Islam in France: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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'''[[Islam]]''' is a minority [[religion in France]] that is followed by around 3 million to 5.7 million people in [[France]], which is around 4% of the nation's population.<ref>{{Cite web |date= December 16, 2022 |title= Sense of belonging to a religion in France 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/996244/feeling-belong-religion-france/ |website=Statista}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= October 13, 2022 |title= Poll: French people's ambiguous relationship with religion |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/10/13/poll-french-people-s-ambiguous-relationship-with-religion_6000147_7.html |website= Le Monde}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= 2023 |title= Religious diversity in France: intergenerational transmissions and practices by origins (2019–2020)|url= https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/7342918?sommaire=7344042 |website= Insee}}</ref><ref name="insee.fr">{{Cite web |title=Religious diversity in France: intergenerational transmissions and practices by origins − Immigrants and descendants of immigrants {{!}} Insee |url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/7342918?sommaire=7344042 |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.insee.fr}}</ref>

AfterDuring the [[Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula|conqueringconquest of Iberia]] and the entirety[[Umayyad invasion of theGaul|conquest [[Iberianof peninsulaGaul]], the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] forces would conquer and annex modernthe dayentirety southern France, however they would eventually withdraw afterof the [[Franks|FrankishIberian Peninsula]] armyand metmodern them at theday [[Battlesouthern of ToursFrance]]. inThough 732they AD,would thuseventually preventingwithdraw thein possible732 AD. However, [[IslamisationSeptimania]] ofremained under Umayyad dominance Westernuntil Europe759. During a later incursionbattle, the [[Al-Andalus|Al Andalusians]] established the fortress [[Fraxinetum]]. France's Muslim population grew starting in the second half of the 20th century, following immigration from former French [[French colonial empire|colonies]] and [[protectorates]] in Africa and the Middle East.

The majority of Muslims in France belong to the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] denomination and are of foreign origins. Sizeable minorities of [[Shia]], [[Ahmadiyya]] and [[non-denominational Muslim]]s also exist. The French [[overseas region]] of [[Mayotte]] has a majority Muslim population.

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[[File:Père-Lachaise - Division 85 - enclos musulman 02.jpg|thumb|Funeral in Muslim section of [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], 1865]]

[[File:Père-Lachaise - Division 85 - Mosquée 03.jpg|thumb|Muslim section of Père Lachaise, between 1903 and 1914]]

AfterDuring theirthe [[UmayyadMuslim conquest of Hispaniathe Iberian Peninsula|conquest of HispaniaIberia]] and the [[Umayyad invasion of Gaul|invasionconquest of Gaul]], the [[Arab]] [[Umayyad dynastyCaliphate|UmayyadsUmayyad]] wereforces defeatedwould atconquer and annex the entirety of the [[BattleIberian ofPeninsula]] Toursand modern day [[southern France]]. Though they would eventually withdraw in 732 AD. However, [[Septimania]] however remained under ArabUmayyad controldominance until 759. During a later battle, the [[Al-Andalus|Al Andalusians]] established the fortress [[Fraxinetum]].

In 838, the ''[[Annales Bertiniani]]'' record that Muslims raided [[Marseille]] in southern France, plundered its religious houses and took captive both men and women, clerical and lay, as slaves. In 842, the ''Annales'' report a raid in the vicinity of [[Arles]]. In 869, raiders returned to Arles and captured the archbishop, [[Roland (archbishop of Arles)|Roland]]. They accepted a ransom in return for the archbishop, but when they handed him over he was already dead{{how?|date=April 2024}}.<ref>{{cite book |first=Scott G. |last=Bruce |title=Cluny and the Muslims of La Garde-Freinet: Hagiography and the Problem of Islam in Medieval Europe |url=https://archive.org/details/clunymuslimsofla00bruc |url-access=registration |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2016|isbn=9780801452994 |pages=22–23}}</ref> The construction of a castle in the [[Camargue]] following these raids up the Rhône may have induced raiders to try points further east, culminating in the establishment of a permanent base of operations at Fraxinetum.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Archibald R. Lewis |first=Archibald R. |last=Lewis |title=Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050 |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=1965 |page=102}}</ref> In 887, Muslim forces from [[Al-Andalus]] conquered several bases in France and established the emirate of [[Fraxinet]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Belich |first=James |date=2022 |title=The World the Plague Made: The Black Death and the Rise of Europe |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691222875 |page=22}}</ref> They were eventually defeated and expelled in 975.<ref>Manfred, W: "International Journal of Middle East Studies", pages 59–79, Vol. 12, No. 1. Middle East Studies Association of North America, 1980.</ref>