Lise Meitner: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia


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In September 1966 the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission]] jointly awarded the [[Enrico Fermi Award]] to Hahn, Strassmann and Meitner for their discovery of fission. The ceremony was held in the [[Hofburg]] palace in Vienna.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/24/archives/europeans-receive-fermi-prize-for-nuclear-fission-research.html |access-date=10 June 2020 |title=Europeans Receive Fermi Prize For Nuclear Fission Research |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 September 1966 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610001139/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/24/archives/europeans-receive-fermi-prize-for-nuclear-fission-research.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the first time that this prize had been awarded to non-Americans, and the first time it was presented to a woman.{{sfn|Hahn|1966|p=183}} Meitner's diploma bore the words: "For pioneering research in the naturally occurring radioactivities and extensive experimental studies leading to the discovery of fission".<ref>{{cite web |title=Fermi Lise Meitner, 1966 |date=28 December 2010 |publisher=U.S. DOE Office of Science |url=https://science.osti.gov/fermi/Award-Laureates/1960s/meitner |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712225418/https://science.osti.gov/fermi/Award-Laureates/1960s/meitner |url-status=live }}</ref> Hahn's diploma was slightly different: "For pioneering research in the naturally occurring radioactivities and extensive experimental studies culminating in the discovery of fission."<ref>{{cite web |title=Fermi Otto Hahn, 1966 |date=28 December 2010 |publisher=U.S. DOE Office of Science |url=https://science.osti.gov/fermi/Award-Laureates/1960s/hahn |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105432/https://science.osti.gov/fermi/Award-Laureates/1960s/hahn |url-status=live }}</ref> Hahn and Strassmann were present, but Meitner was too ill to attend, so Frisch accepted the award on her behalf.{{sfn|Sime|1996|pp=379–380}} [[Glenn Seaborg]], the discoverer of plutonium, presented it to her in the home of Max Perutz in Cambridge on 23 October 1966.{{sfn|Sime|1996|pp=379–380}}

[[File:Lise Meitner Denkmal vor dem Lise-Meitner-Wohnheim in Kaiserslautern2.jpg|thumb|upright|Lise Meitner memorial in front of the Lise Meitner dormitory in [[Kaiserslautern]].]]

After her death in 1968, Meitner received many naming honours. In 1997, element 109 was named [[meitnerium]]. She is the first and so far the only non-mythological woman thus exclusively honoured (since [[curium]] was named after both Marie and [[Pierre Curie]]).<ref name="wapost" /><ref name="hahn-nobel-lecture">{{cite web |title=From the natural transmutations of uranium to its artificial fission. Nobel Lecture. |last=Hahn |first=Otto |date=13 December 1946 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/hahn/lecture/ |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014115718/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/hahn/lecture/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="otto-hahn-prophysik">{{cite web|title=Otto Hahn&nbsp;– Entdecker der Kernspaltung|author=Hardy, Anne|date=4 March 2004|url=http://www.pro-physik.de/Phy/leadArticle.do?laid=4049|publisher=Pro Physik, Wiley Interscience GmbH|access-date=24 September 2007|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012082818/http://www.pro-physik.de/Phy/leadArticle.do?laid=4049|archive-date=12 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additional naming honours are the [[Hahn–Meitner-Institut]] in Berlin,<ref>{{cite web |title=Predecessor facility HMI |publisher=Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie |url=https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/zentrum/forschungszentrum/campus/historie/lise-meitner-campus/index_en.html |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712225418/https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/zentrum/forschungszentrum/campus/historie/lise-meitner-campus/index_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> craters [[Meitner (lunar crater)|on the Moon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Meitner on Moon |publisher=United States Geological Survey |url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3807 |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712225855/https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3807 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Meitner (crater on Venus)|Venus]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Meitner on Venus |publisher=United States Geological Survey |url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3808 |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715124203/https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3808 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the main-belt asteroid [[6999 Meitner]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=International Astronomical Union |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=6999 |access-date=12 July 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052145/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=6999 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2000, the [[European Physical Society]] established the biennial [[Lise Meitner Prize]] for excellent research in nuclear science.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eps.org/?NPD_prizes_LMeitner |title=EPS Nuclear Physics Division – Lise Meitner Prize |publisher=European Physical Society |access-date=12 December 2015 |archive-date=10 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010211854/http://www.eps.org/?NPD_prizes_LMeitner |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006 the "Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award" was established by the [[University of Gothenburg]] and [[Chalmers University of Technology]] in Sweden; it is awarded annually to a scientist who has made a breakthrough in physics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/activities/lisemeitner/Pages/default.aspx |title=Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award |publisher=Chalmers University of Technology |access-date=12 December 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202245/http://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/activities/lisemeitner/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2010, the building at the Free University of Berlin that had once housed the KWI for Chemistry, and had been known as the Otto Hahn Building since 1956, was renamed the Hahn-Meitner Building,<ref>{{cite web |first=Viola |last=Neukam |title='More than Just a Name Change': Freie Universität Renames Otto Hahn Building as Hahn-Meitner Building |date=28 October 2010 |url=https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/presse/informationen/fup/2010/fup_10_326/index.html |publisher=Free University of Berlin |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803220842/https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/presse/informationen/fup/2010/fup_10_326/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and in July 2014 a statue of Meitner was unveiled in the garden of the Humboldt University of Berlin next to similar statues of [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] and [[Max Planck]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/lise-meitner-grosse-physikerin-spaete-ehrung/10170792.html |title=Große Physikerin, späte Ehrung |trans-title=Great Physicist, Belated Honour |first=Astrid |last=Herbold |newspaper=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |date=9 July 2014 |language=de |access-date=14 July 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714134505/http://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/lise-meitner-grosse-physikerin-spaete-ehrung/10170792.html |url-status=live }}</ref>