Judaeo-Spanish: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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Until recent times, the language was widely spoken throughout the Balkans, Turkey/Western Asia and North Africa, as Judaeo-Spanish had been brought there by the Jewish refugees.<ref>[http://www.sephardicstudies.org/quickladino.html "Ladinoikonunita: A quick explanation of Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish)]. Sephardicstudies.org. Retrieved on 19 October 2011.</ref>

The contact among Jews of different regions and languages, including [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Leonese language|Leonese]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] developed a unified dialect, differing in some aspects from the Spanish norm that was forming simultaneously in Spain, but some of the mixing may have already occurred in exile rather than in the Iberian Peninsula. The language was known as ''Yahudice'' (Jewish language) in the Ottoman Empire. In the late 18th century, Ottoman poet Enderunlu Fazıl ([[Fazyl bin Tahir Enderuni]]) wrote in his ''[[Zenanname]]'': "Castilians speak the Jewish language but they are not Jews."

In the 16th century, the development Judeo-Spanish was significantly influenced by the extensive mobility of Sephardic Jews. By the end of the century, Spanish had become the dominant language of commerce for Sephardic communities across Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Jonathan Stewart |title=After expulsion: 1492 and the making of Sephardic Jewry |date=2013 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-2911-3 |location=New York |page=137–138}}</ref> This standardization was further supported by practices such as hiring tutors to teach Castilian in [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew script]], as noted in a 1600 deposition from [[Pisa]]. Additionally, itinerant rabbis who preached in the vernacular contributed to the spread and standardization of Judeo-Spanish among diverse Sephardic congregations, including those in Greek- and Arabic-speaking regions.<ref name=":2" />

The language was known as ''Yahudice'' (Jewish language) in the Ottoman Empire. In the late 18th century, Ottoman poet Enderunlu Fazıl ([[Fazyl bin Tahir Enderuni]]) wrote in his ''[[Zenanname]]'': "Castilians speak the Jewish language but they are not Jews."

The closeness and mutual comprehensibility between Judaeo-Spanish and Spanish favoured trade among Sephardim, often relatives, from the Ottoman Empire to the Netherlands and the ''[[converso]]s'' of the Iberian Peninsula.