Kruys: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{Short description|Dutch patrician family}}
{{Infobox noble house
|surname = Kruys
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|country = [[Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|22px]] [[Netherlands]]
|styles =
|founded = Seventeenth Centurycentury
}}
'''Kruys''' is an old [[List_of_Dutch_patrician_families|Dutch Patrician family]]. Since the seventeenth century members of the Kruys family have been active in the Dutch National Cabinet, town councils, Royal DutchNetherlands Navy command and the international business and trade community.
== History ==
The family name Kruys first appeared in the seventeenth century in the eastern part of [[Netherlands|the Netherlands]]. A common early spelling variant is 'Kruijs'. The name is derived from the Dutch word for 'cross' (Dutch: 'kruis'), which is one of the main elements in the family coat of arms. A common early spelling variant is 'Kruijs'.<ref name="BlueBook1">"[https://www.blauweboekje.nl/kruys The Blue Book (Kruys)]" (Blauwe Boekje), Nederland's Patriciaat (in Dutch).</ref>
The oldest known family member is Lambert Koeps (Kops, Coops), born in [[Vriezenveen]] in 1585 or 1586. His grandson Berend (1610-16821610–1682) was the first to carry the name Kruys. Claas Jansen Kruys (1667-17391667–1739) was church master and magistrate ([[Schout]]) of Vriezenveen from 1709- to 1739, and [[J._Kruys|Jan Kruys]] (1767-18301767–1830) became the first Mayor of Vriezenveen from 1825- to 1830.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
Over the centuries Kruys family members have settled in [[Rusluie|St Petersburg, Russia]] (between 1720 and 1917), the former [[Dutch East Indies]] (Indonesia), the [[United Kingdom]], [[Sweden]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]].<ref>[https://www.canonvannederland.nl/nl/overijssel/twente/vriezenveen/een-jongen-ging-op-reis Een jongen ging op reis]. Van Vriezenveen naar Sint Petersburg (in Dutch]).</ref><ref name="Archive1">" [https://proxy.archieven.nl/0/E06190C9003D43899980B04BBE261BD0 Familiearchief Kruys]. Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie (NIMH) (in Dutch).</ref>
The genealogy of the Kruys family has been recorded since 1914 in the [[Nederland's Patriciaat|the Dutch Patriciate]] Blue Book (Blauwe Boekje]), published by the [[CBG Centrum voor familiegeschiedenis|Centrum voor familiegeschiedenis]] in The Hague. The Kruys family archives are kept at the [https[://www.nimh.nl/ :Nederlands_Instituut_voor_Militaire_Historie|Dutch Institute of Military History] (NIMH)] in The Hague and the [https[://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/ :Historisch_Museum_Vriezenveen|Historical Museum in Vriezenveen]].<ref name="Archive1"/>▼
The Kruys family [[coat of arms]] has been in use since the nineteenth century, according to lacquer prints in the family. An early nineteenth-century stamp seal, owned by the family, in which the oak tree appears with the inscription “Magistrate of Vriezenveen”, suggests that the oak tree is the original shield element of the coat of arms, and the left part is a nineteenth-century addition.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
==Coat of arms==
[[File:Kruys Family 1918.jpg|thumb|The Kruys family
(ca. 1913)]]
The Kruys family [[coat of arms]] andhas thebeen municipalin coatuse ofsince armsthe ofnineteenth thecentury, Dutchaccording townto [[Vriezenveen]]lacquer prints in the provincefamily. ofAn [[Overijssel]],early probablynineteenth-century havestamp theseal, sameowned origin.by Thethe Kruys shield elements arefamily, in gold,which a greenthe oak tree plantedappears on loose soil. Onwith the otherinscription side"Magistrate twoof cross sections: in blueVriezenveen", asuggests silverthat Maltesethe crossoak andtree underneath,is inthe silver,original threeshield blueelement crossbars.of Thethe crest consistscoat of thearms, cross fromand the shield,left withpart silveris anda bluenineteenth-century mantlingaddition.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
The Kruys shield elements are, in gold, a green oak tree planted on loose soil. On the other side two cross sections: in blue, a silver Maltese cross and underneath, in silver, three blue crossbars. The crest consists of the cross from the shield, with silver and blue mantling. Some have suggested that the Kruys family coat of arms and the municipal coat of arms of the Dutch town [[:nl:Wapen_van_Vriezenveen|Vriezenveen]] in the province of [[Overijssel]], have the same origin.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
