Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|Political party active in Iraq's Kurdistan Region}}

{{Infobox political party

| name = Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party

| native_name = Partî Çareserî Dîmukratî Kurdistan

| logo =

| logo = File:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party.svg

| colorcode = #00943A{{party color|Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party}}

| abbreviation = PÇDK

| leader = Diyar Garip<ref>{{citecitation|url=https://www.cihan.com.tr/tr/pcdk-yeni-baskanini-secti-244176.htm |access-date=21 April 2016 |language=Turkishtr |title=PÇDK yeni başkanını seçti |newspaper=Cihan |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625053529/https://www.cihan.com.tr/tr/pcdk-yeni-baskanini-secti-244176.htm |archivedatearchive-date=25 June 2016 }}</ref><br/>Necibe Ömer<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lekolin.org/haber-365-PCDK-Irak-Secimlerinde-Demokrat-Adaylari-Destekleyecek.html|access-date=21 April 2016|language=Turkishtr|title=PÇDK, Irak Seçimlerinde Demokrat Adayları Destekleyecek|date=2010-02-21|newspaper=Lêkolîn}}</ref>

| founded = {{start date and age|2002}}

| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Communalism (Bookchin)|Communalism]]<br>[[Democratic confederalism]]<br>[[Jineology]]<br>[[Kurdish nationalism]]<br>[[Social ecology (theory)|SocialDemocratic ecologysocialism]]}}▼

| dissolved = {{start date and age|2014}}

| predecessor = [[Freedom Movement of Kurdistan Society]]

▲| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Communalism]]<br>[[Democratic confederalism]]<br>[[Jineology]]<br>[[Kurdish nationalism]]<br>[[Social ecology (theory)|Social ecology]]}}

| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]

| regional = [[Kurdistan Communities Union|Koma Civakên Kurdistan]]

| international =

| colors = {{colorbox|#00943A{{party color|Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party}}}} [[Green]]

| seats1_title = Seats in the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq]]

| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|325|hex=#00943A{{party color|Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party}}}}

| seats2_title = Seats in the [[Kurdistan Region Parliament]]

| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|111|hex=#00943A{{party color|Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party}}}}

| website = {{Official URL}}

| state = Iraq

| flag =

}}

The '''Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party''' or '''PÇDK''' ({{lang-ku|Partî Çareserî Dîmukratî Kurdistan}}), is a political party active in [[Kurdistan Region]], founded in 2002. As a member of the [[Kurdistan Communities Union]] (KCK), it is seen as the Iraqi Kurdish branch of the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK).<ref>{{cite news|title=Is Turkey crushing Kurdish self-rule in Syria?|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/02/turkey-syria-kurds-pyd-ypg-ankara-crush-kurdish-self-rule.html#|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>

However,The it'''Kurdistan wasDemocratic neverSolution asParty''' successfulor as'''PÇDK''' ({{lang-ku|Partî itsÇareserî siblingsDîmukratî Kurdistan}}), suchis asan theillegal PKKpolitical party active in [[TurkeyIraq]] and the's [[DemocraticKurdistan Union Party (Syria)|Democratic Union PartyRegion]], (PYD)founded in [[Syria]]2002. TheIt is part of the [[Kurdistan DemocraticCommunities PartyUnion]] (KDPKCK), evenalong closed its headquarters andwith the party was banned from thelarger [[Kurdistan RegionalWorkers' GovernmentParty]] (KRGPKK), but it continued to operate.<ref>{{cite news|title=ANALYSIS:Is KurdsTurkey squabblecrushing despiteKurdish Islamicself-rule Statein threatSyria?|url=http://www.middleeasteyeal-monitor.netcom/newspulse/analysisoriginals/2016/02/turkey-syria-kurds-squabblepyd-despiteypg-islamicankara-statecrush-threatkurdish-524744544/self-rule.html#|accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

