Ionic order: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|Order of classical architecture}}

[[File:SixIonicOrdersIonic Order from “Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Grèce” p197.jpg|thumb|right|Architects' first real look at the Greek Ionic order: Julien David LeRoy, ''Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Grèce'' Paris, 1758 (Plate XX)]]

The '''Ionic order''' is one of the three canonic [[classical order|orders]] of [[classical architecture]], the other two being the [[Doric order|Doric]] and the [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]]. There are two lesser orders: the [[Tuscan order|Tuscan]] (a plainer Doric), and the rich variant of Corinthian called the [[composite order]]. Of the three classical canonic orders, the Corinthian order has the narrowest columns, followed by the Ionic order, with the Doric order having the widest columns.

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The Ionic [[column]] is always more slender than the Doric; therefore, it always has a base:<ref name="Heck1856">{{cite book|author=Johann Georg Heck|title=The Art of Building in Ancient and Modern Times, Or, Architecture Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHhJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA25|year=1856|publisher=D. Appleton|page=25}}</ref> Ionic columns are eight and nine column-diameters tall, and even more in the [[Antebellum architecture|Antebellum]] colonnades of late American Greek Revival plantation houses.{{Citation needed|date=September 2016}}

Ionic columns are most often [[Fluting (architecture)|fluted]]. After a little early experimentation, the number of hollow flutes in the shaft settled at 24. This standardization kept the fluting in a familiar proportion to the diameter of the column at any scale, even when the height of the column was exaggerated. RomanUnlike Greek Doric fluting, which runs out to an [[arris]] or sharp edge, that was easily damaged by people brushing it as they passed by, Ionic fluting leaves a little flat-seeming surface of the column surface between each hollow; Greek(in flutingfact runsit outis toa small segment of a knifecircle edgearound thatthe wascolumn).<ref>[[A. easilyW. scarredLawrence|Lawrence, A. W.]], ''Greek Architecture'', p. 130, 1957, Penguin, Pelican history of art. Lawrence dates this innovation to c. 500 BC</ref>

In some instances, the fluting has been omitted. English architect [[Inigo Jones]] introduced a note of sobriety with plain Ionic columns on his [[Banqueting House, Whitehall]], London, and when Beaux-Arts architect [[John Russell Pope]] wanted to convey the manly stamina combined with intellect of [[Theodore Roosevelt]], he left colossal Ionic columns unfluted on the Roosevelt memorial at the [[American Museum of Natural History]], New York City, for an unusual impression of strength and stature. Wabash Railroad architect R.E. Mohr included eight unfluted Ionic frontal columns on his 1928 design for the railroad's St.[[Delmar LouisBoulevard suburbanstation]] stopin DelmarSt. StationLouis.

{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header_align = left/right/center| footer = '''Left image''': Characteristic design of the Ionic [[anta capital]] (essentially flat layout with straight horizontal [[Molding (decorative)|moldings]]).<br /> '''Right image''': A Ionic [[anta capital]], with extensive bands of floral patterns in prolongation of adjoining [[frieze]]s at the [[Erechtheion]] (circa 410 BC).| footer_align = left | image1 =Ionic anta capital at the Erechtheum.jpg| width1 = 150 | caption1 = | image2 =Detail Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg| width2 = 184| caption2 = }}

The [[entablature]] resting on the columns has three parts: a plain [[architrave]] divided into two, or more generally three, bands, with a [[frieze]] resting on it that may be richly sculptural, and a [[cornice]] built up with [[dentil]]s (like the closely spaced ends of joists), with a corona ("crown") and cyma ("ogee") [[Molding (decorative)|molding]] to support the projecting roof. Pictorial, often narrative, [[bas-relief]] frieze carving provides a characteristic feature of the Ionic order, in the area where the Doric order is articulated with [[triglyph]]s. Roman and Renaissance practice condensed the height of the entablature by reducing the proportions of the architrave, which made the frieze more prominent.

===Anta capital===

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The Ionic anta capital is the Ionic version of the [[anta capital]], the crowning portion of an [[anta (architecture)|anta]], which is the front edge of a supporting wall in [[Greek temple]] architecture. The anta is generally crowned by a stone block designed to spread the load from superstructure ([[entablature]]) it supports, called an "anta capital" when it is structural, or sometimes "[[pilaster]] capital" if it is only decorative as often during the Roman period.