▲The genealogy of the Kruys family has been recorded since 1914 in the [[Nederland's Patriciaat|the Dutch Patriciate]] Blue Book (Blauwe Boekje]), published by the [[CBG Centrum voor familiegeschiedenis|Centrum voor familiegeschiedenis]] in The Hague. The Kruys family archives are kept at the [https://www.nimh.nl/ Dutch Institute of Military History] (NIMH) in The Hague and the [https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/ Historical Museum Vriezenveen].<ref name="Archive1"/>
==Notable members==
[[File:G.Gerhardus Kruijs2Kruys 1838-1902.jpg|thumb|alt=Minister and vice admiral Gerhardus Kruys|Minister and vice admiral Gerhardus Kruys]]
===Gerhardus Kruys (1838-19021838–1902)===
[[:nl:Gerhardus_Kruys|Gerhardus Kruys]] was born in Vriezenveen, on 21 August, 1838. His father, Claas Kruys (1802-18771802–1877), was mayorMayor of Vriezenveen.<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09lljbk9wr/g_kruys G. Kruys]. Parlement.com (in Dutch).</ref>
Gerhardus was chief of the Royal DutchNetherlands Navy when he first became [[Minister_of_the_Navy_(Netherlands)|ministerMinister of Navy]]. He served in the [[Mackay cabinet|Mackay Government]] (from 31 March 1891-21 August 1891) and later in the [[Kuyper cabinet|Kuyper Government]] (1 August 1901-121901–12 December 1902).<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8wsj/kabinet_mackay_1888_1891 Kabinet-Mackay (1888-18911888–1891)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch).</ref><ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws8/kabinet_kuyper_1901_1905 Kabinet-Kuyper (1901-19051901–1905)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch).</ref>
During his career he was commander of the Navy in the Dutch East Indies and chief of the Navy Department in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]]. In 1888 he became a member of a committee tasked with reviewing the Dutch defence legislation.<ref>De mail. Java bode, 14 juli 1888 (In Dutch).</ref>
On 1 August 1894, Gerhardus was promoted to vice admiral. He was awarded [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Commander of the Order of the Lion of The Netherlands]] (Commandeur in de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw).▼
In 1892 he was part of a committee that made recommendations to modernise the defence force. He advocated for the development of armoured ships and [[Armored_cruiser|cruisers]] by the Royal Netherlands Navy. At the end of the nineteenth century, this led to the construction of HNLMS [[HNLMS Piet Hein (1894)|''Piet Hein'']] and other ships in the [[Evertsen-class coastal defence ship|''Evertsen'' class]] and the production of six protected cruisers in the [[Holland-class cruiser|''Holland'' class]].<ref>[https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/457206/Anten%2C_Jaap._Navalisme_nekt_onderzeeboot.pdf Navalisme Nekt Onderzeeboot; De invloed van buitenlandse zeestrategieën op de Nederlandse zeestrategie voor de defensie van Nederlands-Indië, 1912–1942.] J. Anten. Universiteit Leiden. Amsterdam University Press, 2011 (In Dutch).</ref>
Gerhardus and his wife Elisabeth Gallas (1843-1919) had two daughters and seven sons. Six of his sons became Navy Officers, including vice admiraal [[:nl:Theodoor_Louis_Kruys|Theodoor Louis Kruys]] (1884-1940). ▼
▲On 1 August 1894, Gerhardus was promoted to vice admiral. He was awarded [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Commander of the Order of the Lion of The Netherlands]] (Commandeur in de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw).<ref>Minister Kruys. Algemeen Handelsblad, 12 December 1902 (In Dutch).</ref>
His grandson Gerhardus Kruys (1907-1982) was a captain in the Royal Dutch Navy. Another grandson, [[WJ Kruys|Willem Jan Kruys]] (1906-1985) became vice admiral.<ref name="Archive1"/> A third grandson, naval lieutenant Gerhard Rudolph Kruys (1913-1941), died during [[World War II]] at the age of 28.<ref name="KXVII">"[https://onderzeeboot.org/en/submarines/submarine-hms-k-xvii/ Submarine HMS K XVII]. Submarines Survivors Foundation 1940-1945.</ref>▼
▲Gerhardus and his wife Elisabeth Gallas (1843-19191843–1919) had two daughters and seven sons. Six of his sons became Navy Officers, including vice admiraal [[:nl:Theodoor_Louis_Kruys|Theodoor Louis Kruys]] (1884-19401884–1940).