It has not been as successful as its sister parties, such as the PKK in [[Turkish Kurdistan]] and the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) in [[Syrian Kurdistan]]. The [[Kurdistan Democratic Party]] (KDP) closed down PÇDK headquarters and the party was banned in the [[Kurdistan Region]], but it continued to operate.<ref>{{cite news|title=ANALYSIS: Kurds squabble despite Islamic State threat|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/analysis-kurds-squabble-despite-islamic-state-threat-524744544/|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

The party contested the [[2005 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election|2005]]<ref name="Licenses"/> and [[2009 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election]]s<ref>{{cite news|title=Ocalan v. Barzani: Two contradictory worlds|url=http://kurdistantribune.com/2013/ocalan-v-barzani-two-contradictory-worlds/|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref> but failed to win any seats.▼

▲The party contested the [[2005 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election|2005]]<ref name="Licenses"/> and [[2009 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election]]s<ref>{{cite news|title=Ocalan v. Barzani: Two contradictory worlds|url=http://kurdistantribune.com/2013/ocalan-v-barzani-two-contradictory-worlds/|accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> but failed to win any seats.

The party likewise participated in the [[2013 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election|parliamentary elections of Kurdistan held on 21 September 2013]], winning 3,605 votes (0.18%, no representatives elected). In the approach to the elections the PÇDK had been denied a license to operate due to pressure from Turkey,<ref name="rojxavo">{{cite web|url=http://www.nodo50.org/esperanto/Rojxavo_5.htm |access-date=20 April 2016 |title=Organizoj de la Kurda Liberiga Movado |author= Nikolas Xil Carvalho |language= Esperanto |date=2014}}</ref> but in the end they were able to take part in the elections.<ref name="Licenses" >{{cite news|title=Some Political Parties in Iraqi Kurdistan Still Await Licenses|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/290520132|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>▼

▲The party likewise participated in the [[2013 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election|parliamentary elections of Kurdistan held on 21 September 2013]], winning 3,605 votes (0.18%, no representatives elected). In the approach to the elections the PÇDK had been denied a license to operate due to pressure from Turkey,<ref name="rojxavo">{{cite web|url=http://www.nodo50.org/esperanto/Rojxavo_5.htm |access-date=20 April 2016 |title=Organizoj de la Kurda Liberiga Movado |author= Nikolas Xil Carvalho |language= Esperantoeo |date=2014}}</ref> but in the end they were able to take part in the elections.<ref name="Licenses" >{{cite news|title=Some Political Parties in Iraqi Kurdistan Still Await Licenses|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/290520132|accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

On 20 May 2014, members had been taken into custody by security forces of the KDP, the ruling party of Kurdistan Region during operations against diverse organisations in the cities of [[Erbil]], [[Dohuk]], and [[Zakho]]. The operations were justified by a prohibition of the party some days before. The reason for the prohibition was a demonstration in front of the KRG's parliament organised by the PÇDK to commemorate the massacre of Erbil in 1997, where 62 members of the PKK were murdered.<ref>{{cite news|title=KDP security forces target KNK, PCDK in Iraqi Kurdistan|url=http://www.kurdishinstitute.be/kdp-security-forces-target-knk-pcdk-in-iraqi-kurdistan/|accessdate=21 April 2016}}</ref>▼

▲On 20 May 2014, members had been taken into custody by security forces of the KDP, the ruling party of Kurdistan Region during operations against diversedifferent opposition organisations in the cities of [[Erbil]], [[Dohuk]], and [[Zakho]]. The operations were justified by athe prohibitionbanning of the party some days before., The reason for the prohibition wasafter a demonstration in front of the KRG's[[Kurdistan Region parliamentParliament]] organised by the PÇDK to commemorate thea massacre of PKK members by the KDP in Erbil in 1997, where 62 members ofduring the PKK[[Iraqi wereKurdish murderedCivil War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=KDP security forces target KNK, PCDK in Iraqi Kurdistan|url=http://www.kurdishinstitute.be/kdp-security-forces-target-knk-pcdk-in-iraqi-kurdistan/|accessdateaccess-date=21 April 2016}}</ref> PÇDK dissolved itself in 2015 and it was succeeded by [[Kurdistan Society's Freedom Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keskin |first1=Sait |title=The Kurdistan National Liberation Movement: Paradigm Change and Transformation from National Liberation to Democratic Liberation |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/37252/KeskinS.pdf |access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref>