In order not to protrude unduly from the wall, these anta capitals usually display a rather flat surface, so that the capital has more or less a rectangular-shaped structure overall. The Ionic anta capital, in contrast to the regular column capitals, is highly decorated and generally includes bands of alternating [[lotus flower|lotuses]] and [[flame palmette]]s, and bands of [[egg-and-dart|eggs and darts]] and [[beads and reels]] patterns, in order to maintain continuity with the decorative frieze lining the top of the walls. This difference with the column capitals disappeared with Roman times when anta or pilaster capitals have designs very similar to those of the column capitals.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=A handbook of ornament|author=Meyer, F.S.|isbn=9781171715481|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WejuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|page=214|publisher=Рипол Классик |access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">The Classical Language of Architecture by John Summerson, p.47 "Anta" entry [https://books.google.com/books?id=57aoJE26kQkC&pg=PA47]</ref> The Ionic anta capitals as can be seen in the Ionic order temple of the [[Erechtheion]] (circa 410 BCE), are characteristically rectangular Ionic anta capitals, with extensive bands of floral patterns in prolongation of adjoining [[frieze]]s.

==History of use==

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Following the conquests of [[Alexander the Great]] in the east, a few examples of the Ionic order can be found as far as [[Pakistan]] with the [[Jandial|Jandial temple]] near [[Taxila]]. Several examples of capitals displaying Ionic influences can be seen as far away as [[Patna]], [[India]], especially with the [[Pataliputra capital]], dated to the 3rd century BC, and seemingly derived from the design of the Ionic anta capital,<ref>"These flat, splaying members with cavetto sides, have a long history in Greek architecture as anta capitals, and the rolls at upper and lower sides are also seen" John Boardman, "The Origins of Indian Stone Architecture", p.19 : "An interesting flat capital which, though differing from the classic forms, bears a distinct resemblance to the capitals of the pilasters of the Temple of Apollo Didymaeos at Miletos" [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24049089]</ref><ref>A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture by Deborah S. Hutton, John Wiley & Sons, 2015, p.438 [https://books.google.com/books?id=7DX-CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA438]</ref> or the [[Sarnath capital]], which has been described as "Perso-Ionic",<ref>{{cite book |title=The Journal Of The Royal Asiatic Society Of Great Britain And Ireland For 1907 |date=1907 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462586/page/n1071 997] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462586}}</ref> or "quasi-Ionic".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Gauranga Nath |title=Hellenism in ancient India |date=1920 |publisher=Calcutta |page=[https://archive.org/details/hellenisminancie00banerich/page/46 46] |url=https://archive.org/details/hellenisminancie00banerich}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Allchin |first1=F. R. |last2=Erdosy |first2=George |title=The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521376952 |page=258 (f) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&pg=PA258 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Allchin |first1=F. R. |last2=Erdosy |first2=George |title=The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521376952 |page=xi, label 11.30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&pg=PA3 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Vitruvius]], a practicing architect who worked in the time of [[Augustus]], reports that the Doric column had its initial basis in the proportions of the male body, while Ionic columns took on a "slenderness" inspired by the female body.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vitruvius|author-link1=Vitruvius|translator-last=Morgan|translator-first=Morris H.|translator-link=Morris_HMorris H._Morgan Morgan|title=The Ten Books on Architecture|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge |date=1914|page=104|orig-year=ca. 30–15 BC|quote=Thus in the invention of the two different kinds of columns, they borrowed manly beauty, naked and unadorned, for the one, and for the other the delicacy, adornment, and proportions characteristic of women.|title-link=De architectura}}</ref> Though he does not name his source for such a self-conscious and "literary" approach, it must be in traditions passed on from [[Hellenistic]] architects, such as [[Hermogenes of Priene]], the architect of a famed temple of Artemis at [[Magnesia on the Meander]] in Lydia (now TurkeyTürkiye).