Gerhardus passed away in [[The Hague]] on 12 December 1902, at the age of 64. He was buried at [[Oud Eik en Duinen]] cemetery. <ref name="BlueBook1"/>▼
▲His grandson Gerhardus Kruys (1907-19821907–1982) was a captain in the Royal DutchNetherlands Navy. Another grandson, [[WJ Kruys|Willem Jan Kruys]] (1906-19851906–1985) became vice admiral.<ref name="Archive1"/> A third grandson, naval lieutenant Gerhard Rudolph Kruys (1913-19411913–1941), died during [[World War II]] at the age of 28.<ref name="KXVII">"[https://onderzeeboot.org/en/submarines/submarine-hms-k-xvii/ Submarine HMS K XVII]. Submarines Survivors Foundation 1940-19451940–1945.</ref>
===Hendrik Kruys (1851-1907)===▼
[[File:Hendrik Kruys.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Hendrik Kruys and family|Hendrik Kruys and his wife Alida Boom had 4 children]]▼
Gerhardus' brother, Hendrik Kruys, was a successful [[merchant]] and member of the ‘[[Rusluie]]’, a community of Dutch expats living in the city of [[Saint Petersburg|St Petersburg]] in Russia between 1720 and 1917. They originally came from the town of Vriezenveen in the Netherlands,<ref>"[https://www.trouw.nl/voorpagina/popov-stamt-uit-vriezenveen~b2d34571/ Popov stamt uit Vriezenveen"]. Gert Jan Rohmensen. Trouw, 25 september 2003 (in Dutch).</ref> and the community included several members of the Kruys family.<ref name="DutchColony1">"[https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/van-assimilatie-tot-segregatie-de-nederlandse-kolonie-in-sint-pet Van assimilatie tot segregatie: de Nederlandse kolonie in Sint-Petersburg. 1856-1917]". Jelena Sergejevna van Wijngaarden-Xiounina. Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen 2007 (in Dutch).</ref><ref>[https://www.oudvriezenveen.nl/dorpsgeschiedenis/rusluie/rusluienamen Vriezenveners in St. Petersburg]. Vereniging oud Vriezenveen (in Dutch).</ref> ▼
▲Gerhardus passed away in [[The Hague]] on 12 December 1902, at the age of 64. He was buried at [[Oud Eik en Duinen]] cemetery. <ref name="BlueBook1"/><ref>Staten Generaal. Eerste kamer, vergadering van Maandag 20 Dec. De avondpost, 30 December 1902 (In Dutch).</ref>
According to a description in the diary of Hendrik's uncle Jacob Kruys (1812-1852), the 2,400 km journey from Vriezenveen to St Petersburg led through [[Osnabrück]], [[Berlin]] and [[Riga]], and took 15 days by covered wagon.<ref>[https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/jacob-kruys-een-historisch-reisverslag Jacob Kruys – een historisch reisverslag]. Gert Pape, Historisch Museum van Vriezenveen (in Dutch). </ref>▼
▲===Hendrik Kruys (1851-19071851–1907)===
In 1868 Hendrik travelled with his father Claas Kruys (1802-1877) to St Petersburg, where he became an apprentice at Engberts & Co, selling linnen. Eight years later, Hendrik started his own trading house, [https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/2018/10/31/moderne-programmeertalen ‘Java’], on Grosse Morskaya 38 in St Petersburg, where he sold [[Coffee production in Indonesia|coffee]], as well as cocoa, tea, spices, liquor and other products. As cocoa became more popular in Russia, his business flourished and Hendrik eventually owned a total of six specialty shops in the Russian city. He was also the sole representative for [https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blooker_(fabriek) Blooker’s cocoa] in Russia and made many sales trips across [[European Russia]].<ref>[https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/2018/10/31/moderne-programmeertalen Moderne Programmeertalen]. Historisch Museum van Vriezenveen (in Dutch). </ref>▼
