Hypnosis: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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At the outset of [[cognitive-behavioural therapy|cognitive behavioural therapy]] during the 1950s, hypnosis was used by early behaviour therapists such as [[Joseph Wolpe]]<ref>Wolpe, J. (1958) Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition.</ref> and also by early cognitive therapists such as [[Albert Ellis (psychologist)|Albert Ellis]].<ref>Ellis, A. (1962). Reason & Emotion in Psychotherapy.</ref> Barber, Spanos, and Chaves introduced the term "cognitive-behavioural" to describe their "nonstate" theory of hypnosis in ''Hypnosis, imagination, and human potentialities''.<ref name="Barber, Spanos 1974"/> However, [[Clark L. Hull]] had introduced a behavioural psychology as far back as 1933, which in turn was preceded by [[Ivan Pavlov]].<ref>Hull, C.L. (1933). Hypnosis & Suggestibility.</ref> Indeed, the earliest theories and practices of hypnotism, even those of Braid, resemble the cognitive-behavioural orientation in some respects.<ref name="Robertson_2012"/><ref name=br/>

=== Clinical observations of hypnosis ===

A study on the effectiveness of hypnosis for pain relief is aimed to show how the process of hypnosis within clinic research. This includes a meta-analysis of 85 controlled experiments. This meta-analysis is meant to measure how effective hypnosis can be for the reduction of pain and find the specific factors that hypnosis is curing within the chronic illness. There were five cross over studies that included 3632 participants in total and these different studies were found by a systematic search with hypnotic induction. The meta-analysis outcomes included all studies that were strongly hypnotic receptivity. The combination of suggestions and hypnosis was the most effective tool with people who are more responsive to hypnosis, leading to a high increase in pain. The people that are less responsive to hypnosis will have a harder time receiving the benefits, specifically the pain relief. This information concludes that using hypnosis or hypnotic intervention is an effective tool in the pain relief of chronic illnesses. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Thompson |first=Trevor |last2=Terhune |first2=Devin B. |last3=Oram |first3=Charlotte |last4=Sharangparni |first4=Joseph |last5=Rouf |first5=Rommana |last6=Solmi |first6=Marco |last7=Veronese |first7=Nicola |last8=Stubbs |first8=Brendon |date=2019-04 |title=The effectiveness of hypnosis for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 85 controlled experimental trials |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.013 |journal=Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews |volume=99 |pages=298–310 |doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.013 |issn=0149-7634}}</ref>

== Definition ==

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== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}<ref name=":2" />

== Bibliography ==