List of monarchs of Persia: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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==Before Islam==
===[[Elamite Empire]], [[2700 BC|2700 BCE]]-[[660 BC|660 BCE]]===
The Elamites were a people located in [[Susa]], in what is now [[Khuzestan]] province. Their language was neither Semitic nor Aryan, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared. Some have offered evidence for a linguistic kinship between Elamite and the modern Dravidian languages of Southern India, but this is not universally accepted. The ''proto-Elamites'' lived even as far back as [[55007,500 BC|5500years BCE]]ago in Iran. See remains [[Sialk|here]].
'''Avan Dynasty (precise dates unknown)'''
*Peli (fl. c. [[2500 BC|2500 BCE]])
*Tata (precise dates unknown)
*Ukku-Takhesh (precise dates unknown)
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*Napil-Khush (precise dates unknown)
*Kikku-Sive-Temti (precise dates unknown)
*Lukh-Ishshan (fl. c. [[24th century BC|24th century BCE]])
*Khelu (fl. c. [[24th century BC|230024th BCEcentury]])
*Khita (fl. c. [[23rd century BC|227523rd BCEcentury]])
*Kutik-Inshushinnak (fl. c. [[23rd century BC|2240 BCE]])
'''Simash Dynasty (precise dates unknown)'''
*Gir-Namme (fl. c. [[2030s BC|2030 BCE]])
*Enpi-Luhhan (fl. c. [[2010s BC|2010 BCE]])
*Khutran-Temtt (precise dates unknown)
*Kindattu (precise dates unknown)
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*Eparti I (precise dates unknown)
*Eparti II (precise dates unknown)
*Eparti III (fl. c. [[19th century BC|1850 BCE]])
*Shilkhakha (precise dates unknown)
*Attakhushu (fl. c. [[19th century BC|1830 BCE]])
*Sirukdukh (fl. c. [[18th century BC|1792 BCE]])
*Shimut-Wartash (c. [[18th century BC|1772]] - c. [[18th century BC|1770 BCE]])
'''Igehalkid Dynasty (c. 1350 - c. 1200 BCE)'''
*Ige-Halki (c. [[1350s BC|1350]] - c. [[1330s BC|1330 BCE]])
*Pakhir-Ishshan (c. [[1330s BC|1330]] - c. [[1310s BC|1310 BCE]])
*Attar-Kittakh (c. [[1310s BC|1310]] - c. [[1300s BC|1300 BCE]])
*Khuman-Numena (c. [[1300s BC|1300]] - c. [[1270s BC|1275 BCE]])
*Untash-Naprisha (c. [[1270s BC|1275]] - c. [[1240s BC|1240 BCE]])
*Unpatar-Naprisha (c. [[1240s BC|1240]] - c. [[1230s BC|1235 BCE]])
*Kiddin-Khutran (c. [[1230s BC|1235]] - c. [[1210s BC|1210 BCE]])
'''Shutrukid Dynasty (c. 1205 - c. 1100 BCE)'''
*Khallutush-In-Shushinak (c. [[1200s BC|1205]] - c. [[1180s BC|1185 BCE]])
*Shutruk-Nahhunte (c. [[1180s BC|1185]] - c. [[1150s BC|1155 BCE]])
*Kutir-Nahhunte III (c. [[1150s BC|1155]] - c. [[1150s BC|1150 BCE]])
*Shilkhak-In-Shushinak (c. [[1150s BC|1150]] - c. [[1120s BC|1120 BCE]])
*Khutelutush-In-Shushinak (c. [[1120s BC|1120]] - c. [[1110s BC|1110 BCE]])
*Shilhana-Hamru-Lagamar (c. [[1110s BC|1110]] - ???? BCE)
'''Late Elam Dynasty (743 - 644 BCE)'''
*Khumbanigash I ([[743 BC|743]] - [[717 BC|717 BCE]])
*Shuttir-Nakhkhunte ([[717 BC|717]] - [[699 BC|699 BCE]])
*Khallushu ([[699 BC|699]] - [[693 BC|693 BCE]])
*Kutir-Nakhkhunte ([[693 BC|693]] - [[692 BC|692 BCE]])
*Khumma-Menanu ([[692 BC|692]] - [[689 BC|689 BCE]])
*Khumma-Khaldash I ([[689 BC|689]] - [[681 BC|681 BCE]])
*Khumma-Khaldash II ([[681 BC|681]] - [[680 BC|680 BCE]])
*Khumma-Khaldash II & Shilhak-In-Shushinak ([[680 BC|680]] - [[676 BC|676 BCE]])
*Shilhak-In-Shushinak & Urtaku ([[676 BC|676]] - [[664 BC|664 BCE)]]
*Shilhak-In-Shushinak & Tempti-Khumma-In-Shushinak ([[664 BC|664]] - [[653 BC|653 BCE]])
*Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak & Khumbanigash II ([[653 BC|653]] - [[651 BC|651 BCE]])
*Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak & Tammaritu ([[651 BC|651]] - [[649 BC|649 BCE]])
*Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak & Indabigash ([[649 BC|649]] - [[648 BC|648 BCE]])
*Indabigash ([[648 BC|648]] - [[647 BC|647 BCE]])
*Khumma-Khaldash III ([[647 BC|647]] - [[644 BC|644 BCE]])
===[[Jiroft]] (Aratta?) Kingdom, (~2500 BCEBC)===
The recent archeological findings at [[Jiroft]] have uncovered an "independent, bronze age, civilization with its own architecture and language" that have led some archeologists to speculate it to be the remains of the lost '''Aratta Kingdom'''. [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200405/what.was.jiroft..htm 1]
===[[Medes|Median]] Dynasty===
*[[Deioces]] [[728 BC|728]]-[[675 BCEBC|675]]
*[[Phraortes]] [[675 BC|675]]-[[653 BCEBC|653]]
*[[Madius|Madius the Scythian]] [[653 BC|653]]-[[625 BCEBC|625]]
*[[Cyaxares]] [[625 BC|625]]-[[585 BCEBC|585]]
*[[Astyages]] [[585 BC|585]]-[[550 BCEBC|550]]
The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the [[Medes|Median empire]] during the [[6th century BC|6th century BCE]].