▲[[File:Hendrik Kruys.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Hendrik Kruys and family|Hendrik Kruys andwith his wife Alida Boom had 4family children(1896)]]
▲Gerhardus' half brother, [[Hendrik Kruys]], was a successful [[merchant]]trader and member of the ‘[[Rusluie]]’, a community of Dutch expats living in the city of [[Saint Petersburg|St Petersburg]] in Russia between 1720 and 1917. They originally came from the town of Vriezenveen in the Netherlands,<ref>"[https://www.trouw.nl/voorpagina/popov-stamt-uit-vriezenveen~b2d34571/ Popov stamt uit Vriezenveen"]. Gert Jan Rohmensen. Trouw, 25 septemberSeptember 2003 (in Dutch).</ref> and the community included several members of the Kruys family.<ref name="DutchColony1">"[https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/van-assimilatie-tot-segregatie-de-nederlandse-kolonie-in-sint-pet Van assimilatie tot segregatie: de Nederlandse kolonie in Sint-Petersburg. 1856-19171856–1917]". Jelena Sergejevna van Wijngaarden-Xiounina. Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen 2007 (in Dutch).</ref><ref>[https://www.oudvriezenveen.nl/dorpsgeschiedenis/rusluie/rusluienamen Vriezenveners in St. Petersburg]. Vereniging oud Vriezenveen (in Dutch).</ref>
▲According to a description in the diary of Hendrik's uncle Jacob Kruys (1812-18521812–1852), the 2,400 kmkilometres journey by covered wagon from Vriezenveen to StSaint Petersburg led through [[Osnabrück]], [[Berlin]] and [[Riga]], and took 15 days byat coveredthe wagontime.<ref>[https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/jacob-kruys-een-historisch-reisverslag Jacob Kruys – een historisch reisverslag]. Gert Pape, Historisch Museum van Vriezenveen (in Dutch). </ref>
[[File:Java tradinghouse St Petersburg.jpg|thumb|alt=Java tradinghouse in St Petersburg, owned by Hendrik Kruys (1876)|Java tradinghouse in St Petersburg, owned by Hendrik Kruys (1867)]]▼
▲In 1868 Hendrik travelled withto hisSaint fatherPetersburg Claasby Kruys (1802-1877) to St Petersburgtrain, where he became an apprentice at the Dutch firm Engberts & Co, selling linnen. EightIn years later,1884 Hendrik started his own trading house, [https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/2018/10/31/moderne-programmeertalen ‘Java’], on Grosse Morskaya 38 in St Petersburg, where he sold [[Dutch Coffee productionand in Indonesia|coffee]]cocoa, as well as cocoa, tea, spices, liquor and other products. As cocoa became more popular in Russia, his business flourished and Hendrik eventually owned a total ofopened six specialtymore shopsbusinesses in the Russian city. He was also the sole representative for [https[://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/:Blooker_(fabriek) Blooker’s|Blooker's cocoa]] in Russia and made many sales trips across [[European Russia]].<ref>[https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/2018/10/31/moderne-programmeertalen Moderne Programmeertalen]. Historisch Museum van Vriezenveen (in Dutch). </ref>
In his diary (archived in the Vriezenveen Historical Museum), Hendrik described the beginning of the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]]: “A lot of commotion in the city and people shot by soldiers. Many shops were looted, but thankfully Java was not damaged.”<ref name="DutchColony1"/> ▼
▲[[File:Java tradinghouse St Petersburg.jpg|thumb|alt=Logo of Java tradinghouse in St Petersburg, owned by Hendrik Kruys (1876)|Logo of Java tradinghouse in St Petersburg, owned by Hendrik Kruys (1867)]]
