Ivan Puluj: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| death_place = [[Smíchov]], [[Austria-Hungary]]<br>(now a district of [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]])

| alma_mater = [[University of Vienna]]<br>[[University of Strasbourg]]

| known_for = Discovery of [[X-ray]]s

| spouse = {{marriage|Kateřina Stožicky|1884}}

| children = 6

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| doctoral_advisor = [[August Kundt]]

}}

'''Ivan Pavlovych Puluj''' ({{lang-uk|Іван Павлович Пулюй}}, {{IPA|uk|iˈwɑn pʊˈlʲuj|pron}}; {{lang-de|Johann Puluj}}; 2 February 1845 – 31 January 1918) was a Ukrainian [[physicist]] and inventor who has been championed as an early developer of the use ofdiscovered [[X-ray]]s forindependently of [[medicalWilhelm imagingRöntgen]]. His contributions were largely neglected until the end of the 20th century.

==Biography==

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He graduated with honors from Theological Faculty of the [[University of Vienna]] (1869), later also from the Department of Philosophy (1872). In 1876 Pului finished his doctorate on internal friction in gases at the [[University of Strasbourg]] under supervision of [[August Kundt]]. Puluj taught at the Navy academy in [[Fiume]] ([[Rijeka]], [[Croatia]]) (1874–1876), [[University of Vienna]] (1874–1884) and the [[Czech Technical University in Prague|Imperial-Royal German Technical University]] in Prague (1884–1916). He served as the rector of the Imperial-Royal German Technical University ({{lang-de|Kaiserlich-Königlich Deutsche Technische Hochschule}}) in 1888–1889.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/diekkdeutschetec00prag/page/190/mode/2up?q=puluj |title=Die K.K. Deutsche technische Hochschule in Prag, 1806–1906. |date=1906 |place=Prague|language=de|page=191}}</ref> Puluj also worked as a state adviser on electrical engineering for [[Bohemia]]n and [[Moravia]]n local governments.

In addition, he completed [[Kulish's Bible|a translation]] of the [[Bible]] into the [[Ukrainian language]].<ref>[http://www.tntu.edu.ua/?l=en&p=university/puluj Ivan Pul'uj] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308025558/http://www.tntu.edu.ua/?l=en&p=university%2Fpuluj |date= 8 March 2012 }}. TNTU.edu.ua. Retrieved on 8 May 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/religion.and.society/interview/article%3B15456/ Комментарии]. Risu.org.ua. Retrieved on 8 May 2014. {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120919101157/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/religion.and.society/interview/article;15456/ |date=19 September 2012 }}</ref>

==Personal life==

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[[File:Apparat nach Puluj.png|thumb|Puluj's apparatus for determining the mechanical equivalent of heat]]Puluj did heavy research into [[cathode ray]]s, publishing several papers about those rays between 1880 and 1882. In 1881 as a result of [[experiment]]s into what he called ''cold light'' Prof. Puluj developed the Puluj lamp.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205092029/http://www.uibk.ac.at/exphys/museum/en/details/tubes/puluj.html Puluj-Röhre, 1870]. uibk.ac.at</ref> Puluj experimented with his new device and published his results in a [[scientific paper]], ''Luminous Electrical Matter and the Fourth State of Matter'' in the ''Notes of the Austrian Imperial Academy of Sciences'' (1880–1883), but expressed his ideas in an obscure manner using obsolete terminology. Puluj did gain some recognition when the work was translated and published as a book by the [[Royal Society]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]].<ref name="Kulynyak">{{cite journal|last=Kulynyak|first=Danylo |date=9 July 2000|title=Ivan Pului, the discoverer of X-rays|journal=Ukrainian Weekly|publisher=[[Ukrainian National Association|Ukrainian National Association, Inc]]|location=Parsippany, NJ|volume=68|issue=23|page=6}}</ref>

While Puluj's findingfindings were essentially X-rays, which he reported his results 6 weeks after [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] publishedreported his,.<ref name=mayo>{{cite journal

|last = Gaida

|first = Roman

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|archivedate = 28 May 2008

|accessdate =6 April 2008|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

and can not be credited with the discovery of X-rays.

Puluj made many other discoveries as well. He is particularly noted{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} for inventing a device for determining the [[mechanical equivalent of heat]] that was exhibited at the ''[[Exposition Universelle (1878)|Exposition Universelle]]'', [[Paris]], 1878. Puluj also participated in opening of several [[power plant]]s in Austria-Hungary.<ref>Czech language [https://archive.today/20120713111027/http://ctn.cvut.cz/pt/download.php?id=169 biographical article] in the journal of the [[Czech Technical University]] (2005, No 2, p. 39-40) mentions details and problems Puljui met during the construction of early power plants in the Czech lands.</ref>