==Positions and international relations==

===Positions===

As [[feminism]] iswas a part of the party's ideology, it had the highest number of female candidates of all parties in Kurdistan during the parliamentary elections in 2013. According to the director of the election office of the PÇDK, Hassan Judi, it is one of the major goals that women's participation won't be below 50%. In 2013, the party’sparty's list was headed by a woman, Najiba Mahmood.<ref>{{cite news|title=Despite Uneven Playing Field, Women Hope for Greater Wins in Kurdistan Polls|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/04092013|accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

Even if the party denies that it is a front organisation for the PKK fighters, it admits a shared ideology with them. The central person in the leftist Kurdish movement of the PKK and offshoots is [[Abdullah Öcalan]]. Historically a Marxist organisation, the party re-evaluated its ideology with the end of the [[Soviet Union]]. Today the party is, amongst other influences, [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] and follows the works of Abdullah Öcalan as the PKK does.<ref name="KDSP" >{{cite news|title=PKK Popularity Grows in Iraq’sIraq's Autonomous Kurdistan Region|url=http://www.wrmea.org/2007-july/pkk-popularity-grows-in-iraqs-autonomous-kurdistan-region.html|accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

===International relations===

Although the PKK is seen as a terrorist organisation in the [[United States]], the PÇDK is pro-Americanneutral towards America. "We used to consider the U.S. as the greatest of all imperialist powers. We were a Marxist organization dedicated to a socialist future. But after the Soviet Union collapsed we began a process of re-evaluating Marxism, and PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan indeed wrote several books on this subject," said the former leader of the party, Fayaq Golpi. He added that "in an era of globalization, you cannot ignore real[i]ties. We then went for democracy and federalism instead. After the liberation of Iraq and the removal of [[Saddam Hussein]], so many things changed-especially the issue of the USA."<ref name="KDSP" />

The party's relations with Turkey are very negative, since there are many ties between the PKK and the PÇDK. Fearing that the PÇDK could be able to gain power in Kurdistan and turn the land even more into a stronghold of the PKK (the PKK operates mainly in the [[Qandil Mountains|Kandil mountains]] and on the front against [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]]), the Turkish government has pushed the KRG to prevent a rise of the PÇDK, which led to the PÇDK being denied licenses during elections<ref name="rojxavo"/> and the resolution<!--huh?--> of the party's headquarters.

The PÇDK for its part accused Turkey and the ruling [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]] in a statement at the end of 2011 of planning a massacre of the Kurdish people using chemical and other prohibited weapons and fighting without any ethical principles. The party also claimed that "international communities, institutions and so-called democratic states have been silent in the face of it." They appealed to the [[Peshmerga|Peshmerga forces]] to accomplish their national duty and protect the Kurds in Turkey from being massacred.<ref>{{cite news|title=PCDK strongly condemns Sirnak Massacre|url=http://rojhelat.info/en/?p=2950|accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

==See also==

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*[[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|Democratic Union Party]]

*[[Kurdistan Free Life Party]]

*[[Abdullah Öcalan]]

*[[Kurds]]

==References==

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{{Iraqi political parties}}

{{Iraqi Kurdistan}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2002 establishments in Iraqi Kurdistan]]

[[Category:Apoist organizations in Iraq]]

[[Category:2002Banned establishmentsKurdish in Iraqi Kurdistanparties]]

[[Category:LibertarianBanned socialist parties]]▼

[[Category:Democratic confederalism]]

[[Category:Federalist parties]]

[[Category:Kurdish nationalism in Iraq]]

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[[Category:Kurdish political parties in Iraq]]

[[Category:Kurdistan Communities Union]]

▲[[Category:Libertarian socialist parties]]

[[Category:Political parties established in 2002]]

[[Category:Political parties in Kurdistan Region]]

[[Category:Socialist parties in Iraq]]

[[Category:Socialist parties in Kurdistan]]