After the [[Russian Revolution|revolution of 1917]] the situation in St Petersburg worsened, which eventually signalled the end of the Dutch-Russian community.<ref name="DutchColony1"/>▼
▲In his diary (archived inat the Vriezenveen Historical Museum), Hendrik describedrecorded many events and developments, including the beginning of the first [[Russian Revolution of 1905]]: “A"A lot of commotion in the city and people shot by soldiers. Many shops were looted, but thankfully Java was not damaged.”"<ref name="DutchColony1"/>
Hendrik and his wife Alida Boom (1861-1940) had one daughter and three sons. He passed away in Vriezenveen on 24 May 1907, at the age of 55.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>▼
▲After the [[Russian Revolution|revolution of 1917]] the situation in StSaint Petersburg worsened, which eventually signalled the end of the Dutch-Russian community.<ref name="DutchColony1"/>
===Willem Jan Kruys (1906-1985)===▼
▲Hendrik and his wife Alida Boom (1861-19401861–1940) had one daughter and three sons. He passed away in Vriezenveen on 24 May 1907, at the age of 55.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
▲===Willem Jan Kruys (1906-19851906–1985)===
[[File:VADM WJ KRUYS.JPG|thumb|alt=Vice admiral Willem Jan Kruys|Vice admiral Willem Jan Kruys]]
[[WJW. J. Kruys|Willem Jan Kruys]] is a grandson of minister and vice admiral Gerhardus Kruys. He was born in Pankalan Brandan, Sumatra, in the former [[Dutch East Indies]] (Indonesia).<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
During [[World War II]], Willem Jan was commander lieutenant and captain of the Dutch Destroyer HNLMS [[HNLMS_Tjerk_Hiddes_(G16)|''Tjerk Hiddes'']], performing convoy escort duties in the [[Indian Ocean]] before joining the [[United States Seventh Fleet|US 7th Fleet]] (1942), stationed in the [[Fremantle Harbour|Port of Fremantle]], Western Australia.<ref name="Proceedings1">"[https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1960/february/hnms-tjerk-hiddes-timor-ferry HNMS Tjerk Hiddes—Timor Ferry]. Rear Admiral C. V. Gordon, United States Naval Institute Proceedings, February 1960.</ref>
In 1942 HNLMS ''Tjerk Hiddes'' embarked on a mission to remove Allied troops stranded on [[Timor]] in enemy territory. When Timor yielded to the [[Imperial Japanese Army]], Australian and Dutch troops had been cut off in the mountainous jungle, and embarked upon a guerrilla war against the Japanese.<ref>[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/U56147 2nd Independent Company]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> On 9, 15 and 18 December, the ''Tjerk Hiddes'' made three voyages to Timor and evacuated over a thousand [[Sparrow Force|Australian Forces, Dutch troops and civilians]] to [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] in Australia.<ref name="Proceedings1"/>
Willem Jan was awarded the [[Legion of Merit]] by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]]: “By"By his fearless determination, excellent judgment, and outstanding professional ability throughout this period, he brought to a successful conclusion an extremely difficult and perilous mission.”"<ref name="Proceedings1"/><ref>Legion of Merit. Award by Mr Roosevelt. Dutch recipient in W.A.. The West Australian, Sat 18 September 1943.</ref> The ''Tjerk Hiddes'' crew received the Dutch Cross for Important Military Operations (also known as the [[Expedition Cross]]).<ref>[https://navalinstitute.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/headmark-087-23-1-January-March-1997.pdf Timor Triumph. HNIMS Tjerk Hiddes at Timor-1942]. Graham Wilson. Journal of the Australian Naval Institute, January/March 1997.</ref><ref>Leden Bemanning "Tjerk Hiddes" onderscheiden. Trouw, 7 oktober 1950 (In Dutch).</ref>
