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Line 3: {{Refimprove|date=April 2011}} {{cite check}} {{third-party}} {{Infobox governor |honorific-prefix = Line 69 ⟶ 70: |awards = }} '''Juan Manuel de Rosas''' (born '''Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y López de Osornio'''; March 30, 1793 – March 14, 1877), was an [[Argentine]] [[caudillo]] who served as governor of the Buenos Aires province and Supreme Chief of the [[Argentine Confederation]]. He was born to a wealthy family in the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]], but became a successful cattle ranching businessman by his own determination. A controversial figure, Rosas' support for both [[democracy]] and [[authoritarianism]] has baffled critics and historians, who to this day hold opposing views of the caudillo.{{citation needed}} The political career of Juan Manuel de Rosas began in 1820, amidst the [[Argentine Civil Wars]]. In [[Buenos Aires]], Rosas became leader of an effective armed resistance which propelled him to the governorship in 1829. Later, as leader of the [[Federal Pact]], Rosas fought the [[Unitarian League]], defeating it in 1831. His remaining term as governor oversaw economic and political stability through the formation of the Argentine Confederation, a [[federated state|federation of states]] modeled after the [[United States of America]]. After his term ended in 1832, Rosas refused to run again despite overwhelming popular support.{{citation needed}} Returing to the [[Pampas]], Rosas' focus shifted to securing the frontier from Amerindian [[malón|malones]] (raiding bands) who attacked Argentine settlements. After securing alliances with friendly indigenous groups, he waged the 1832 [[First Conquest of the Desert]] against the [[Ranquel]] and [[Mapuche]]. The triumphant campaign greatly increased Buenos Aires' territory and pacified the Amerindians. In 1835, continuing political instability and the controversial murder of [[Facundo Quiroga]] paved the way for Rosas' return to the governorship of Buenos Aires. He was elected by popular vote and given the [[sum of public power]].{{citation needed}} Rosas' second term was marked by a strict social order lauded by his supporters and criticized for its brutality by his opponents. Although slavery was not abolished during his rule, Rosas sponsored liberal policies allowing them greater liberties.{{or}}{{citation needed}} Rosas' second term also dealt with [[War of the Confederation|a conflict]] against the [[Peru–Bolivian Confederation]], as well as maritime blockades [[French blockade of the Río de la Plata|imposed by France]] and [[Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata|the United Kingdom]], continuing problems with the Unitarians, and a belligerent [[Uruguay]] led by the [[Colorado Party (Uruguay)|Colorado Party]]. Ultimately, in the later stages of the ''[[Uruguayan Civil War|Guerra Grande]]'', [[Justo José de Urquiza]] (governor of [[Entre Ríos province|Entre Ríos]]) united Rosas' political opponents and Brazil to [[Platine War|decisively defeat Rosas]] in the 1852 [[Battle of Caseros]]. Deposed from power, Juan Manuel de Rosas spent the rest of his life exiled in [[Southampton]], United Kingdom. | |||