List of Italian football champions: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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The '''Italian football champions''' ({{lang-it|Campione d'Italia di calcio}}, plural: ''Campioni'') are the annual winners of [[Serie A]], [[Italy]]'s premier [[Football (soccer)|football]] league competition. The title has been contested since 1898 in varying forms of competition. [[Inter Milan|Inter Milan]] are the current champions, while [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] have won a record 36 titles. The first time the ''[[Scudetto]]'' ({{lang-it|scudetto}}, "little shield", plural: ''scudetti'') was used was in 1924 when [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]] won its ninth championship title and decided to add a little shield to their shirt as to reward and celebrate themselves as champions.
The finals of the first [[Italian Football Championship]] was decided in a single day with four teams competing, three from [[Turin]] and one from [[Genoa]]. The title was decided using a [[Single-elimination tournament|knock-out]] format between the finalists with Genoa, the inaugural winners. The knock-out format was used until the [[1909–10 Prima Categoria|1909–10]] season, when a league consisting of nine teams was formed. The championship, which had been confined to a single league in the north of Italy, became a national competition in 1929 with the foundation of Serie A and [[Serie B]].
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In November 1907, the FIF organised two championships in the same season:<ref>Chiesa, p. 18.</ref>
#''Italian Championship'', the main tournament where only Italian players were allowed to play; the winners would be proclaimed ''Campioni d'Italia'' (Italian Champions) and would be awarded the ''Coppa Buni''
#''Federal Championship'', a secondary tournament where foreign players (if they lived in Italy) were also allowed to play; the winners would be proclaimed ''Campioni Federali'' (Federal Champions) and would be awarded the ''Coppa Spensley''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,0005/articleid,1204_01_1908_0053_0005_17763765/anews,true/|publisher=La Stampa|title=La gran finale del Campionato Federale|page=5|date=22 February 1908|access-date=17 April 2012|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729200643/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,0005/articleid,1204_01_1908_0053_0005_17763765/anews,true/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The FIF wanted to organize two championships in order to allow weaker clubs composed only of Italian players ("squadre pure italiane", "pure Italian teams") to win the national title, and to relegate simultaneously the big clubs composed mostly of stronger foreign players ("squadre spurie internazionali", "spurious international teams") in a minor competition for a "consolation prize".<ref>{{cite news|language=it|url=http://www.byterfly.eu/islandora/object/libria:38456#page/10/mode/2up|author=Giulio Corradino Corradini|title=Federazione acefala|publisher=La Stampa Sportiva|date=7 June 1908|pages=10–11|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=29 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829110124/http://www.byterfly.eu/islandora/object/libria:38456#page/10/mode/2up|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|language=it|url=http://www.digibess.it/fedora/repository/mauto:ssport-00334-0008|author=Giulio Corradino Corradini|title=Ancora sulla questione dei Campionati. La parola ad un dissidente|publisher=La Stampa Sportiva|date=5 July 1908|pages=7–8|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830194022/http://www.digibess.it/fedora/repository/mauto:ssport-00334-0008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|language=it|url=http://www.digibess.it/fedora/repository/mauto:ssport-00343-0004|author=Giulio Corradino Corradini|title=Vexata quaestio|publisher=La Stampa Sportiva|date=6 September 1908|page=4|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215303/http://www.digibess.it/fedora/repository/mauto:ssport-00343-0004|url-status=live}}</ref> The majority of big clubs (Genoa, Torino and Milan) withdrew from both the championships in order to protest against the [[Autarky|autarchical]] policy of the FIF. The Federal Championship was won by Juventus against Doria,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,0004/articleid,1205_01_1908_0126_0004_17764343/anews,true/|publisher=La Stampa|title=La Finale di Campionato a Torino.|page=4|date=7 May 1908|access-date=17 April 2012|archive-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312204938/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,0004/articleid,1205_01_1908_0126_0004_17764343/anews,true/|url-status=live}}</ref> while The Italian Championship 1908 and Coppa Buni were won by Pro Vercelli, beating Juventus, Doria and US Milanese. However, the Federal Championship won by Juventus was later forgotten by FIGC, due to the boycott made by the dissident clubs.