He was closely involved in the 1949 [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference|Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference]] about the transfer of sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies. On 18 novemberNovember 1953, Willem Jan became the first captain of the new [[De Zeven Provinciën-class cruiser|Zeven Provinciën class]] light cruiser HNLMS ''De Ruyter''. On 4 septemberSeptember 1958, he was promoted to vice admiral, making him the third [[:nl:Admiraal_Kruys|Admiral Kruys]]. After his retirement from the Royal DutchNetherlands Navy he became director-general of the Dutch National Aviation ServiceAuthority ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: [[:nl:Rijksluchtvaartdienst|Rijksluchtvaartdienst]]) from 1962 tot 1971.<ref>De indienststelling van de bij Wilton-Fijenoord gebouwde kruiser ‘de Ruyter’. Schip en Werf. 20e Jaargang (No. 25), 4 December 1953.
</ref>
Willem Jan was awarded [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Knight of the Order of the Lion of The Netherlands]] and Commander of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]. From [[George V|King George V]] he received the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>[https://marineschepen.nl/schepen/kruisers-de-ruyter-de-zeven-provincien.html Kruisers De Ruyter en De Zeven Provinciën (1953)]. Marineschepen.nl (in Dutch).</ref>
Willem Jan and his wife Anna Troll (1911-19981911–1998) had one daughter and two sons. He passed away in [[Bilthoven]] on 20 April 1985, at the age of 79.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
[[File:Torpedobootjager Hr.Ms.Tjerk Hiddes (G16) (ex. Non Pareil) onder Nederlandse vlag met Brits kenteken G16 (2158 012325).jpg|thumb|center|500px|alt=The Destroyer HNLMS ''Tjerk Hiddes'' under command of Willem Jan Kruys (1942)|The Destroyer HNLMS ''Tjerk Hiddes'' under command of Willem Jan Kruys (from 1942) to 1944]]
=== Gerhard Rudolph Kruys (1913-19411913–1941) ===
[[File:The sons of Minister Gerhardus Kruys.jpg|thumb|alt=The sons of Minister Gerhardus Kruys|Six of the seven sons of Minister Gerhardus Kruys]]
Lieutenant Gerhard Kruys was 28 years old when he was reported missing in the [[South China Sea]] in 1941. His father, naval captain Johannes Adrianus Kruys (1886-19741886–1974) was a son of minister [[:nl:Gerhardus Kruys|Gerhardus Kruys]].<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
In the summer of 1937, Gerhard married Leonardie Bronkhorst in Surabaya, Java, in the former [[Dutch East Indies]]. The following year they had a son, Rudolph Leonard Kruys (1938-19431938–1943).<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
During World War II, Gerhard served on the HNLMS [[HNLMS_K_XVII|''K XVII'']], a submarine of the [[K_XIV-class_submarine|K XIV-class]], built by the Rotterdam shipyard [[Wilton-Fijenoord]] as a patrol ship to protect the Dutch East Indies. The ''K XVII'' patrolled the South China Sea and the [[Gulf of Thailand|Gulf of Siam (Thailand)]]. The last contact with the ship took place on December 19, 1941. Gerhard and the crew of 36 disappeared at sea. The location of the ship and the nature of the disappearance were unknown for a long time.<ref name="KXVII"/>
