Manhattan Institute for Policy Research: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{Short description|American conservative think tank}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use American English|date=February 2024}}
{{Primary sources|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox organization
| nameformerly = ManhattanInternational InstituteCenter for<br> Economic Policy ResearchStudies
| logo = Manhattan Institute logo 2024.jpg
| formerly = International Center for Economic Policy Studies
| logologo_size = Manhattan Institute logo.svg = 225px
| formation = {{start date and age|1978}}<ref name="Stahl" />▼
| logo_size = 200px
| founder = [[Antony Fisher]]<br />[[William J. Casey]]
▲| formation = {{start date and age|1978}}<ref name="Stahl" />
| foundertype = [[AntonyPublic Fisherpolicy]] and [[William J.think Caseytank]]
| headquarters = 52 [[Vanderbilt Avenue#Manhattan|Vanderbilt Avenue]]<br />[[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|NY]] 10017<br />U.S.▼
| type = [[Public policy]] [[think tank]]
| mottolocation = Turning Intellect into Influence =
| budget = Revenue: $16,694,868<br />Expenses: $15,701,907<br />([[Fiscal year|FYE September 2021]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/132912529_202109_990_2022080220263259.pdf | title=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research Inc | website=IRS | access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref>▼
▲| headquarters = 52 [[Vanderbilt Avenue#Manhattan|Vanderbilt Avenue]]<br>[[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|NY]] 10017<br>U.S.
| locationbudget_year =
| leader_title = President▼
▲| budget = Revenue: $16,694,868<br>Expenses: $15,701,907<br>([[Fiscal year|FYE September 2021]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/132912529_202109_990_2022080220263259.pdf | title=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research Inc | website=IRS | access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref>
| leader_name = [[Reihan Salam]]<ref>{{citation |url=https://nypost.com/2019/02/19/reihan-salam-poised-to-bring-manhattan-institute-to-new-highs/ |date=19 February 2019 |website= New York Post |title=Reihan Salam Poised to Bring Manhattan Institute to New Highs}}</ref>▼
| budget_year =
| leader_title2 = Chairman
▲| leader_title = President
| leader_name2 = [[Paul Singer (businessman)|Paul Singer]]
▲| leader_name = [[Reihan Salam]]<ref>{{citation |url=https://nypost.com/2019/02/19/reihan-salam-poised-to-bring-manhattan-institute-to-new-highs/ |date=19 February 2019 |website= New York Post |title=Reihan Salam Poised to Bring Manhattan Institute to New Highs}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|manhattan-institute.org}}
}}
{{Conservatism US|think tanks}}
The '''Manhattan Institute for Policy Research''' (renamed in 1981 from the '''International Center for Economic Policy Studies''') is an American [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] [[think tank]] focused on [[domestic policy]] and [[urban area|urban affairs]].<ref name="Tyrrell">R. Emmett Tyrrell, ''After the Hangover: The Conservatives' Road to Recovery'' (2010), p. 187.</ref><ref name="Stahl">Jason Stahl, ''Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture Since 1945'' (2016), p. 112.</ref> The institute's focus covers a wide variety of issues including healthcare, higher education, public housing, prisoner reentry, and policing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeniji |first=Ade |date=2015-06-01 |title=Why Wall Streeters Love The Manhattan Institute |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/economic-policy-research/2015/6/1/why-wall-streeters-love-the-manhattan-institute.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Inside Philanthropy |language=en-US}}</ref> It was established in [[Manhattan]] in 1978 by [[Antony Fisher]] and [[William J. Casey]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pace |first=Eric |date=1987-05-07 |title=WILLIAM CASEY, EX-C.I.A. HEAD, IS DEAD AT 74 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/07/obituaries/william-casey-ex-cia-head-is-dead-at-74.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Tyrrell">R. Emmett Tyrrell, ''After the Hangover: The Conservatives' Road to Recovery'' (2010), p. 187.</ref><ref name="Stahl">Jason Stahl, ''Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture Since 1945'' (2016), p. 112.</ref>
The institute produces materials including books, articles, interviews, speeches, [[op-ed]]s, policy research, and the quarterly publication ''[[City Journal (New York)|City Journal]]''. It is a key think tank and ranked in the [[Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program|Global Go To Think Tank Index (GGTTI)]] published by the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Ryan |title=Research Guides: Think Tanks: Finding Think Tanks |url=https://guides.newman.baruch.cuny.edu/thinktanks/findingthinktanks |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=guides.newman.baruch.cuny.edu |language=en}}</ref> Its current president is [[Reihan Salam]], who has led the organization since being appointed in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-20 |title=A Great Day for Conservatism, and New York City |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/a-great-day-for-conservatism-and-new-york-city/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref>
==History==
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After the [[September 11 attacks|attacks on the World Trade Center]] on September 11, 2001, the institute formed the Center for Tactical Counterterrorism (CTCT), later renamed the [[Center for Policing Terrorism]] (CPT). The group was created at the request of the NYPD, to provide research into new policing techniques with the goal of retraining officers to become "first preventers" to future mass-casualty attacks.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Eddy brought on board [[Tim Connors]], a West Point and [[Notre Dame Law School]] graduate, to oversee the day-to-day operations of the CTCT. The CTCT began publishing reports and white papers on intelligence fusion centers, local counterterrorism strategies, and intelligence-led policing. With help of institute staffers [[Mark Riebling]] and [[Pete Patton]], the center produced briefings on terrorist attacks around the world and presented them at weekly meetings with the Counterterrorism Bureau. The institute's counterterrorism strategy also built upon [[Broken windows theory|"broken windows"]] and CompStat policing models by training police in problem-solving techniques, data analysis, and order maintenance.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
In January 2005, the CTCT cautioned against the construction of a new [[United Nations]] structure over the [[Queens Midtown Tunnel]], which would have increased the value of the tunnel as a potential terrorist target.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/new-un-tower-could-sit-atop-another-target/7906/|title=New U.N. Tower Could Sit Atop Another Target|newspaper=[[The New York Sun]]}}</ref> CTCT, and later CPT, continued publishing research until 2008 when it was absorbed into National Consortium for Advanced Policing.
