Kanhaiya Misl: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The '''Kanhaiya''' '''Misl''' was one of the twelve misls of the [[Sikh Confederacy]]. It had been founded by {{Anchor|Misaldar Jai Singh Kanhaiya a Sandhu Jat}} [[Sandhu]] [[Jat people|Jats]].<ref name=SH4>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-kanhaiya.html |title=Kanhaiya misl of Sandhu Jats |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815162834/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-kanhaiya.html |archive-date=15 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}{{Verification needed|date=October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhir |first=Krishna S. |url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=jVx6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA536&dq=Kanhaiya+misl/?under+Sandhu%25Jats#_.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPsfuK6vyIAxVXMtAFHTvEOLYQ6AF6BAgHEAM |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |date=2022-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4301-1 |page=536 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=AUhOAQAAMAAJ&q=Kanhaiya?misl/&under+Sandhu%25Jats#_.&dq=Kanhaiya?misl/&under+Sandhu%25Jats#_.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjW6aq16vyIAxUhMdAFHSgiOpEQ6AF6BAgOEAM |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: E-L |date=1992 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-204-1 |page=623 |language=en |quote=Kanhaiya clan or chiefship, commonly designated mist, was a Sandhü Jay of the village of Kähnä, 21 km southwest of Lahore on the road to Firozpur. He had an humble origin, his father Khushäl (Singh)...}}</ref>

{{Misls}}

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The '''Kanhaiya''' '''Misl''' was one of the twelve misls of the [[Sikh Confederacy]]. It had been founded by [[Sandhu]] [[Jat people|Jat]]s.<ref name=SH4>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-kanhaiya.html |title=Kanhaiya misl of Sandhu Jats |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815162834/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-kanhaiya.html |archive-date=15 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History‌History ==

{{See also|Sikh Confederacy}}

Jai Singh Sandhu (son of Khushal Singh) of the village [[Kahna Nau|Kanha]] (district [[Lahore]]) was the founder of this ''Misl''; hence the misl came to known as Kanhaiya Misl; another founder leader of this Misl was Amar Singh of Kingra village.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H. S. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/243621542 |title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 entries) |date=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |isbn=81-7010-301-0 |location=New Delhi |page=119 |oclc=243621542}}</ref> [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya|Jai Singh]] and his brother Jhanda Singh had got initiation from the ''jatha'' of (''Nawab'') [[Nawab Kapur Singh|Kapur Singh]]; when all the Sikh Jathas were organised into [[Misl|11 Misls]], Jai Singh’s ''jatha'' was named as Kanhaiya Misl.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/123308032 |title=History of the Sikhs |date=1999–2001 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=81-215-0540-2 |volume=IV - The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls |location=New Delhi |pages=256–268 |oclc=123308032}}</ref>

{{Anchor|Early Phase of emergence}}

===Early History===

[[Sikh Confederacy|Amar Singh Kingra]] led a band of around 100 Sikh youths, with '''Jai Singh''', a Sandhu Jat from <u>Kanha Kachha</u> village, 21 kilometers east of [[Lahore, Pakistan|Lahore‌ ‌]], serving as his trusted deputy. Jai Singh's father, Khushhal Singh, made a living selling grass and wood in Lahore, but Jai Singh yearned for more, inspired by the daring exploits of the Sikhs. He took the sacred vows of Sikhism, known as pahul, from Nawab Kapur Singh and joined Amar Singh Kingra's band<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd}}{{Cn|date=October 2024}}</ref>

[[Haqiqat Singh Kanhaiya]], Jeewan Singh, Tara Singh and Mehtab Singh (all four from village Julka, about 6 km from village Kanha) too were senior generals of this Misl.

===Foundation (1748-1812)===

In the battle of 1754, Jhanda Singh (brother of Jai Singh) died; after this Jai Singh married the widow of Jhanda Singh. Jai Singh was an adventurous general; he attacked areas around [[Pathankot]] and captured a lot of territory including [[Pathankot]], [[Hajipur, Punjab|Hajipur]], [[Datarpur]], [[Sujanpur]] and [[Mukerian]]; in 1770, he captured a large tract of [[Jammu|Jammu State]] from its [[Hindu]] [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra]] rulers.

[[Jai Singh Kanhaiya|Jai Singh]] nickname, "''Kanha''" or "''Kanhiya''", stemmed from his village's name, his handsome appearance, reminiscent of Krishna Kanhiya, and his quick reflexes. Under this name, he became the leader of the band, renowned for his bravery and daring. In January 1754, Jai Singh and [[Charat Singh|Charat Singh Sukarchakia]] disguised themselves as Muslims troops and entered Lahore through the Shah Alami Gate, plundering wealthy merchants and jewelers near the Begams' palaces, Parimahal and Rangmahal .<ref name="Singha, Bhagata 1993">Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India:Publication Bureau, Punjabi University.</ref>

=== Succession of Jai Singh ===

[[Sobha Singh (Sikh chieftain)|Sobha Singh]], one of the triumvirates who ruled over [[Lahore]] in the late 18th century prior to the leadership of [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], was from the Kanhaiya Misl.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Majid |date=2015-06-28 |title=HARKING BACK: Amazing genius of Gujjar Singh and his Lahore 'qila' |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1190931 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

Eventually same year, [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya|Jai Singh's]] brother, '''Jhanda Singh''', fell in battle against Nidhan Singh Randhawa at [[Rawalakot|Raval Kot]]. Jai Singh took Jhanda Singh's widow, Desan, as his wife, and in 1759, she gave birth to [[Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya]]. Gurbakhsh Singh's first marriage was to [[Nabha State|Hamir Singh of Nabha's]] daughter, followed by a marriage at age nine to Sada Kaur, daughter of Dasaundha Singh of Ankolwala, although some sources suggest [[Sada Kaur]] was Bhuma Singh Bhangi's daughter.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Majid |date=2015-06-28 |title=HARKING BACK: Amazing genius of Gujjar Singh and his Lahore 'qila' |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1190931 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== Gallery ==

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[[Category:Misls|Kanhaiya Confederacy]]

[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]

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[[Category:Princely states of Punjab]]

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