List of Joseph Smith's wives: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Article Images

Line 1:

[[Joseph Smith]] (1805–1844), founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], taught and practiced [[plural marriage|polygamy]] during his ministry, ~~and married~~marrying multiple women ~~during~~throughout his lifetime. Smith and some of the leading [[Quorum (Latter Day Saints)|quorums]] of [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|the church]] he founded publicly denied he taught or practiced it.<ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131021175853/http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/8375 bound edition]—[http://www.centerplace.org/history/ts/v5n03.htm "Notice"], ''[[Times and Seasons]]'', '''5'''(3) (1 February 1844): 423: "As we have lately been credibly informed, that an Elder of the Church of Jesus Christ, of Latter-day Saints, by the name of Hiram Brown, has been preaching Polygamy, and other false and corrupt doctrines, in the county of Lapeer, state of Michigan."</ref><ref>{{Citation |last= Roberts |first= B. H. (Brigham Henry) |author-link= B. H. Roberts |title= [[History of the Church (Joseph Smith)|History of the Church]] |year= 1912 |volume= 6 |pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=pGi-iiz6juYC&pg=PA411 p. 411] |quote= What a thing it is for a man to be accused of committing adultery, and having seven wives, when I can only find one. |publisher= Deseret News }}.</ref><ref name="MS-1944-01">''[[Millennial Star]]'' '''4''' [January 1844]: 144.</ref>

In 1852, leaders of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church) acknowledged that Smith had practiced plural marriage and produced a written [[revelation (Latter Day Saints)|revelation]] of Smith's that authorizes its practice. Smith's lawful widow [[Emma Smith]], his son [[Joseph Smith III]], and most members of the [[Community of Christ|Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] (RLDS Church) attempted for years to refute the evidence of plural marriages. They pointed to the historical record that Joseph Smith publicly opposed the practice of polygamy;<ref name="MS-1944-01"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Whitmer|1887}}</ref><ref>''[[Times and Seasons]]'' '''5''':[http://www.centerplace.org/history/ts/v5n06.htm 474].</ref> the suggestion of the RLDS Church was that the practice of polygamy began in Utah under the leadership of [[Brigham Young]].

Line 10:

== List of wives ==

[[File:Joseph Smith Marriage Timelines.png|thumb|center|600px|Timeline of Joseph Smith's marriages]]

{| class= "wikitable sortable"

! rowspan="2" valign="bottom" | Image

Line 29:

| [[Fanny Alger]] ||c. 1833–1837

| 16 || Yes ||  || Yes || Single || Alger's relationship with Smith was attested to by several people, including [[Emma Smith]], [[Warren Parish]], [[Oliver Cowdery]], and [[Heber C. Kimball]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Smith|2010|pp=38–43}}</ref> Several Mormons including [[Benjamin F. Johnson]], Heber C. Kimball and [[Andrew Jenson]], and former Mormons Chauncey Webb and [[Ann Eliza Young|Ann Eliza Webb Young]], regarded the relationship as a marriage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|pp=25–32.}}</ref> Compton cites Mosiah Hancock's handwritten report of his father Levi's account of the marriage ceremony of Smith and Alger, and records his father's account of negotiations between Levi and Smith in procuring their respective wives. Compton also notes that nineteenth-century Historian Lawrence Foster asserts a claim that later Mormons may have falsely assumed there was a marriage where there was only a sexual relationship: he views the marriage of Alger to Smith as a "debatable supposition".<ref>Lawrence Foster, [http://www.signaturebooks.com/reviews/insacred.htm Review of ''In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith''"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060323034213/http://www.signaturebooks.com/reviews/insacred.htm |date=2006-03-23 }}, ''[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought]]'' '''33''' (spring 2001): 184–86.</ref> As Richard Bushman has noted, Smith "never denied a relationship with Alger, but insisted it was not adulterous. He wanted it on record that he had never confessed to such a sin."<ref>Bushman, pg. 325</ref> After Smith's death, when Alger's brother asked her about her relationship with Smith, she replied, "That is all a matter of my own. And I have nothing to communicate."<ref>Bushman, pg 327</ref> Brian C. Hales documents three possible timelines for Alger's relationship: the relationship starts in 1832–33 and is shortly discovered; the relationship starts in 1832–33 and ~~isn't~~is not discovered until 1835–37; the relationship starts in 1835–37 and is shortly discovered.<ref>{{harvnb|Hales|2013a|pp=99–106}}</ref~~></p~~>