[[Renaissance]] architectural theorists took his hints to interpret the Ionic order as matronly in comparison to the Doric order, though not as wholly feminine as the Corinthian order. The Ionic is a natural order for post-Renaissance libraries and courts of justice, learned and civilized. Because no treatises on classical architecture survive earlier than that of Vitruvius, identification of such "meaning" in architectural elements as it was understood in the 5th and 4th centuries BC remains tenuous, though during the Renaissance it became part of the conventional "speech" of classicism.<ref>Summerson 1963.</ref>

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== Gallery ==

<gallery mode="packed" heights="170px200px">

Chéneau en pierre et ornements en terre cuite de la Sicile et de Métaponte. Restaurations partielles du temple de Thésée à Athènes, et de celui de Nèmèsis à Rhamnus. Page of L’Architecture Polychrome chez les Grecs, published in 1851.jpg|19th century illustration of multiple [[polychrome]] elements of [[Ancient Greek architecture]], including an Ionic capital in the top left, by [[Jacques Ignace Hittorff]]

File:Sphix of the Naxians, 570-560 BC, AM of Delphi, 201316.jpg|[[Ancient Greek architecture|Ancient Greek]] [[Archaic Greek Sculpture|Archaic]] Ionic capital of the [[Sphinx of Naxos]], {{circa}}560 BC, [[Naxian marble]], [[Delphi Archaeological Museum]], [[Delphi]], Greece<ref>{{cite book|last1=Papaioannou|first1=Kostas|title=L’art grec|date=1975|publisher=Mazenod|isbn=|page=607|url=|language=fr}}</ref>

File:Fig 1 The capital and base of the columns, together with the entablature Fig 2 A section of one quarter of the column, t - Stuart James & Revett Nicholas - 1762.jpg|Ancient Greek Ionic order of the [[Temple of Artemis Agrotera]], Athens, {{circa}}440 BC-destroyed in 1778

Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg|Ancient Greek Ionic columns in the [[Temple of Apollo at Bassae]], [[Bassae]], Greece, illustration by [[Charles Robert Cockerell]], unknown architect, {{circa}}429-400 BC<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=40|url=|language=en}}</ref>

ARCHITECTURE ORDERS Greeks Etruscan Roman (Doric Ionic Corinthian Tuscan Composite) by Paolo Villa ENG edition.pdf|Compared [[Ionic order]] with [[Doric order|Doric]], [[Tuscan order|Tuscan]], [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] and [[Composite order|Composite]] orders; with [[stylobate|stereobate]]

Erechtheion Temple.jpg|Ancient Greek Ionic columns of the [[Erechtheion]], Athens, Greece, with paralelparallel volutes, unknown architect, 421-405 BC<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=38|url=|language=en}}</ref>▼

▲Erechtheion Temple.jpg|Ancient Greek Ionic columns of the [[Erechtheion]], Greece, with paralel volutes, unknown architect, 421-405 BC<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=38|url=|language=en}}</ref>

File:Details van de Tempel van Portunus te Rome Dimostrazione in grande delle parti del tempio della Fortuna Virile (titel op object) Archeologische vondsten in en rond Rome (serietitel) Le Antichità Romane (serietitel), RP-P-OB-36.889.jpg|[[Ancient Roman architecture|Roman]] Ionic corner capital from the [[Temple of Portunus]], Rome, with two sides with volutes, and one for the corner of the facade projecting at a 45° angle, unknown architect, early 4th century BC

File:The Oval Plaza, built in the beginning of the 2nd century AD to connect the Cardo with the Sanctuary of Zeus, Gerasa, Jordan (33601218974).jpg|Roman Ionic columns of a [[colonnade]] of the oval plaza in [[Jerash]], [[Jordan]], unknown architect, 2nd-3rd centuries AD<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wheeler|first1=Mortimer|title=Roman Art and Architecture|date=1964|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0500200216|page=61 & 239|url=https://archive.org/details/ROMANARTANDARCHITECTURE1964ByMORTIMERWHEELER_201712/mode/1up|language=en}}</ref>

File:Roman Forum Temple of Saturn.jpg|Roman Ionic columns of the [[Temple of Saturn]], Rome, with diagonal volutes, unknown architect, 3rd of 4th century AD{{sfn|Hopkins|2014|p=14}}▼

▲File:Roman Forum Temple of Saturn.jpg|Roman Ionic columns of the [[Temple of Saturn]], Rome, with diagonal volutes, unknown architect, 3rd of 4th century ADcenturies{{sfn|Hopkins|2014|p=14}}

Hagia Sophia (15468276434).jpg|[[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] Ionic capital in the [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]], by [[Anthemius of Tralles]] or [[Isidore of Miletus]], 6th century{{sfn|Hodge|2019|p=62}}

