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==Trends==
===Israel===
Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in israelithe jewishIsraeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the [[Jewish diaspora|diaspora]]). Jewish immigration to Palestine began in earnest following the 1839 [[Tanzimat]] reforms; between 1840 and 1880, the Jewish population of Palestine rose from 9,000 to 23,000.<ref name=Salmon>{{cite journal | last=Salmon | first=Yosef | title=Ideology and Reality in the Bilu "Aliyah" | journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies | publisher=[President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute] | volume=2 | issue=4 | year=1978 | issn=0363-5570 | jstor=41035804 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41035804 | access-date=2023-02-03|page=431|quote=Jewish influx into Palestine. Between 1880 and 1907, the number of Jews in Palestine grew from 23,000 to 80,000. Most of the community resided in Jerusalem, which already had a Jewish majority at the beginning of the influx. [Footnote: Mordecai Elia, Ahavar Tziyon ve-Kolel Hod (Tel Aviv, 1971), appendix A. Between 1840 and 1880 the Jewish settlement in Palestine grew in numbers from 9,000 to 23,000.] The First Aliyah accounted for only a few thousand of the new-comers, and the number of the Biluim among them was no more than a few dozen. Jewish immigration to Palestine had begun to swell in the 1840s, following the liberalization of Ottoman domestic policy (the Tanzimat Reforms) and as a result of the protection extended to immigrants by the European consulates set up at the time in Jerusalem and Jaffa. The majority of immigrants came from Eastern and Central Europe - the Russian Empire, Romania, and Hungary - and were not inspired by modern Zionist ideology. Many were motivated by a blend of traditional ideology (e.g., belief in the sanctity of the land of Israel and in the redemption of the Jewish people through the return to Zion) and practical considerations (e.g., desire to escape the worsening conditions in their lands of origin and to improve their lot in Palestine). The proto-Zionist ideas which had already crystallized in Western Europe during the late 1850s and early 1860s were gaining currency in Eastern Europe.}}</ref> In the late 19th century, 99.7% of the world's Jews lived outside the region, with Jews representing 2–5% of the [[Demographic history of Palestine (region)|population of the Palestine region]].<ref>The estimated 24,000 Jews in Palestine in 1882 represented just 0.3% of the world's Jewish population: see On, Raphael R. Bar. "ISRAEL'S NEXT CENSUS OF POPULATION AS A SOURCE OF DATA ON JEWS." Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות ה (1969): 31*-41*. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23524099.</ref><ref name="Mendel2014">{{cite book|last=Mendel|first=Yonatan|title=The Creation of Israeli Arabic: Security and Politics in Arabic Studies in Israel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWKoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT188|date=5 October 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-33737-5|pages=188|quote=Note 28: The exact percentage of Jews in Palestine prior to the rise of Zionism is unknown. However, it probably ranged from 2 to 5 per cent. According to Ottoman records, a total population of 462,465 resided in 1878 in what is today Israel/Palestine. Of this number, 403,795 (87 per cent) were Muslim, 43,659 (10 per cent) were Christian and 15,011 (3 per cent) were Jewish (quoted in Alan Dowty, Israel/Palestine, Cambridge: Polity, 2008, p. 13). See also Mark Tessler, A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1994), pp. 43 and 124.}}</ref> Through the first five phases of [[Aliyah]], the Jewish population rose to 630,000 by the inception of the state of Israel in 1948. By 2014 this had risen to 6,135,000,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yaakov Levi |title=Israel Population Now 8.3 Million - 75% Are Jewish |date=5 May 2014 |url=http://www.imemc.org/article/67716 |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=Israel National News |archive-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907052737/http://www.imemc.org/article/67716 |url-status=live }}</ref> while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.<ref name=":3">{{Citation |last=DellaPergola |first=Sergio |title=American Jewish Year Book 2015 |date=2016 |volume=115 |pages=273–364 |editor-last=Dashefsky |editor-first=Arnold |chapter=World Jewish Population, 2015 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-24505-8_7 |isbn=9783319245034 |editor2-last=Sheskin |editor2-first=Ira M.}}</ref> Current [[Demographics of Israel|Israeli Jewish demographics]] are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.<ref name=CBS_fertility>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2012 |title=Fertility Rates, by Age and Religion |url=http://cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=%2Fshnaton%2Fshnatone_new.htm&CYear=2013&Vol=64&CSubject=30&sa=Continue |access-date=6 September 2013 |website=Statistical Abstract of Israel |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=5 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105104614/http://cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=%2Fshnaton%2Fshnatone_new.htm&CYear=2013&Vol=64&CSubject=30&sa=Continue |url-status=live }}</ref> The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Data: Arab Growth Slows, Still Higher than Jewish Rate |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/164179 |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=Israel National News |archive-date=26 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826113031/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/164179 |url-status=live }}</ref> The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.<ref name=:3/>
Immigration trends also favour Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called [[aliyah]] in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former [[Soviet Union]] in the 1990s,<ref name=bjpa>[http://bjpa.org/Publications/downloadPublication.cfm?PublicationID=11924 Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105203728/http://bjpa.org/Publications/downloadPublication.cfm?PublicationID=11924 |date=5 November 2013 }} - Mark Tolts.</ref> and immigration growth has been steady (in the low tens of thousands) since then.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration to Israel by Year |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Immigration_to_Israel.html |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |archive-date=12 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112043226/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Immigration_to_Israel.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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! {{abbr|pct|percent of total Jewish world population}}
! {{abbr|pmp|per million people in country}}
|-id=Israel [[Jerusalem]]
! scope=row {{flagg|cspet|pref=Jews in|ISR }}{{efn|Including [[East Jerusalem]] and the [[Golan Heights]], not including the [[Judea & Samaria]].|name=|group=}}
| {{n+p|6,340,600|{{lst|Total Core}}|sigfig=2|%=|disp=table}}
| 729,090
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| 11,568
| {{n/a}}
|-id="WestJudea Bankand Samaria"
! scope=row style=text-align:left | {{flag+link|Jews in the|West Bank}}{{efn|Judea and Samaria total population{{when|date=December 2023}} (without East Jerusalem): 2,548,700; Gaza: 1,839,900; Total: 4,388,600. The West Bank also includes 404,600 Jews and 8,600 non-Jewish Israelis, for a total of 413,200 Jews and others. The Jewish population of the West Bank consists of Israeli citizens living in [[Israeli settlements]] who are treated as residents of Israel under Israeli law. The reported West Bank total of 2,961,900 includes Palestinian, Jewish and other residents.}}
| {{n+p|432,800|{{lst|Total Core}}|sigfig=2|%=|disp=table}}
|