| Lucinda Pendleton [[William Morgan (anti-Mason)|Morgan]] Harris || c. 1838–1842 || 37–41 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || Historians [[Richard Lloyd Anderson]] and [[Scott H. Faulring]] dismiss this claim as being based on "no solid evidence".<ref name="Anderson 1998">{{Harvnb|Anderson|1998}}</ref> Compton notes the following evidence: she is the third woman on [[Andrew Jenson]]'s 1887 list of Smith's plural wives; Compton writes that "[[Sarah Marinda Bates Pratt|Sarah Pratt]] reported that while in Nauvoo Lucinda had admitted a long-standing relationship with Smith", though Compton admits that this statement is "antagonistic, third-hand, and late";<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|pp=650}}</ref> and that there is an "early Nauvoo temple proxy sealing to Smith". This marriage was [[polyandrous]], as Lucinda lived with her husband George Washington Harris until about 1853. Compton believes the marriage occurred around 1838, when Smith was living with Lucinda and her husband.<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|pp=43–44}}</ref>

Quinn gave this sealing a window of year between ~~1838–1842~~1838 and 1842.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Quinn|first=D. Michael|title=The Mormon Hierarchy; Origins of Power|pages=587}}</ref>

Brian C. Hales notes the following weaknesses in the evidence: Andrew Jenson's notes for Lucinda say "better leave her out perhaps"; the timeline for Sarah Pratt's statement would put the start of the relationship in 1837 which is before Joseph and Lucinda even met. Hales writes "If a plural marriage occurred, I think it would have been in Nauvoo."<ref>{{harvnb|Hales|2013a|pp=58–67}}</ref>

Line 45:

| [[File:Presendia Lathrop Huntington Kimball.jpg|center|70px]]

| Presendia Lathrop Huntington (Buell) || December 11, 1841 || 31 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (September 7, 1810, in [[Watertown, New York]] – February 1, 1892, in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah Territory]]). Sister of Zina. After Smith's death, married [[Heber C. Kimball]].

| [[File:Agnes Moulton Coolbrith.jpg|center|70px]]

Line 54:

| [[File:Mary-Elizabeth-Lightner.jpg|center|70px]]

| [[Mary Elizabeth Rollins Lightner]] || January 17, 1842 || 23 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (April 9, 1818, in [[Lima (village), New York|Lima, New York]] – December 17, 1913, in [[Minersville, Utah]]). A letter from Mary in 1905 could be read that Smith had a private conversation with her in 1831 when she was twelve years old<ref>{{Harvnb|Newell|Avery|1994|pp=65}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=UjHEhhqVu1UC&q=Mary+Rollins&pg=PA65 link].</ref><ref name="Compton 1997">{{Harvnb|Compton|1997}}</ref> though in the same statement, she said that Smith ~~didn't~~did not talk to her till 1842, <blockquote>"It was at [Sister Whitney's] house that the Prophet Joseph first told me about his great vision concerning me. He said I was the first woman God commanded him to take as a plural wife, in 1831 .... It was in the early part of Feb, 1842 that he was compelled to reveal it to me personally".</blockquote>She left a statement in 1902 of her sealing with Joseph Smith,<blockquote>"In 1834 he was commanded to take me for a Wife, I was a thousand miles from him ….... Brigham Young sealed me to him, for time and all eternity -- Feb. 1842"</blockquote>In 1835 she married another man, Adam Lightner a non-Mormon. They had two children and she was pregnant with her third at the time she was sealed to Joseph Smith in 1842. After the sealing she continued to live with her first husband Adam. Following the death of Joseph Smith Mary went briefly back to Nauvoo. In the fall of 1844 Brigham Young and Heber Kimball offered themselves to Smith's widows as proxy husbands and Mary accepted Young's proposal. She was sealed to him for time in a proxy marriage on May 22, 1845, though she continued to live with Adam. When Brigham Young and the church left Nauvoo to emigrate to Utah, Mary and Adam stayed behind. They eventually moved to Utah 17 years later settling in the town of Minersville. In her later years she would often supplicate the church for monetary assistance appealing to them on the basis of her connection with Joseph and Brigham.<ref>Compton 1997, pg.205–222</ref> Mary Elizabeth and her sister Caroline were instrumental in salvaging printed pages of the [[Book of Commandments]] when the printing press was destroyed by a mob on July 20, 1833.<ref>{{Citation | last = Carter | first = Kate | title = Our Pioneer Heritage | publisher = Daughters of Utah Pioneers | year= 1962 | location = Salt Lake City, UT | pages = 308}}</ref>