07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg|[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] Ionic columns of the [[Villa La Rotonda]], outside [[Vicenza]], Italy, by [[Andrea Palladio]], 1567-1605

File:Interior Luca e Martina 33.JPG|[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] Ionic columns in the [[Santi Luca e Martina]], Rome, by [[Pietro da Cortona]], 1634-1669<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=292|url=|language=en}}</ref>

2017 Escultura. Palacio de Versalles P41.jpg|Baroque Ionic columns on the garden façade of the [[Palace of Versailles]], [[Versailles]], France, by [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]], 1678–1688<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Henry|title=Le Style Louis XIV|date=1927|publisher=Flammarion|isbn=|page=21|url=|language=fr}}</ref>▼

File:Coupe en jade (Louvre, MR 465).jpg|[[Baroque]] Ionic capital at the top of the base of a cup, by [[Michel Debourg]], 1686-1687, jade and gilded silver, Louvre<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010099319|website=collections.louvre.fr|title=Coupe ronde|access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref>

File:MJK 53943-Pano State bedchamber (Drottningholm).jpg|Baroque Ionic [[pilaster]]s and columns in the bedroom of [[Hedvig Eleonora]], [[Drottningholm Palace]], [[Ekerö Municipality]], [[Sweden]], by [[Nicodemus Tessin the Elder]], 1662-1681<ref>{{cite book|last1=Giorgi|first1=Rosa|title=Secolul al XVII-lea - Secole de Artâ|date=2010|publisher=rao|isbn=978-606-8251-30-1|page=223|url=|language=ro}}</ref>

▲2017 Escultura. Palacio de Versalles P41.jpg|Baroque Ionic columns on the garden façade of the [[Palace of Versailles]], [[Versailles]], France, by [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]], 1678–1688<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Henry|title=Le Style Louis XIV|date=1927|publisher=Flammarion|isbn=|page=21|url=|language=fr}}</ref>

Iglesia de San Carlos Borromeo, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 52-54 HDR.jpg|Baroque Ionic columns in the [[Karlskirche]], [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], 1715–1737, by [[Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach]]{{sfn|Jones|2014|p=230}}

File:2010.05.13.173929 Iglesia San Francisco Antigua Guatemala.jpg|Baroque [[Solomonic column|Solomonic]] Ionic columns of the [[Iglesia de San Francisco, Antigua Guatemala|Monastery of San Francisco]], [[Antigua]], [[Guatemala]], unknown architect, early 17th century<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grube|first1=Nikolai|last2=Eggebrecht|first2=Eva|last3=Seidel|first3=Matthias|title=Maya - Divine Kings of the Rain Forest|date=2012|publisher=h.f.ullmann|isbn=978-3-8480-0034-0|page=385|url=|language=en}}</ref>

File:Lille PdBA raoux vierges modernes.JPG|[[Rococo]] Ionic columns in ''Vierges modernes'', painted by [[Jean Raoux]], 1728, oil on canvas, [[Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille]], [[Lille]], France

20230209 Amalienburg Nymphenburg.jpg|Rococo Ionic pilasters on the facade of the [[Amalienburg]], [[Nymphenburg Palace Park]], [[Munich]], Germany, by [[François de Cuvilliés]], 1734-1739{{sfn|Hodge|2019|p=95}}

Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon 45.jpg|Rococo pilasters on the facade of the [[Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon]], [[Tarascon]], France, by [[Jean-Baptiste Franque]] and [[Antoine Damour]], 2nd haldhalf of the 18th century<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00081474|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr|title=Eglise Saint-Jacques|author=|access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref>▼

Syon House (33315382913).jpg|[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] Ionic columns in theat [[Syon House]], London, by [[Robert Adam]], {{circa}}1761-1765<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=384|url=|language=en}}</ref>▼

File:P1030075 (5015797888).jpg|[[Louis XVI style]] caryatids with Ionic capitals on their heads, on a jewelry locket of [[Marie-Antoinette]], by [[Ferdinand Schwerdfeger]], 1787, mahogany, [[mother-of-pearl]] inlays, paintings under glass, porcelain plate, and gilded bronzes, [[Chambre de la Reine]], [[Palace of Versailles]], [[Versailles]], France<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010098671|website=|title=Serre-bijoux de Marie-Antoinette|access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref>▼

