Content deleted Content added
m Tag: Reverted |
|||
Line 10: '''Islamic terrorism''' (also known as '''Islamist terrorism''' or '''radical Islamic terrorism''') refers to [[Terrorism|terrorist acts]] with [[religious terrorism|religious motivations]] carried out by [[Islamic fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] [[militant]] [[Islamism|Islamists]] and [[Islamic extremism|Islamic extremists]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author1-last=Norton |author1-first=Richard A. |author1-link=Augustus Richard Norton |author2-last=Kéchichian |author2-first=Joseph A. |author2-link=Joseph A. Kéchichian |title=Terrorism |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |location=[[Oxford]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0796 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Thomas Hegghammer |title=Terrorism |editor1-last=Böwering |editor1-first=Gerhard |editor1-link=Gerhard Böwering |editor2-last=Crone |editor2-first=Patricia |editor2-link=Patricia Crone |encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2013 |pages=545–547}}</ref><ref name="French 2020">{{cite book |last=French |first=Nathan S. |year=2020 |chapter=A Jihadi-Salafi Legal Tradition? Debating Authority and Martyrdom |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWHdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |title=And God Knows the Martyrs: Martyrdom and Violence in Jihadi-Salafism |location=[[Oxford]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190092153.003.0002 |pages=36–69 |isbn=978-0-19-009215-3 |lccn=2019042378}}</ref> Incidents and fatalities from Islamic terrorism have been concentrated in eight [[Muslim-majority countries]] ([[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Afghanistan]], [[Egypt]], [[Iraq]], [[Libya]], [[Religious violence in Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[Terrorism in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Somalia]], and [[Terrorism in Syria|Syria]]) Since at least the 1990s, these terrorist incidents have occurred on a global scale, affecting not only Muslim-majority countries in Africa and Asia, but also [[Terrorism in Russia|Russia]], [[Terrorism in Australia|Australia]], [[Terrorism in Canada|Canada]], [[Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israel]], [[Terrorism in India|India]], the [[Terrorism in the United States|United States]], [[Terrorism in China|China]], the [[Terrorism in the Philippines|Philippines]], [[Terrorism in Thailand|Thailand]], and countries within [[Islamic terrorism in Europe|Europe]]. Such attacks have targeted both [[Muslims]] and non-Muslims,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|title=Isis: a contrived ideology justifying barbarism and sexual control|first=Mona|last=Siddiqui|author-link=Mona Siddiqui|work=The Guardian |date=23 August 2014|access-date=7 January 2015 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824131118/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria |archive-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> with one study finding 80% of terrorist victims to be Muslims.<ref>The study was conducted by a French non-governmental organization. {{Cite journal|last1=Ritchie|first1=Hannah|last2=Hasell|first2=Joe|last3=Appel|first3=Cameron|last4=Roser|first4=Max|date=28 July 2013|title=Terrorism|url=https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism|journal=Our World in Data}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Overwhelming majority of terror victims are Muslims|url=https://www.trtworld.com/mea/overwhelming-majority-of-terror-victims-are-muslims-31586|access-date=31 October 2020|website=Overwhelming majority of terror victims are Muslims|language=en}}</ref> Another study finds 90% of terrorist victims to be of the Muslim faith.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fondapol.org/dans-les-medias/islamists-have-killed-167096-people-since-1979-most-of-them-were-muslims/|date=November 2019|title=Islamists have killed 167,096 people since 1979}}</ref> In a number of the worst-affected Muslim-majority regions, these terrorists have been met by armed, independent resistance groups,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/01/kurdish-peshmerga-kobani-isis-syria|title=Kurdish peshmerga forces arrive in Kobani to bolster fight against Isis|author=Constanze Letsch|work=The Guardian|date=November 2014|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> state actors and their [[proxy war|proxies]], and elsewhere by condemnation by prominent Islamic figures.<ref name=kurzman>{{cite web|url=http://kurzman.unc.edu/islamic-statements-against-terrorism/|title=Islamic Statements Against Terrorism |author=Charles Kurzman|publisher=UNC.edu|author-link=Charles Kurzman|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="australia.to" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/388593/moderate-muslims-stand-against-isis-christine-sisto|title=Moderate Muslims Stand against ISIS |author=Christine Sisto|work=National Review|access-date=7 January 2015 |date=23 September 2014}}</ref> Journalists have also become targets of Islamic terrorism, particularly for the depiction of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]], with the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting]] being protested by millions in [[France]]. | |||