| [[File:Patty Bartlett Sessions.jpg|center|70px]]

| [[Patty Bartlett Sessions|Patty Bartlett (Sessions)]] || March 9, 1842 || 47 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (February 4, 1795, in [[Bethel, Maine|Bethel, Massachusetts]] (now Maine) – December 14, 1893, in [[Bountiful, Utah|Bountiful]], [[Utah Territory]]). Her daughter Sylvia Porter Sessions Lyon, who had married Smith one month before, was present at Sessions' wedding to Smith.<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|pp=175–79}}</ref>

| [[File:Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde.jpg|center|70px]]

| Marinda Nancy Johnson (Hyde) || April 1842 || 1626 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (June 28, 1815, in [[Pomfret, Vermont]] – March 24, 1886, in [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake City]], [[Utah Territory]]). Wife of [[Orson Hyde]]; daughter of [[John Johnson (Latter Day Saints)|John Johnson]].

| [[File:Elizabeth Davis Brackenbury Durfee.jpg|center|70px]]

| Elizabeth Davis (Brackenbury Durfee) || Before June 1842 || 50 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (March 11, 1791, in [[Riverhead, New York]] – December 16, 1876, in [[White Cloud, Kansas]]). According to Anderson and Faulring, this claim is based on Bennett and "an ambiguous statement attributed to Sarah Pratt by the hostile journalist Wyl."<ref name="Anderson 1998"/> The statement made by Sarah Pratt was, "I don't think she was ever sealed to him, though it may have been the case after Joseph's death. . . At all events, she boasted here in Salt Lake of having been one of Joseph's wives" <ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|pp=701}}</ref>

| [[File:Sarah Maryetta Kingsley.jpg|center|70px]]

| Sarah Maryetta Kingsley (Howe Cleveland) || Before June 29, 1842 || 53 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (1788 – April 20, 1856, in [[Plymouth, Illinois]]). Anderson and Faulring state that this is "only a guess" based on a claim "without any supporting data".<ref name="Anderson 1998"/>

| [[File:Delcena Diadamia Johnson Sherman.jpg|center|70px]]

| Delcena Johnson (Sherman) || Before July 1842 || 37 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || (November 19, 1806, in [[Westfield, Vermont]] – October 21, 1854, in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah Territory]]. Widow of [[Lyman R. Sherman]]). Married to [[Almon W. Babbitt]] after the death of [[Joseph Smith]]. Sister to [[Benjamin F. Johnson]] and [[Joel H. Johnson]].

| [[File:Eliza Roxcy Snow photograph.PNG|center|70px]]

Line 75:

| [[File:Sarah Ann Whitney.jpg|center|70px]]

| Sarah Ann Whitney || July 27, 1842 || 17 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || Whitney was born in [[Kirtland, Ohio]], on March 22, 1825, to [[Newel K. Whitney]] and Elizabeth Whitney.<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|p=343}}</ref> Joseph Smith Jr. and Newel Whitney had a very close friendship. According to Brodie, after her parents were introduced to the principle of plural marriage by Smith, the marriage of Sarah to Smith was arranged with her parents' consent.<ref>{{Harvnb|Brodie|1971|p=471}}</ref><ref>Her own sworn statement, giving the date as July 27, 1842, was published along with a confirming affidavit sworn by her mother, in ''Joseph F. Smith Jr.: Blood Atonement and the Origin of Plural Marriage''. It is said that she was the first woman given in plural marriage "by and with the consent of both parents".</ref> Compton claims this marriage is believed to have been performed for the purpose of creating a "dynastic" link between the Whitney and Smith families in the afterlife and to be "very much a family activity".<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|p=347}}</ref> Nine months after her marriage to Smith, Sarah married [[Joseph C. Kingsbury]] in a civil ceremony.<ref>{{Harvnb|Compton|1997|p=351}}</ref> [[Joseph C. Kingsbury]] said he was "well aware" of this marriage.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Kingsbury|1886|p=226}}.</ref> [[William Clayton (Mormon)|William Clayton]] listed her as one of Smith's wives whom he married in early May 1843.<ref name="Harvtxt|Clayton|1874|p=225" /> She was married to [[Heber C. Kimball]] from March 17, 1845, to June 22, 1868.