More than 40 years later, on May 2, 1982, the wreck of a submarine found on the seabed off the coast of [[Tioman]] Island in Malaysia was identified as the HNLMS ''K XVII''. Investigations revealed that the ship had sailed into a Japanese minefield, struck a mine and sank. In 1998 the wreck was photographed by a film crew from Singapore.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131223100818/http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_lost_submarines.htm Dutch officers find their fathers' lost submarines]. The Internet Archive.</ref>
In 2019, a scientific expedition discovered that the ''K XVII'' had disappeared. An imprint of the ship's hull in the seabed was all that remained.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2292222-gezonken-nederlandse-wo-ii-onderzeeers-bij-maleisie-verdwenen Gezonken Nederlandse WO II-onderzeeërs bij Maleisië verdwenen]. NOS News, July 5, 2019 (In Dutch).</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/08/dutch-second-world-war-submarine-wrecks-disappear-from-malaysian-seabed Dutch WWII submarine wrecks disappear from Malaysian seabed]. The Guardian, July 8, 2019.</ref>
[[File:Mijnenlegger Hr. Ms. Medusa en de onderzeeboot Hr. Ms. K 17, Bestanddeelnr 935-0255.jpg|thumb|center|500px|alt=TheHNLMS ''K XVII'' submarine (ca. 1940-19421940–1942)|TheHNLMS ''K XVII'' submarine (ca. 1940-19421940–1942)]]
===Jan Kruys (1767-18301767–1830)===
Jan Kruys was the last magistrate (Schout) of Vriezenveen and the first Mayor of the town from 1825-1830. He is grandfather of minister and vice admiral [[:nl:Gerhardus_Kruys|Gerhardus Kruys]].<ref name="BlueBook1"/>▼
[[File:Vrijheidsboom op de Dam Jurriaan Andriessen (795.jpg|thumb|alt=Tree of Liberty, Dam Square in Amsterdam (Jurriaan Andriessen, 1795).|Tree of Liberty, Dam Square in Amsterdam (Jurriaan Andriessen, 1795). People dancing around the tree of liberty. On the left the town hall (now Royal Palace). Source: Amsterdam City Archives. ]]
▲[[Jan Kruys]] was the last magistrate (Schout) of Vriezenveen and the first Mayor of the town fromof 1825-1830[[Vriezenveen]]. He is grandfather of minister and vice admiral [[:nl:Gerhardus_Kruys|Gerhardus Kruys]].<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
Jan was born in Vriezenveen. His father, Claas Jansen Kruys (1731-1802), was a merchant at the firm 'Kruys, Engberts & Sons', exporting linen and other goods to [[Hamburg]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Strasbourg]] and [[Alicante|Allicante]]. From 1781 tot 1789, Jan and his brother Johannes Kruys (1769-1806) worked with their father at the family business in [[Rusluie|St Petersburg]]. After eight years Jan left Russia and began a business in [[Amsterdam]]. He returned to Vriezenveen in 1799.<ref>"[https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/2019/12/02/de-familie-kruijs-schrijft-geschiedenis De familie Kruijs schrijft geschiedenis]". Historisch Museum van Vriezenveen (in Dutch).</ref> ▼
▲Jan was born in Vriezenveen. His father, Claas Jansen Kruys (1731-18021731–1802), was a merchant at the firm 'Kruys, Engberts & Sons', exporting linen and other goods to [[Hamburg]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Strasbourg]] and [[Alicante|Allicante]]. From 1781 tot 1789, Jan and his brother Johannes Kruys (1769-18061769–1806) worked with their father at the family business in [[Rusluie|St Petersburg]]. After eight years Jan left Russia and began a business in [[Amsterdam]]. He returned to Vriezenveen in 1799.<ref>"[https://www.museumvriezenveen.nl/single-post/2019/12/02/de-familie-kruijs-schrijft-geschiedenis De familie Kruijs schrijft geschiedenis]". Historisch Museum van Vriezenveen (in Dutch).</ref>
In 1818 he became magistrate (Dutch: [[Schout]]) of Vriezenveen and from 1825 the first Mayor of the town until his death in 1830.<ref>[https://www.oudvriezenveen.nl/documentatiecentrum/verhalen Kleine biografie van schout Jan Kruijs]. Vereniging Oud Vriezenveen (In Dutch).</ref>
