="noaa2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992/tina/tropdisc/nep2292.004|title=Tropical Storm Tina Discussion 5|date=October 8, 1992|publisher=National Hurricane Center|author=Lixod Aliva|access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref>

As forecasted, Tina reached hurricane status at 1800 UTC on September 20.<ref name="noaa3">{{cite web|title=Hurricane Tina Tropical Cyclone Report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992-prelim/tina/prelim01.gif|year=1993|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|author=Staff writer|access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref> Tina reached a secondary peak of {{convert|85&nbsp;|mph (140&nbsp;|km/h)|abbr=on}} on the next day.<ref name="noaa3"/> By September 21, shear began to take a toll on the hurricane,<ref name="noaa3"/> as deep convection decreased.<ref name="noaa3"/> Tina briefly weakened back into a tropical storm, but regained hurricane intensity for another two days.<ref name=noaa/> However, data from a [[Hurricane Hunter]] aircraft indicated that Tina had weakened back to tropical storm status, thus ending the first of three strengthening trends of Hurricane Tina.<ref name="noaa3"/> By September 24, Tropical Storm Tina took a sharp turn north-northeast towards the west coast of [[Mexico]], due to a combination of a weakness in a [[subtropical ridge]]<ref name="noaa4">{{cite web|title=Hurricane Tina Tropical Cyclone Report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992-prelim/tina/prelim02.gif|publisher=National Hurricane Center|author=Staff writer|access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref> and a mid-level to low-level trough passing north of the [[tropical cyclone]]. Shortly thereafter, an [[anticyclone]] developed west of the [[Baja California]] Coast.<ref name="noaa4"/>

By September 27, steering flow moved Tina away from the coast of Mexico, where there was little [[wind shear]]. The tropical storm then began to re-intensify. Tina regained hurricane status on September 28 as it accelerated.<ref name="noaa4"/> On September 28, Tina had reached major hurricane intensity. The next day, Tina continued intensify, becoming a Category 4 hurricane on the [[Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale]].<ref name=noaa /> Late on September 29, the storm"s pressure had fallen to 944 mbar and winds had increased to 145&nbsp;mph (230&nbsp;km/h) while Tina was located {{convert|90|mi|km|abbr=on}} away from the Mexican coast. Overnight on September 30, Tina peaked with winds of 150&nbsp;mph (240&nbsp;km/h) and a pressure of 930 mbar. On October 1, the hurricane underwent fluctuations in intensity.<ref name="noaa4"/>▼

▲By September 27, steering flow moved Tina away from the coast of Mexico, where there was little [[wind shear]]. The tropical storm then began to re-intensify. Tina regained hurricane status on September 28 as it accelerated.<ref name="noaa4"/> On September 28, Tina had reached major hurricane intensity. The next day, Tina continued intensify, becoming a Category 4 hurricane on the [[Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale]].<ref name=noaa /> Late on September 29, the storm"s pressure had fallen to 944 mbar and winds had increased to {{convert|145&nbsp;|mph (230&nbsp;|km/h)|abbr=on}} while Tina was located {{convert|90|mi|km|abbr=on}} away from the Mexican coast. Overnight on September 30, Tina peaked with winds of {{convert|150&nbsp;|mph (240&nbsp;|km/h)|abbr=on}} and a pressure of 930 mbar. On October 1, the hurricane underwent fluctuations in intensity.<ref name="noaa4"/>

Tina began to change its path over the next days due to an approaching trough which allowed Tina to turn northbound into cooler [[sea surface temperatures]], as well as into an area of increasing wind shear. The [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] became very large, peaking in size on October 4. However, the less favorable environment caused Tina to slowly weaken. The system weakened back to tropical storm status late on October 4. Tina's motion decreased due to weak steering currents.<ref name="noaa4"/> As such, Tina continued to weaken, and was downgraded into a tropical depression. At this time, only a swirl of clouds remained, with limited deep convection.<ref name="noaa4"/> The next day Tina moved into the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]'s area of responsibility and six hours later, the storm's winds had dropped to 30&nbsp;mph (45&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="CPHC 1992 season">{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1992.php|title=The 1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|date=July 5, 2007|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|access-date=June 7, 2009}}</ref> Tina still maintained a small area of deep convection, despite decreasing seas surface temperatures, until dissipation on October 11.<ref name="noaa4"/>▼