| [[File:Martha McBride.jpg|center|70px]]

Line 96:

| [[File:Almera Woodard Johnson Smith Barton.jpg|center|70px]]

| Almera Woodward Johnson || August 1843 || 30 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || (October 12, 1812, in [[Westfield, Vermont]] – March 4, 1896, in [[Parowan, Utah]]). Widow of Samuel H. Prescott. Married to Reuben Barton (with who she had five children) in [[Nauvoo, Illinois|Nauvoo]] Illinois in 1845 after the [[martyr]]dom of Joseph Smith. Sister to [[Benjamin F. Johnson]] and [[Joel H. Johnson]].

| [[Lucy Walker (Latter Day Saint)|Lucy Walker]] || May 1, 1843<ref>{{Harvnb|Newell|Avery|1994|pp=65}}</ref> || 17 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || Wrote about her plural marriage to Smith,<ref name="Compton 1997"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Newell|Avery|1994}}</ref> <blockquote>"In the year 1842 President Joseph Smith sought an interview with me, and said, ‘I have a message for you, I have been commanded of God to take another wife, and you are the woman.' …... He asked me if I believed him to be a Prophet of God. …... He fully Explained to me the principle of plural or celestial marriage …... that it would prove an everlasting blessing to my father's house. …... [Joseph encouraged her to pray] 'that the grave would kindly receive me that I might find rest on the bosom of my dear [recently deceased] mother …... Why Should I be chosen from among thy daughters, Father I am only a child in years and experience.' And thus I prayed in the agony of my soul. …... [The marriage] was not a love matter—at least on my part it was not, but simply the giving up of myself as a sacrifice to establish that grand and glorious principle that God had revealed to the world."</blockquote>

| Sarah Lawrence || May 1843 || 17 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || (May 13, 1826, in [[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering Township]], [[Upper Canada]] – 1872) Sister of Maria.

| Maria Lawrence || May 1843 || 19 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || (December 18, 1823, in [[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering Township]], [[Upper Canada]] – ? in [[Nauvoo, Illinois]]). Sister of Sarah. After Smith's death, Lawrence married [[Brigham Young]], becoming his sixteenth plural wife. They divorced in 1845, but remarried the following year.<ref name="brighamswives"/>

| [[File:Helen Mar Kimball.jpg|center|70px]]

| [[Helen Mar Kimball]] || May 1843 || 14 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || Daughter of [[Heber C. Kimball]]. [[Helen Mar Kimball]] wrote a full account of her experience<ref>Jeni Broberg Holzapfel and Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, eds., [https://rsc.byu.edu/womans-view/scenes-incidents-nauvoo A Woman’s View: Helen Mar Whitney’s Reminiscences of Early Church History] (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997), 135–239.</ref> in which she states:<ref name="Compton 1997"/> <blockquote>[My father] asked me if I would be sealed to Joseph …... [Smith] said to me, 'If you will take this step, it will ensure your eternal salvation & exaltation and that of your father's household & all of your kindred.['] This promise was so great that I willingly gave myself to purchase so glorious a reward.|</blockquote> [[William Clayton (Mormon)|William Clayton]] listed her as one of Smith's wives whom he married in early May 1843.<ref name="Harvtxt|Clayton|1874|p=225"/>

| Hannah ~~Elly~~Ells || 1843 || 29 || Yes || Yes || Unknown || Single || (March 4, 1813, in [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]] – 1844 in [[Nauvoo, Illinois]])

| [[File:Elvira Annie Cowles wife of Joseph Smith.jpg|center|70px]]

| Elvira Annie Cowles (Holmes) || June 1, 1843 || 29 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Married || (November 23, 1813, in [[Unadilla, New York]] – March 10, 1871, in [[Farmington, Utah|Farmington]], [[Utah Territory]]).

