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Line 60: | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,989<ref name="autogenerated3"/> | Gini = 27.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI = 0.628 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022 Line 82 ⟶ 81: }} '''Kiribati''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɪr|ᵻ|b|æ|s|audio=en-us-Kiribati.ogg}} {{respell|KIRR|i|bass}},<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Kiribati |title = Kiribati |encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date = 27 July 2010 }} {{cite web |url = http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Kiribati |title = Kiribati: definition of Kiribati in Oxford dictionary (British & World English) |publisher = Oxford University Press |access-date = 31 December 2014 |archive-date = 27 May 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160527071902/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/kiribati |url-status = dead }}</ref> {{IPA|gil|kiɾibas|lang}}), officially the '''Republic of Kiribati''' ({{lang-gil|Ribaberiki Kiribati}}),<ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/ Kiribati]. ''The World Factbook''.</ref><ref name=r1>[http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm#fn-md* Publications Office — Interinstitutional style guide — Annex A5 — List of countries, territories and currencies]. Europa (web portal). Retrieved 28 January 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kiribati profile – Facts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16431215 |access-date=23 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |date=23 May 2013}}</ref> is an [[island country]] in the [[Micronesia]] subregion of [[Oceania]] in the central [[Pacific Ocean]]. Its permanent population is over The islands' spread straddles the [[equator]] and the [[180th meridian]], making Kiribati the only country in the world located simultaneously in all four hemispheres: the [[Northern Hemisphere|Northern]], [[Southern Hemisphere|Southern]], [[Western Hemisphere|Western]], and [[Eastern Hemisphere|Eastern]] hemispheres. The [[International Date Line]] goes around Kiribati and swings far to the east, almost reaching [[150th meridian west|150°W]]. This brings Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern [[Line Islands]] south of Hawaii, into the same day as the [[Gilbert Islands]] and places them in the most advanced time zone on Earth: [[UTC+14:00|UTC+14]]. Line 155 ⟶ 154: The Gilbert Islands gained independence as the Republic of Kiribati on 12 July 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/ki.htm|title=Kiribati Map and Information, Map of Kiribati, Facts, Figures and Geography of Kiribati -Worldatlas.com |website=worldatlas.com|language=en|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> Then, in September, the United States relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited [[Phoenix Islands|Phoenix]] and Line Islands, in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati ([[Treaty of Tarawa|ratified in 1983]]).<ref>Kiribati was then granted sovereignty on [[Canton Island]], [[Enderbury Island]], Birnie Island, Mckean Island, Rawaki, Manra, Orona, and Nikumaroro from the Phoenix Islands; and [[Teraina]], [[Tabuaeran]], [[Kiritimati]], Malden Island, Starbuck Island, Caroline Islands, Vostok Islands and Flint Island from the Line Islands.</ref> Although the indigenous [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]] name for the Gilbert Islands proper is "Tungaru", the new state chose the name "Kiribati", the Gilbertese spelling of "Gilberts", because it was more modern and as an equivalent of the former colony to acknowledge the inclusion of Banaba, the Line Islands, and the [[Phoenix Islands]]. The last two archipelagoes were never initially occupied by Gilbertese until the British authorities, and later the Republic Government, resettled Gilbertese there under resettlement schemes.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto">{{cite journal |last= Maude |first= H. E. |year= 1952 |title= The colonisation of the Phoenix Islands |journal= Journal of the Polynesian Society |volume= 61 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 62–89 |url= http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_61_1952/Volume_61,_No._1_%2B_2/The_colonization_of_the_Phoenix_Islands,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_62-89/p1 |access-date= 27 February 2015 |archive-date= 14 November 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221114130302/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_61_1952/Volume_61,_No._1_+_2/The_colonization_of_the_Phoenix_Islands,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_62-89/p1 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In 1982, the first [[1982 Kiribati parliamentary election|elections since independence]] were held. A no-confidence vote provoked the [[1983 Kiribati parliamentary election|1983 new election]]. In the post-independence era, [[overcrowding]] has been an issue, at least in British and aid organisations' eyes. In 1988, an announcement was made that 4,700 residents of the main island group would be resettled onto less populated islands. In September 1994, [[Teburoro Tito]] from the opposition was elected president.<ref>{{Cite book |last=East |first=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VO4AwAAQBAJ&dq=Teburoro+Tito+25+August+1953&pg=PA274 |title=Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders |last2=Thomas |first2=Richard J. |date=2014-06-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-63940-4 |language=en}}</ref> In 1995, Kiribati unilaterally moved the [[ In June 2008, Kiribati officials asked Australia and New Zealand to accept Kiribati citizens as permanent refugees. Kiribati is expected to be the first country to lose all its land territory to [[climate change]]. In June 2008, Kiribati President Anote Tong said that the country had reached "the point of no return." He added, "To plan for the day when you no longer have a country is indeed painful but I think we have to do that."<ref>{{cite news |title=Leader of disappearing island nation says climate change an issue of survival, not economics |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/05/asia/AS-GEN-New-Zealand-World-Environment-Day.php |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press|date=5 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605183737/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/05/asia/AS-GEN-New-Zealand-World-Environment-Day.php |archive-date=5 June 2008 |location=Wellington, New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kiribati's President: 'Our Lives Are at Stake' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=3002001 |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=American Broadcasting Company |date=7 May 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marks |first1=Kathy |title=Paradise lost: climate change forces South Sea islanders to seek sanctuary abroad |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/paradise-lost-climate-change-forces-south-sea-islanders-to-seek-sanctuary-abroad-841409.html |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=The Independent|date=6 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Suchit |title=Tiny atoll in Pacific cries out for help |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Tiny-atoll-in-Pacific-cries-out-for-help/articleshow/3104328.cms |access-date=23 July 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=6 June 2008 |location=Wellington/Christchurch}}</ref> Line 219 ⟶ 218: === Administrative divisions === {{Main|List of islands of Kiribati}} [[File:CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG|thumb|[[Line Islands]]: [[ [[File:Marakei Atoll.jpg|thumb|[[Marakei]], North Gilbert Islands]] There are 21 inhabited islands in Kiribati. Kiribati can be geographically divided into three [[archipelago]]es or groups of islands, which have no administrative functions. They are: Line 234 ⟶ 233: * [[Line Islands]] Four of the former districts (including Tarawa) lie in the Gilbert Islands, where most of the country's population lives. Five of the Line Islands are uninhabited ([[Malden Island]], [[Starbuck Island]], [[ Each of the 21 inhabited islands<ref name=CIA/> has its own local council that takes care of daily affairs. There is one council for each inhabited island, with two exceptions: Tarawa Atoll has three councils: [[Betio]] Town Council, {{ill|Teinainano Urban Council|it}} (TUC) (for the rest of [[South Tarawa]]) and Eutan Tarawa Council (ETC) (for [[North Tarawa]]); and [[Tabiteuea]] has two councils.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiribati |url=https://dlab.epfl.ch/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/k/Kiribati.htm |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=dlab.epfl.ch}}</ref> Line 674 ⟶ 673: * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/ Kiribati]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085059/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kiribati.htm Kiribati] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' (archived 7 June 2008)
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16431122 Kiribati] from the [[BBC News]] * {{wikiatlas|Kiribati}} * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110615/http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/exploration/wilkes/wilkes.html Exhibit: The Alfred Agate Collection: The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838–1842] from the Navy Art Gallery (archived 14 January 2012) * [https://kiribati-data.sprep.org/dataset/birds-kiribati Birds of Kiribati] from [[Conservation International]] |