In the 1909 season, the two championships were organised again, with ''Coppa Oberti'' in lieu of ''Coppa Spensley'' for the Federal Championship. This time, the majority of big clubs decided to only withdraw from the Italian Championship in order to make the Federal competition the most relevant tournament, and to diminish the Italian one. The Federal Championship was won by Pro Vercelli, beating US Milanese in the Final, while the Italian Championship was won by Juventus, again beating US Milanese in the Final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,0005/articleid,1202_01_1909_0156_0005_24222738/anews,true/|publisher=La Stampa|title=Il F.C. Juventus vince il Campionato Italiano.|page=5|date=7 June 1909|access-date=17 April 2012|archive-date=17 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717231631/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,0005/articleid,1202_01_1909_0156_0005_24222738/anews,true/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the dissenters' strategy worked out: the failure of the Italian Championship won by Juventus forced the FIGC to later recognize the Federal Champions of Pro Vercelli as "Campioni d'Italia 1909", disavowing the other tournament.
The format was modified for the [[1909–10 Prima Categoria|1909–10 season]] which was played in a league format. Nine clubs participated, playing each other both home and away. The split between Federal and Italian championship was not completely abolished, because, while unifying these tournaments, it was decided for the last time to assign two titles at the end of the season, In fact, the FIGC established that the first placed club in the general classification would be proclaimed Federal Champions (now turned into the main title), while the best placed club among the four "pure Italian teams" would be recognized as Italian Champions (now the secondary title), depending on the head-to-head matches.<ref>Chiesa, pp. 24-25</ref> At the end of the season, Pro Vercelli and Inter finished equal first, so a playoff was needed to assign the Federal title (the Italian one was won by Pro Vercelli). This season was the first victory for [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]], who defeated [[U.S. Pro Vercelli Calcio|Pro Vercelli]] 10-310–3 in the final. Even the Italian title won by Pro Vercelli was later forgotten.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/italhist98-25.html| title = Italy – Championship History 1898–1923| website = [[RSSSF]]| access-date = 26 April 2007| archive-date = 2 December 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221202003729/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/italhist98-25.html| url-status = live}}</ref>
In the [[1910–11 Prima Categoria|1910–11]] season, teams from Veneto and Emilia were admitted for the first time. The championship was divided into two groups: ''Liguria-Piemonte-Lombardia group'', the most important, and the ''Veneto-Emilia group''. The winners of each group qualified to the Final for the title. The [[1912–13 Prima Categoria|1912–13]] season saw the competition nationalised with North and South divisions.<ref>{{Cite web
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| website = [[RSSSF]]
| access-date = 26 April 2007
| archive-date = 21 April 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230421134955/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesj/juvemilan.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref> The tournament that year was limited to clubs from the north, with the exception of Pro Vercelli, but was not treated as an official trophy or recognised by the FIGC as an Italian title.