| [[File:Rhoda Richards Smith Young.jpg|center|70px]]

| [[List of Brigham Young's wives|Rhoda Richards]] || June 12, 1843 || 58 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || (August 8, 1784, in [[Framingham, Massachusetts]] – January 17, 1879, in [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake City]], [[Utah Territory]]). First cousin of [[Brigham Young]], whom she married after Smith's death.

| [[File:Desdemona Wadsworth Fullmer Smith.jpg|center|70px]]

| Desdemona Wadsworth Fullmer|| July 1843 || 32 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || Born to Peter and Susannah on October 6, 1809, in Huntington, [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]]. Desdemona was baptized into the Church of the Latter Day Saints herself by [[John P. Greene]] in 1836.<ref>{{cite book |last= Jensen |first= Andrew |contribution= Fullmer, Desdemona Wadsworth |contribution-url= https://archive.org/stream/historicalrecord58jens#page/235/mode/1up |title= The Historical Record, Volumes 5-8 |url= https://archive.org/details/historicalrecord58jens |date= 1889 |publisher= A. Jenson |page= [https://archive.org/details/historicalrecord58jens/page/235 235] }}</ref> Desdemona was one of the church members that were present when a mob attacked [[Haun's Mill massacre|Haun's Mill]] on October 30, 1838. She was "secreted in the woods near by", along with members of her family. In July 1842, [[Brigham Young]] officiated the marriage of Desdemona to Smith.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Newell |first1= Linda King |title= Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith |year= 1994 |publisher= University of Illinois Press |isbn= 9780252062919 |page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=UjHEhhqVu1UC&pg=PA165 165] }}</ref> as Smith took Desdemona as a plural wife<ref>{{cite journal |journal= [[Millennial Star]] |volume= 48 |issue= 10 |date= March 8, 1886 |title= Utah News: Summarized from Territorial Papers |url= http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/MStar/id/28032 |pages= 150–151 }}</ref> and became part of an early group wives taken by Smith<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=George D. |date=Spring 1994 |title=Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report ~~|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45228320~~ |journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=1–72 |doi=10.2307/45228320 |jstor=45228320 |s2cid=254329894 |issn=0012-2157|doi-access=free }}</ref> After Smiths death, Desdemona married [[Ezra T. Benson]] on January 26, 1846, in the [[Nauvoo Temple]]<ref>{{cite book |last= Bringhurst |first= Newell G. |title= Reconsidering No man knows my history: Fawn M. Brodie and Joseph Smith in retrospect |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780874212143 |url-access= registration |year= 1996 |publisher= Utah State University Press |page= [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780874212143/page/182 182] |isbn= 9780874212143 }}</ref> The marriage was only "for time",<ref>{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= Sarah E. |title= Follmers in Pennsylvania: descendants of Hans Jakob Vollmar, 1698–1762 |year= 1976 |place= Baltimore |publisher= Gateway Press |pages= 22–23 |oclc= 2681047 |lccn= 76021955 }}</ref> instead of being for "[[Celestial marriage|time and all eternity]]", meaning that Desdemona was sealed to Smith in the afterlife but would be married to Benson until one of them died. Upon her death, a few newspapers outside of Utah reported Desdemona's passing, remembering her as one of Joseph Smith's wives.<ref>{{cite news |title= Personal |publisher= The Times-Philadelphia |date= 28 February 1866}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Obituary |publisher= The Kinsey Graphic |date= 5 March 1886}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Around the World |url= https://www.newspapers.com/image/64141244/?terms=desdemona+fullmer+smith |access-date= 2015-01-26 |publisher= Fayetteville Weekly Observer |date= 11 March 1886}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Items of Interest |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86089443/1886-03-04/ed-1/ |access-date= 2015-02-06 |publisher= Brenham Weekly Banner |date= 4 March 1886 |location= pg 3, last column, last paragraph}}</ref>

| Olive Grey Frost || poss. September 17, 1843 || 27 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || (July 24, 1816, in [[Bethel, Maine|Bethel, Massachusetts]] (now Maine) – October 6, 1845, in [[Nauvoo, Illinois]]). After Smith's death, Frost became the eighteenth plural wife of [[Brigham Young]]. They married "for time only" on November 7, 1844~~, and she~~; ~~bore~~they ~~him~~had no children.