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In 2015, Heather Mac Donald popularized the term, the [[Ferguson effect]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} (an increase in violent crime rates in a community asserted to be caused by reduced [[proactive policing]] due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police)<ref name="NYT War"/><ref name="Vox Ferguson effect">{{Cite web|last=Lind|first=Dara|date=May 18, 2016|title=The "Ferguson effect," a theory that's warping the American crime debate, explained|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/5/18/11683594/ferguson-effect-crime-police|access-date=July 30, 2020|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> when she used it in a May 29, 2015, ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' op-ed.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-new-nationwide-crime-wave-1432938425 | title=The New Nationwide Crime Wave | work=Wall Street Journal | date=May 29, 2015 | access-date=December 15, 2015 | author=Mac Donald, Heather}}</ref> The op-ed stated the rise in crime rates in some U.S. cities was due to "agitation" against police forces.<ref name="atlantic">{{cite web|author=Ford, Matt|date=November 21, 2015|title=Debunking the Ferguson Effect|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/ferguson-effect/416931/|access-date=December 15, 2015|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> Mac Donald also argued "Unless the demonization of law enforcement ends, the liberating gains in urban safety will be lost", quoting a number of police officers who said police morale was at an all-time low.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32995911 | title=Why has the murder rate in some US cities suddenly spiked? | work=BBC News | date=June 5, 2015 | access-date=December 15, 2015 | author=Gold, Ashley}}</ref> The following year, Mac Donald published ''The War on Cops'', which asserted that a "new attack on law and order makes everyone less safe".<ref name="NYT War">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/books/review/the-war-on-cops-by-heather-mac-donald-and-handcuffed-by-malcolm-sparrow.html |title=The Problem With Modern Policing, as Seen From the Right and From the Left|first1=Barry|last1=Friedman|work=The New York Times|date=June 27, 2016}}</ref> In the book, Mac Donald further highlighted the Ferguson effect,<ref name="NYT War"/> and argued that claims of racial discrimination in policing are "unsupported by evidence", and are instead due to larger numbers of crimes being reported as having been committed by minorities.<ref name="NYT War"/>
In 2021, the institute initiated an annual "Celebration of Ideas" in [[Palm Beach County, Florida]]. This was highlighted by ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' in a 2023 article noting the institute's growing presence in [[Florida]].<ref>{{Cite webnews|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/florida-republican-state-trump-desantis-2b9b588|title=Essay | How Florida Became America’sAmerica's GOP Hot Spot|first1=Arian|last1=Campo-Flores|first2=Alex|last2=Leary|first3=Anthony|last3=DeBarros|newspaper=WSJ |date=April 1, 2023|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref> In January 2023, Institute senior fellow [[Christopher Rufo]], director of the organization's initiative on [[critical race theory]],<ref>{{Cite webmagazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-inquiry/how-a-conservative-activist-invented-the-conflict-over-critical-race-theory|title=How a Conservative Activist Invented the Conflict Over Critical Race Theory|first=Benjamin|last=Wallace-Wells|magazine=The New Yorker |date=June 18, 2021|via=www.newyorker.com}}</ref> was appointed by Florida Governor [[Ron DeSantis]] to serve on the [[New College of Florida]] Board of Trustees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/02/christopher-rufo-manhattan-institute/673008/|title=DEI Is an Ideological Test|first=Graeme|last=Wood|date=February 10, 2023|website=The Atlantic}}</ref>
==Programs==
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The institute founded its quarterly magazine on urban policy and culture called ''[[City Journal (New York City)|City Journal]]'' in 1990.<ref name="mai">{{cite web|title=The Manhattan Institute celebrates City Journal's 20th anniversary|url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cj20anniversary.htm|work=Manhattan Institute|date=2014|access-date=11 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120707101303/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cj20anniversary.htm|archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, it is edited by [[Brian C. Anderson]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-journal.org/about|title=About City Journal|date=2 October 2015|publisher=[[City Journal (New York City)|City Journal]]}}</ref> contributors include Heather Mac Donald, Christopher F. Rufo, Theodore Dalrymple, Nicole Gelinas, Steven Malanga, Edward L. Glaeser, Kay Hymowitz, Victor Davis Hanson, Judith Miller, and John Tierney.