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| website = [[RSSSF]]
| access-date = 26 April 2007
| archive-date = 2 September 2011
}}</ref> Therefore, that season saw two champions: Novese (FIGC) and Pro Vercelli (CCI). The schism ended when FIGC agreed to reduce the Northern Championship of 1922–23 to only 36 clubs ("Compromesso Colombo/Colombo compromise"); from 1923–24 the Northern Championship was reduced to 24 clubs divided into two groups.<ref>[http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=38&p=1&c=1#page/20/mode/2up Annuario 1931], pp. 18–19.</ref>▼
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110902044552/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italchamp.html
| url-status = live
▲}}</ref> Therefore, that season saw two champions: Novese (FIGC) and Pro Vercelli (CCI). The schism ended when FIGC agreed to reduce the Northern Championship of 1922–23 to only 36 clubs ("Compromesso Colombo/Colombo compromise"); from 1923–24 the Northern Championship was reduced to 24 clubs divided into two groups.<ref>[http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=38&p=1&c=1#page/20/mode/2up Annuario 1931] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715025904/http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=38&p=1&c=1#page/20/mode/2up |date=15 July 2014 }}, pp. 18–19.</ref>
===Divisione Nazionale===
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===Serie A===
In 1929 Divisione Nazionale (two groups of 16 teams each) split into two Championships: ''Divisione Nazionale [[Serie A]]'' (the new Top Division) and ''Divisione Nazionale [[Serie B]]'' (the new second level of Italian Football).<ref>[http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=38&p=1&c=1#page/42/mode/2up Annuario 1931, p. 40.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715025904/http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=38&p=1&c=1#page/42/mode/2up |date=15 July 2014 }} "Il campionato di Divisione Nazionale è diviso in due serie: A e B" (The Championship of ''Divisione Nazionale'' is divided into two ''Serie'': A and B").</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| title = Calcio – a history of Italian Football
| author = John Foot
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| isbn = 0007175744
| publisher = Fourth Estate
}}</ref> The [[1929–30 Serie A|1929–30 season]] was the inaugural Serie A season and was won by [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] (called ''Ambrosiana'' at the time). The next 11 years were also dominated by [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] and [[Bologna F.C. 1909|Bologna]], when all of the ''Scudetti'' were won between the three of them, Juventus winning five times in a row, a record equalled by ''[[Grande Torino]]'' in 1949, by Internazionale in 2010, and Juventus itself in 2016, until they won again the next season in 2017 to overtake the record at six league titles in a row. The competition was truncated as the Championship was suspended in 1943 due to [[World War II]].<ref name=champlist/> A Championship was held in 1944, the [[Campionato Alta Italia 1944|Campionato Alta Italia]], and won by [[Spezia Calcio|Spezia]].<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/ital44.html| title = Italy 1943/44 (War Championship)| website = [[RSSSF]]| access-date = 26 April 2007| archive-date = 25 April 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230425062950/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/ital44.html| url-status = live}}</ref> The title was officially recognised as a decoration by FIGC in 2002.
Spezia is authorized by the Italian Federation to exhibit a tricolour badge on the official jerseys which is unique, being the only permanent one in Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acspezia1906.it/LaStoria/lo_scudetto_del_44_4p.asp|language=it|publisher=Spezia Calcio 1906|access-date=26 April 2007|title=Lo scudetto del '44 – 4a parte|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009063156/http://www.acspezia1906.it/LaStoria/lo_scudetto_del_44_4p.asp |archive-date=9 October 2007}}</ref>
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Serie A was dealt another blow by the [[2006 Italian football scandal]] which involved alleged widespread match fixing implicating league champions [[Juventus FC|Juventus]], and other major teams including [[A.C. Milan|Milan]], [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]], [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]], and [[Reggina Calcio|Reggina]].<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4993482.stm
| title = Serie A quartet will stand trial
| publisher = [[BBC Sport]]
| date = 23 June 2006
| access-date = 26 April 2007
| archive-date = 14 June 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060614221732/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4993482.stm
| url-status = live
}}</ref> The FIGC ruled Juventus be stripped of their title, relegated to [[Serie B]], and start the following season with a nine-point deduction. The other clubs involved suffered similarly with relegation and points deduction.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/5164194.stm