Metropolitan museum of art (19593102431) (cropped).jpg|[[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] Ionic columns of the Branch Bank of the United States, now in the Charles Engelhard Court of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City, inspired by those of the Temple of Artemis Agrotera in Athens, by [[Martin E. Thompson]], 1824

File:P1090550 Paris V fontaine Cuvier rwk.JPG|Neoclassical reinterpetation of the Ionic order, with [[acanthus (ornament)|acanthuses]] just above the base and ram horn-shaped volutes, of the [[Fontaine Cuvier]], Paris, designed by [[Alphonse Vigoureux]] and sculpted by [[Jean-Jacques Feuchère]] and [[Pierre-Jules Pomateau]], 1840-1846

▲Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon 45.jpg|Rococo pilasters on the facade of the [[Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon]], [[Tarascon]], France, by [[Jean-Baptiste Franque]] and [[Antoine Damour]], 2nd hald of the 18th century<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00081474|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr|title=Eglise Saint-Jacques|author=|access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref>

▲Syon House (33315382913).jpg|[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] Ionic columns in the [[Syon House]], London, by [[Robert Adam]], {{circa}}1761-1765<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=384|url=|language=en}}</ref>

▲File:P1030075 (5015797888).jpg|[[Louis XVI style]] caryatids with Ionic capitals on their heads, on a jewelry locket of [[Marie-Antoinette]], by [[Ferdinand Schwerdfeger]], 1787, mahogany, [[mother-of-pearl]] inlays, paintings under glass, porcelain plate, and gilded bronzes, [[Chambre de la Reine]], [[Palace of Versailles]], [[Versailles]], France<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010098671|website=|title=Serre-bijoux de Marie-Antoinette|access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref>

File:Akademie von Athen.jpg|Greek Revival Ionic columns of the main building of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]], inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by [[Theophilus Hansen]], 1859-1885

File:Town hall of Paris Ier arrondissement 2, Paris 2010.jpg|Neoclassical Ionic columns of the Town Hall of the [[1st arrondissement of Paris]], by [[Jacques Ignace Hittorff]], 1858-1860

File:Villa eilenroc cap antibes 26.jpg|Neoclassical Ionic capital with a [[festoon]] between its [[volute]]s, part of the entrance portico of the [[Villa Eilenroc]], [[Antibes]], France, by [[Charles Garnier (architect)|Charles Garnier]], 1860-1867

File:Facade of Gare de Paris-Nord, Paris 10 April 2017.jpg|Neoclassical Ionic pilasters on the facadefaçade of the [[Gare du Nord]], Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1861-1865<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=444|url=|language=en}}</ref>▼

Petit Palais, Paris 8th 004.JPG|Beaux Arts Ionic columns of the [[Petit Palais]], Paris, by [[Charles Giraud]], 1900{{sfn|Jones|2014|p=294}}▼

File:Immeuble art nouveau de France-Lanord (Nancy) (4244309566).jpg|[[Art Nouveau]] railing with highly stylized reinterpretations of the Ionic column as balusters, on the [[France-Lanord Building]] ([[Avenue Foch (Nancy)|Avenue Foch]] no. 71), [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], France, by [[Émile André]], 1904<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00106195|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr|title=Immeuble France-Lanord|access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref>

▲File:Facade of Gare de Paris-Nord, Paris 10 April 2017.jpg|Neoclassical Ionic pilasters on the facade of the [[Gare du Nord]], Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1861-1865<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=444|url=|language=en}}</ref>

File:Pont Alexandre III Paris 06.jpg|[[Beaux Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]] stylized Ionic columns with capitals made of marine snails of the [[Pont Alexandre III]], Paris, 1896-1900, by [[Joseph Cassien-Bernard]] and [[Gaston Cousin]]

File:47 Strada Nicolae Filipescu, Bucharest (08).jpg|[[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] window railing with balusters with Ionic capitals of [[Strada Nicolae Filipescu]] no. 47, [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], unknown architect, {{circa}}1900

▲Petit Palais, Paris 8th 004.JPG|Beaux Arts Ionic columns of the [[Petit Palais]], Paris, by [[Charles Giraud]], 1900{{sfn|Jones|2014|p=294}}

(Agen) - La Façade du Théâtre Ducourneau sur la place du Docteur Esquirol.jpg|Beaux Arts Ionic columns on the facade of the [[Ducourneau Theater]], [[Agen]], France, by [[Guillaume Tronchet]], 1906-1908