| [[File:Mary Ann Frost Stearns Pratt.jpg|center|70px]]

| [[Mary Ann Frost Stearns Pratt|Mary Ann Frost (Pratt)]] || c. Summer 1843 || 34 || No || Yes ||  Yes|| Married || (January 14, 1809, in [[Groton, Vermont]] – August 24, 1891, in [[Pleasant Grove, Utah|Pleasant Grove]], [[Utah Territory]]). Sister of Olive Grey Frost. First married to Nathan Stearns in 1831 but he died about 18 months later. Baptized into Church of the Latter Day Saints in 1835 by [[David W. Patten]]. Married [[Parley P. Pratt]] on May 14, 1837, in [[Kirtland, Ohio]]. Moved to Missouri and Nauvoo with Pratt. Went on mission trip with Pratt to England in 1840. Returned from England without Pratt and was divorced soon after Pratt's return. Mary Ann was married to Parley Pratt for time and Joseph Smith (posthumously) for eternity on February 6, 1846, by [[Heber C. Kimball]] in the Nauvoo Temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jared.pratt-family.org/parley_family_histories/mary_ann_frost_fife-3.html|title = Mary Ann Frost Stearns Pratt – Nauvoo, England and Back to Nauvoo}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2012}} Emigrated with the [[Harmon Cutler]] Company to [[Utah Territory]] in 1852. She obtained a divorce from Pratt in 1853. She was accompanied by her daughter Olivia Pratt (b. 1841) and son Moroni Llewellyn Pratt (b. 1844). They settled in Pleasant Grove.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jared.pratt-family.org/parley_family_histories/mary_ann_frost_obituary.html|title = Obituaries of Mary Ann Frost Pratt}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2012}}

Line 132:

| Nancy Maria Winchester || 1842 or 1843 || 14 || Yes || Yes || Yes || Single || Daughter of Stephen Winchester, Sr. of [[Vershire, Vermont]] (who was a member of the [[Danite]] militia and the [[Seventy (Latter Day Saints)|Quorum of the Seventy]]), and his wife Nancy Case of [[Argyle, New York]]. Anderson and Faulring write that this claim is based on "unsupported information".<ref name="Anderson 1998"/>

| Fanny Young (Murray)|| November 2, 1843 || 56 || Yes || Yes || Yes || || (November 8, 1787, in [[Hopkinton, Massachusetts]] – June 11, 1859). Wife of Roswell Murray

Line 174:

| Cordelia Calista Morley || || 22 ||  ||  || Yes<ref name="brodie335"/> || || In the spring of 1844, plural marriage was introduced to me by my parents from Joseph Smith, asking their consent and a request to me to be his wife. Imagine, if you can, my feeling, to be a plural wife. Something I never thought I could ever be. I knew nothing of such religion and could not accept it, neither did I then. I told Joseph I had a sweetheart; his name was Whiting, and I expected to marry him. He, however, was left by the wayside. He could not endure the persecutions and hardships. I told the Prophet I thought him a wonderful man and leader, but I wanted to marry my sweetheart.

After Joseph Smith's death, I was visited by some of his most intimate friends who knew of his request and explained to me this religion, counseling me to accept his wishes, for he now was gone and could do no more for himself. I accepted Joseph Smith's desire, and 27 January 1846, I was married to your father in the Nauvoo Temple. While still kneeling at the ~~alter~~altar, my hand clasped in his and ready to become his third plural wife, Heber C. Kimball tapped me on the shoulder and said, "Cordelia, are you going to deprive the Prophet of his desire that you be his wife?" At that, Walter Cox said, "You may be sealed to the Prophet for eternity and I'll marry you for time." Walter was proxy for Joseph Smith, and I was sealed to him for eternity and to Walter for time. (One time when Cordelia told this story to her granddaughter, Mary Verona Cox, she said, "Verona, in eternity I want the man that was the father of my children and was a good husband and father. I lived with him and loved him.")