▲Tina began to change its path over the next days due to an approaching trough which allowed Tina to turn northbound into cooler [[sea surface temperatures]], as well as into an area of increasing wind shear. The [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] became very large, peaking in size on October 4. However, the less favorable environment caused Tina to slowly weaken. The system weakened back to tropical storm status late on October 4. Tina's motion decreased due to weak steering currents.<ref name="noaa4"/> As such, Tina continued to weaken, and was downgraded into a tropical depression. At this time, only a swirl of clouds remained, with limited deep convection.<ref name="noaa4"/> The next day Tina moved into the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]'s area of responsibility and six hours later, the storm's winds had dropped to {{convert|30&nbsp;|mph (45&nbsp;|km/h)|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CPHC 1992 season">{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1992.php|title=The 1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|date=July 5, 2007|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|access-date=June 7, 2009}}</ref> Tina still maintained a small area of deep convection, despite decreasing seas surface temperatures, until dissipation on October 11.<ref name="noaa4"/>

==Records, preparations, and impact==

When Tropical Storm Tina was tracking northeastward toward Mexico, the National Hurricane Center noted the possibility of landfall, although all of the [[tropical cyclone forecast model]]s correctly indicated a westward turn would occur.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=September 25, 1992|title=Tropical Storm Tina Discussion Thirty-Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=May 8, 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992/tina/tropdisc/nep2292.032}}</ref> While passing the region, Tina dropped heavy rainfall that produced flooding along the west coast of Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff writer|agency=Associated Press|date=September 27, 1992|title=Latin American Briefs by the Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Staff writer|work=Miami Herald|date=September 29, 1992|title=Hurricane Tina Heads into Pacific}}</ref>▼

==Preparations, impact and records==

Lasting 22&nbsp;days, Hurricane Tina surpassed [[Hurricane Fico]] as the longest lived storm in the northeastern Pacific.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lawrence|first=Miles B.|author2=Rappaport, Edward N.|title=Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1992|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=March 1994|volume=122|issue=3|pages=549–558|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0549:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode = 1994MWRv..122..549L |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234605}}</ref> [[Hurricane John (1994)]] became the longest-lived tropical cyclone in the northern Pacific a couple years later.<ref name="report1">{{cite web |author=Lawrence, Miles| year=1995| title=Hurricane John Preliminary Report (page 1) |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] | url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994-prelim/john/prelim01.gif |access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref>

▲When Tropical Storm Tina was tracking northeastward toward Mexico, the National Hurricane Center noted the possibility of landfall, although all of the [[tropical cyclone forecast model]]s correctly indicated a westward turn would occur.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=September 25, 1992|title=Tropical Storm Tina Discussion Thirty-Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=May 8, 2010|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992/tina/tropdisc/nep2292.032}}</ref> While passing the region, Tina dropped heavy rainfall that produced flooding along the west coast of Mexico.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff writer|agency=Associated Press|date=September 27, 1992|title=Latin American Briefs by the Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Staff writer|work=Miami Herald|date=September 29, 1992|title=Hurricane Tina Heads into Pacific}}</ref> Lasting 22&nbsp;days, Hurricane Tina surpassed [[Hurricane Fico]] as the longest-lived storm on record in the northeastern Pacific.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lawrence|first=Miles B.|author2=Rappaport, Edward N.|title=Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1992|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=March 1994|volume=122|issue=3|pages=549–558|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0549:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode = 1994MWRv..122..549L |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234605}}</ref> However, Tina's record would be surpassed by [[Hurricane John (1994)|Hurricane John]] in 1994.<ref name="report1">{{cite web |author=Lawrence, Miles| year=1995| title=Hurricane John Preliminary Report (page 1) |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] | url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994-prelim/john/prelim01.gif |access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref>

==See also==