Detail of the restored Union Station, Washington, D.C LCCN2011633893.tif|Polychrome [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] Ionic capitals in the [[Washington Union Station]], [[Washington, D.C.]], US, by [[Daniel Burnham]], {{circa}}1907

23 Rue de la Paix, Paris (07).jpg|Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters in the entrance hallway of the [[Rue de la Paix, Paris|Rue de la Paix]] no. 23, Paris, unknown architect, 1908

Palatul Cantacuzino Florești (detaliu arhitectural).jpg|Beaux Arts Ionic columns and pilasters of the [[Cantacuzino Palace (Florești)|Cantacuzino Palace]], [[Florești, Prahova|Florești]], Romania, by [[Ion D. Berindey]], 1910-1916

29 avenue Bugeaud Paris.jpg|Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Hôtel Roxoroid de Belfort ([[Avenue Bugeaud]] no. 29), Paris, 1911, by [[André Arfvidson]]

File:New Orleans Museum of Art - atrium 4.jpg|Conspicuous Greek Revival Ionic capital in the [[New Orleans Museum of Art]], [[New Orleans]], US, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by [[Samuel Abraham Marx]], 1911

CH-000957-X-40197 Stuck.jpg|Neoclassical Ionic columns in a [[Vienna Secession|Secessionit]] poster, by [[Franz Stuck]], 1911, [[lithograph]], Poster Collection of the Basel School of Design, [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]

Bordeaux quartier Lescure maison art déco 4.JPG|[[Art Deco]] reinterpretations of the Ionic column and pilaster of an unidentified house in the Quartier Lescure, [[Bordeaux]], France, unknown architect, {{circa}}1925

Elevator Door, Lobby, Severance Hall, University Circle, Cleveland, OH.jpg|Art Deco and Neoclassical Ionic pilasters in the [[Severance Hall]], [[Cleveland]], US, by [[Walker and Weeks]], 1931

60-62 Șoseaua Panduri, Bucharest (11).jpg|[[Stalinist architecture|Stalinist]] Ionic columns of the Colonels' Quarter ([[Șoseaua Panduri]] no. 60-62), Bucharest, 1950–1960, by I.Novițchi, C.Ionescu, C.Hacker and A.Șerbescu<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat|title=Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide|date=2017|publisher=Ordinul Arhitecților din România|isbn=978-973-0-23884-6|page=181|url=|language=en}}</ref>

Capitello, Studio65.jpg|[[Postmodernism|Postmodern]] reinterpretation of the Ionic column as the Capitello seating, designed by [[Studio 65]] and produced by [[Gufram]], differentiated-density [[polyurethane]] foam coated with latex rubber, 1972, unknown location<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=466|url=|language=en}}</ref>▼

▲Capitello, Studio65.jpg|[[Postmodernism|Postmodern]] reinterpretation of the Ionic column as the Capitello seating, designed by [[Studio 65]] and produced by [[Gufram]], [[polyurethane]], 1972, unknown location<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=466|url=|language=en}}</ref>

File:Michael graves per swid powell design, vaso, 1989.jpg|Postmodern vase inspired by the Ionic capital, deisgned by [[Michael Graves]] for [[Swid Powell]], 1989, glazed porcelain, [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]], [[Indianapolis]], US<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=335|url=|language=en}}</ref>

M2ビル (世田谷区).jpeg|[[Postmodern architecture|Postmodern]] Ionic column of the M2 Building, [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], by [[Kengo Kuma]], 1991<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=65|url=|language=en}}</ref>

File:Cambridge - Gonville and Caius College - 0903.jpg|[[New Classical architecture|New Classical]] Greek Revival Ionic columns in the [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius College]] Hall, [[Cambridge]], UK, inspired by those from the Temple of Apollo at Bassaem by [[John Simpson (architect)|John Simpson]], 1998▼

▲File:Cambridge - Gonville and Caius College - 0903.jpg|[[New Classical architecture|New Classical]] Ionic columns in the [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius College]] Hall, [[Cambridge]], UK, inspired by those from the Temple of Apollo at Bassaem by [[John Simpson (architect)|John Simpson]], 1998

Jacksonville Public (Main) Library.jpg|Postmodern reinterpretations of Ionic columns of the [[Jacksonville Public Library]], [[Jacksonville]], US, by [[Robert A. M. Stern]], 2005

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