Between 1817- and 1830, Jan kept a [[:nl:Dagboek_van_Jan_Kruys|detailed diary]]. The fourteen books are archived at the Dutch Institute of Military History (NIMH). In one of his entries he describes how in 1795, 2000 cavalry of the [[French Revolutionary Army]] rode into Amsterdam, where he lived at the time, marking the proclamation of the Dutch [[Batavian Republic]]. He wrote: “A tree of liberty was planted in front of the town hall and people were out and about and cheering.” (transcription: Erik Berkhof, Frans Harwig)<ref name="Archive1"/>▼
Jan was married to Anna Broers (1772-17931772–1793), who died in childbirth. Jan and his second wife Maria Johanna Ursinus Grevenstein (1774-18451774–1845) had six daughters and five sons. He passed away in Vriezenveen (Oosteinde 148) on 22 December 1830, at the age of 63.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>▼
[[File:Dagboeken van Jan Kruys 1817-1830(2).jpg|thumb|center|500px|alt=The 14 volumes of the diary of Jan Kruys (1817-1830)|The 14 volumes of the diary of Jan Kruys (1817-1830)]]
=== Claas Kruys (1802–1877) ===
[[File:Claas Kruys 1802-1877.jpg|thumbnail|alt=Claas Kruys, merchant and mayor of Vriezenveen|Claas Kruys, merchant and Mayor of Vriezenveen]]
Claas Kruys was a merchant at the firm Jansen, Joost & Co in Saint Petersburg, before becoming Mayor of Vriezenveen in 1852. His term of office lasted until 1870.<ref name="Archive1"/>
Claas was the son of Gerhardus Kruys (1771–1839) and Aaltje Winter (1777–1848), both from Vriezenveen. His father was the brother of Jan Kruys (1767–1830), the first Mayor of Vriezenveen.
Claas married his cousin Jesina Juliana Kruys (1810–1847) on June 30, 1832. She was the daughter of Jan Kruys. They had seven children, including Gerhardus Kruys, who later became minister of Navy and vice-admiral. Jesina died at the age of 36. Claas remarried four years later, on February 8, 1851, to Frederika Bramer (1823–1899). They had a son, Hendrik Kruys, and a daughter Jesina Kruys, who died at the age of 5.<ref>[https://www.oudvriesveen.nl/documentatiecentrum/tales Hendrik Kruijs (Biography)], Vereniging Oud Vriezenveen (in Dutch).</ref>
Claas died in Vriezenveen on March 20, 1877, at the age of 74.
▲Between 1817-1830, Jan kept a detailed diary. The fourteen books are archived at the Dutch Institute of Military History (NIMH). In one of his entries he describes how in 1795, 2000 cavalry of the [[French Revolutionary Army]] rode into Amsterdam, where he lived at the time, marking the proclamation of the Dutch [[Batavian Republic]]. He wrote: “A tree of liberty was planted in front of the town hall and people were out and about and cheering.” (transcription: Erik Berkhof, Frans Harwig)<ref name="Archive1"/>
== Further reading ==
▲Jan was married to Anna Broers (1772-1793), who died in childbirth. Jan and his second wife Maria Ursinus (1774-1845) had six daughters and five sons. He passed away in Vriezenveen (Oosteinde 148) on 22 December 1830, at the age of 63.<ref name="BlueBook1"/>
More information about members of the Kruys family:
* [[Jan Kruys]] (1767–1830)
* [[:nl:Gerhardus Kruys|Gerhardus Kruys]] (1838–1902)
* [[Hendrik Kruys]] (1851–1907)
* [[:nl:Theodoor Louis Kruys|Theodoor Louis Kruys]] (1884–1940)
* [[W. J. Kruys|Willem Jan Kruys]] (1906–1985)
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Patrician families]]
[[Category:Dutch patrician families]]
[[Category:Dutch families]]
[[Category:Royal Netherlands Navy personnel of World War II]]