===[[Achaemenid dynasty]]===
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*[[Cambyses I of Anshan]], son of Cyrus I.
*[[Arsames of Persia]], son of Ariaramnes and co-ruler of Cambyses I
*[[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus II the Great]], son of Cambyses I, ruled from c.[[550 BC|550]] - [[530 BC|530 BCE]].
*[[Cambyses II]], his son, ruled [[530 BC|530]] - [[521 BC|521 BCE531]].
*[[Smerdis]], his alleged brother, ruled [[521 BC|521 BCE]]
*[[Darius the Great]], his brother-in-law and grandson of Arsames, ruled [[521 BC|521]] - [[486 BC|486 BCE]].
*[[Xerxes I]], his son, ruled [[486 BC|486]] -[[465 BC|465 BCE]]
*[[Artaxerxes I]], his son, ruled [[464 BC|464]] - [[424 BC|424 BCE]].
*[[Xerxes II]], his son, ruled [[424 BC | 424]] - [[423 BC|423 BCE]].
*[[Sogdianus]], his half-brother and rival, ruled [[424 BC | 424]] - [[423 BC|423 BCE]].
*[[Darius II]], his half-brother and rival, ruled [[424 BC|424]] - [[404 BC|404 BCE]].
*[[Artaxerxes II]], his son, ruled [[404 BC|404]] - [[358 BC|358 BCE]] (see also [[Xenophon]]).
*[[Artaxerxes III]],his son, ruled [[358 BC|358]] - [[338 BC|338 BCE]]
*[[Arses of Persia|Arses]], his son, ruled [[338 BC |338]] - [[336 BC|336 BCE]]
*[[Darius III of Persia|Darius III Codomannus]], great-grandson of Darius II, ruled [[336 BC|336]] -[[330 BC|330 BCE]]
The epigraphic evidence for the rulers before Cyrus the Great is highly suspect, and often considered to have been invented by [[Darius I]].
===[[Argead Dynasty]]===
*[[Alexander of Macedon]] ([[330 BC]]-[[323 BC|323 BCE]])
*[[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III Arrihadeus]] ([[323 BC]]-[[317 BC|317 BCE]])
*[[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] ([[323 BC]]-[[310 BC|310 BCE]])
===[[Seleucid dynasty]]===
*[[Seleucus I Nicator]] ([[312 BCEBC|312]]/[[305 BCEBC|305]]-[[281 BCEBC|281]])
*[[Antiochus I Soter]] (co-ruler from [[291 BC|291]], ruled [[281 BC|281]]-[[261 BCEBC|261]])
*[[Antiochus II Theos]] ([[261 BC|261]]-[[246 BCEBC|246]])
*[[Seleucus II Callinicus]] ([[246 BC|246]]-[[225 BCEBC|225]])
*[[Seleucus III Ceraunus]] ([[225 BC|225]]-[[223 BCEBC|223]])
*[[Antiochus III the Great]] ([[223 BC|223]]-[[187 BCEBC|187]])
*[[Seleucus IV Philopator]] ([[187 BC|187]]-[[175 BCEBC|175]])
*[[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] ([[175 BC|175]]-[[164 BCEBC|164]])
(The Seleucid Dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In [[253 BC|253 BCE]], the [[Arsacid Dynasty]] established itself in [[Parthia]]. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid [[2nd Centurycentury BCEBC]], the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. There were more Seleucid rulers of Syria and, for a time, Babylonia, after Antiochus IV, but none had any effective power in Persia).
===[[Parthia|Parthian]] dynasty===
{{Arsacid dynasty}}
===[[Sassanid dynasty]], AD 224-651===
*[[Ardashir I of Persia|Ardashir I]] from [[224]] to [[241]].
*[[Shapur I of Persia|Shapur I]] from [[241]] to [[272]]