| title = Italian trio relegated to Serie B
| publisher = [[BBC Sport]]
| date = 14 July 2006
| access-date = 26 April 2007
| archive-date = 12 January 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160112135834/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/5164194.stm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
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!width=20%|Winners
!width=20%|Second place
!width=20%|/Third place
!width=35%|Top scorer(s) (club) (goals)
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!width=20%|Central-southern Italy champions
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!Winner
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|Champions also won the [[UEFA Cup]]/[[UEFA Europa League]] that season
|-
|width=40px align=center style="background-color:#F70823FFBBB7"|#
|Champions also won the [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] that season
|}
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!width=20%|Runners-up
!width=20%|Third Placeplace
!width=35%|Top scorer(s) (club) (goals)
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| [[1946–47 Serie A|1946–47]] || Torino (4) || Juventus || Modena ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Valentino Mazzola]] (Torino) (29)
|-
| [[1947–48 Serie A|1947–48]] || Torino (5) ||colspan="2"| Juventus/Milan/Juventus/[[U. Triestina 2012|Triestina]] ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giampiero Boniperti]] (Juventus) (27)
|-
| [[1948–49 Serie A|1948–49]] || Torino (6) || Internazionale || Milan ||{{flagicon|HUN}} [[István Nyers]] (Internazionale) (26)
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| [[1952–53 Serie A|1952–53]] || Internazionale (6) || Juventus || Milan ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Gunnar Nordahl]] (Milan) (26)
|-
| [[1953–54 Serie A|1953–54]] || Internazionale (7) || Juventus || Fiorentina/Milan/Fiorentina ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Gunnar Nordahl]] (Milan) (23)
|-
| [[1954–55 Serie A|1954–55]] || Milan (5) || Udinese || Roma ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Gunnar Nordahl]] (Milan) (26)
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| [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]] || Juventus (13) || Internazionale || Bologna ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gigi Riva]] ([[Cagliari Calcio|Cagliari]]) (18)
|-
| [[1967–68 Serie A|1967–68]] || bgcolor=#F70823FFBBB7|Milan (9)<sup>#</sup> || Napoli || Juventus ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Pierino Prati]] (Milan) (15)
|-
| [[1968–69 Serie A|1968–69]] || Fiorentina (2) || Cagliari || Milan ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gigi Riva]] (Cagliari) (21)
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| [[1982–83 Serie A|1982–83]] || Roma (2) || Juventus || Internazionale ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Platini]] (Juventus) (16)
|-
| [[1983–84 Serie A|1983–84]] || bgcolor=#F70823FFBBB7|Juventus (21)<sup>#</sup> || Roma || Fiorentina ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Platini]] (Juventus) (20)
|-
| [[1984–85 Serie A|1984–85]] || [[Hellas Verona F.C.|Hellas Verona]] (1) || Torino || Internazionale ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Platini]] (Juventus) (18)
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|[[2022–23 Serie A|2022–23]] || Napoli (3) || Lazio || Internazionale || {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Victor Osimhen]] (Napoli) (26)
|-
|[[2023–24 Serie A|2023–24]] || Internazionale (20) || Milan || Juventus || {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Lautaro Martínez]] (Internazionale) (24)
|}
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|-
!scope=row| '''[[A.S. Roma|Roma]]'''
| {{center|1003}}
| {{center|14}}
| [[1941–42 Serie A|1941–42]], [[1982–83 Serie A|1982–83]], [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]]
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| [[1984–85 Serie A|1984–85]]
|-
!scope=row| '''[[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]'''
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|—}}
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|
|-
!scope=row| '''[[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]]'''
| {{center|—}}
| {{center|1}}
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|
|-
!scope=row| '''[[Udinese Calcio|'''Udinese''']]'''
| {{center|—}}
| {{center|1}}
|
|-
!scope=row| '''[[Venezia F.C.|Venezia]]'''
| {{center|—}}
| {{center|1}}
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==External links==
*{{in lang|en}} [http://www.figc.it/english/default.htm Italian Football Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516022732/http://www.figc.it/english/default.htm |date=16 May 2006 }}
*{{in lang|it}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813073241/http://www.lega-calcio.it/ Official national league website]
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{{Football in Italy}}
{{Featured list}}
[[Category:Serie A|Champions]]
[[Category:National association football champions|Italy]]