Line 190:

== Allegations of children born to polygamous wives ==

Research by [[Ugo A. Perego]], a geneticist and member of the LDS Church, has shown that a number of children of Smith's alleged [[List of the wives of Joseph Smith|polygamous relationships]] were not his genetic offspring. The following table lists some of the children born to Smith's alleged polygamous wives as well as those ruled out by [[genetic testing]]:<ref name="Perego 2005">{{Harvnb|Perego|Myers|Woodward|2005}}</ref><ref name="DN-2005-05-28">{{cite news|title=Research focuses on Smith family |date=2005-05-28 |work=[[Deseret News]] |url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,600137517,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630162324/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C600137517%2C00.html |archive-date=2006-06-30 }}</ref><ref name="DN-2007-11-10">{{cite news|title=DNA tests rule out 2 as Smith descendants: Scientific advances prove no genetic link |date=2007-11-10 |work=[[Deseret News]] |url=http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695226318,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113034023/http://deseretnews.com/article/1%2C5143%2C695226318%2C00.html |archive-date=2007-11-13 }}</ref>

{| class=wikitable

Line 204:

| Oliver Buell || 1838–39 || Presendia Huntington Buell || Norman Buell || Completed November 2007 || Negative<ref name="DN-2007-11-10"/> || Historian [[Fawn Brodie]] speculated that Buell was a polygamous son of Smith.<ref name="DN-2007-11-10"/>

| John Reed Hancock || April 19, 1841 || Clarissa Reed Hancock || [[Levi Hancock]] || Completed July 2011 || Negative <ref>{{cite news |last= De Groote |first= Michael |title= D NA solves a Joseph Smith Mystery |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700150651/DNA-solves-a-Joseph-Smith-mystery.html |access-date= 13 July 2011 |newspaper= Deseret News |date= 9 July 2011 |archive-date= 13 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110713152820/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700150651/DNA-solves-a-Joseph-Smith-mystery.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> || Only anecdotal evidence that Clarissa Reed Hancock was a plural wife of Smith.<ref name="Perego 2005"/><ref name="onlybrodie">Wife is not recognized by {{Harvnb|Compton|1997}} or {{Harvnb|Smith|1994|pp=13–15}}.</ref>

| [[Mosiah Hancock]] || April 9, 1834 || Clarissa Reed Hancock || [[Levi Hancock]] || Completed November 2007 || Negative<ref name="DN-2007-11-10"/> || Only anecdotal evidence that Clarissa Reed Hancock was a plural wife of Smith.<ref name="Perego 2005"/><ref name="onlybrodie"/>

Line 247:

| pages = 67–104

| publisher = The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

| doi = 10.2307/44792791

~~| url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1447&index=6~~

| jstor = 44792791

| s2cid = 164631543

| url = https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=msr

| access-date = 2008-07-16

| archive-date = ~~2014-05-12~~

| archive-~~date~~url = ~~2011-06-13~~▼

~~| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512205139/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1447&index=6~~

| url-status = ~~dead~~

}}.

* {{Citation

Line 298 ⟶ 301:

|date = Summer 1996

|pages = 1–38

|doi = 10.2307/45226184

~~|url = http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/dialogue,11274~~

|jstor = 45226184

~~|access-date = 2009-07-28~~

|s2cid = 254388739

~~|url-status = dead~~

|doi-access= free

~~|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613185905/http://content.lib.utah.edu/u/?%2Fdialogue%2C11274~~

}}.▼

▲ |archive-date = 2011-06-13

▲}}.

* {{Citation

|last=Hales

Line 460 ⟶ 462:

|pages = 69–99

|date = Summer 1986

~~|url = http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/dialogue,19427~~

|issue = 2

|doi = 10.2307/45225431

~~|url-status = dead~~

|jstor = 45225431

~~|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090221054950/http://content.lib.utah.edu/u/?%2Fdialogue%2C19427~~

|s2cid = 254299794

~~|archive-date = 2009-02-21~~

|doi-access= free

}}.

* {{Citation

| last = Whitmer

Line 505 ⟶ 507:

[[Category:Wives by person|Smith, Joseph]]

[[Category:19th-century Mormonism]]

[[Category:Lists of 19th-century people|Wives]]

~~[[Category:19th-century American women| ]]~~

[[Category:Wives of Joseph Smith| List]]

[[Category:Lists of Latter Day Saints|Smith, Joseph wives]]

[[Category:Lists of American women]]

[[Category:Lists of wives]]

[[Category:Child marriage in the United States]]