The [[Adam Smith Society]] was founded by the institute in 2011. ''Bloomberg'' describes it as a nationwide chapter-based association of business school students who “double down on” capitalism.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Choi|first1=Amy|title=Defying Skeptics, Some Business Schools Double Down on Capitalism|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-03-04/defying-skeptics-some-business-schools-double-down-on-capitalism|access-date=24 February 2015|magazine=Bloomberg Business|date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, the organization had nine professional chapters, located in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Boston]], [[Chicago]], [[Dallas]], [[Houston]], [[London]], [[New York City]], [[San Francisco]], and [[Washington, D.C.]], and 33 student chapters at such schools as the [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]], [[University of Chicago Booth School of Business]], and the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adamsmithsociety.com/html/student-chapters-0079.html|title=Student Chapters|date=8 April 2016}}</ref>
Created in 2006, the institute's Veritas Fund for Higher Education was a [[donor advised fund]] that invested in universities and professors. The fund invested in courses related to western civilization, the American founding, and political economy.<ref name="New York Sun">{{cite news|last1=Shapiro|first1=Gary|title=Manhattan Institute Aims At Academia|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/manhattan-institute-aims-at-academia/44152/|access-date=24 February 2015|newspaper=New York Sun|date=November 27, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Patricia|title=Conservatives Try New Tack on Campuses|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/22/education/22conservative.html?pagewanted=print|access-date=24 February 2015|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 22, 2008}}</ref>
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In 2015, the institute launched [[SchoolGrades.org]], claiming that it was the only grading system that uses a rigorous, common standard to compare schools across the U.S.—accounting for differences in academic standards across states and each school's unique economic profile to provide a comprehensive picture of school performance in core subjects.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} The institute also launched ''The Beat'' in 2015. The Beat is an email that focuses on issues that matter most to New York, drawing on the work of Manhattan Institute scholars: transportation, education, quality of life, and the local goings-on at City Hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empirestatetribune.com/est/city/darienolesen/12/01/2015/thriving-or-surviving-manhattan-institute-examines-quality-of-life-in-nyc?rq=Thriving+or+Surviving?+Manhattan+Institute+examines+quality+of+life+in+NYC|title=Thriving or Surviving? Manhattan Institute examines quality of life in NYC|first=Darien|last=Olesen|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Empire State Tribune|quote=What does the quality of life look like in New York City today? Are New Yorkers thriving or merely surviving? These are questions Manhattan Institute has been asking in its social media-geared publication, “The Beat”—a series of newsletters addressing current urban issues.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nypdnews.com/2015/11/police-commissioner-bratton-sits-on-quality-of-life-panel/|title=Police Commissioner Bratton Sits On Quality Of Life Panel|date=November 19, 2015|publisher=NYPD News}}</ref> This pilot program ended in 2019.
The Alexander Hamilton Award Dinner was created in 2001 to recognize people who worked to revitalize American cities.<ref>Robert A. Katzmann, ''Daniel Patrick Moynihan: The Intellectual in Public Life'' (2004), p. 194.</ref> It is named after [[Alexander Hamilton]]. Throughout the years, the institute has expanded the scope of the prize to leaders on local, state, and national levels, working in public policy, culture, and philanthropy. Past honorees include: [[Tim Scott]], [[Nikki Haley]], [[Dan Loeb]], [[Ken Griffin]], [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], [[William F. Buckley Jr.]], [[Rudolph Giuliani]], [[Tom Wolfe]], [[Rupert Murdoch]], [[Raymond Kelly]], [[Henry Kissinger]], Cardinal [[Timothy Dolan]], [[Bobby Jindal]], [[Paul Ryan]], [[Jeb Bush]], [[George Kelling]], and [[Eva Moskowitz]]. [[Douglas Murray (author)|Douglas Murray]] and [[Ross_Perot_Jr.|Ross Perot Jr]] were most recently granted the award on 10 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rud4Jq51Lx8 | title=Douglas Murray: Choose Life, Not the Death Cult | FULL SPEECH | website=[[YouTube]] | date=May 10, 2024 }}</ref>
==Policy positions and initiatives==
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The institute focuses on both national and local issues, including [[municipal finance]], [[public pensions]], [[infrastructure]], [[welfare]], [[policing]], and [[housing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/urban-policy|title=Urban Policy|publisher=Manhattan Institute}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}}
The institute pushed for [[welfare reform]] in the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.manhattan-institute.org/tools/topical_index.php?topic=2 | title=Welfare | date=2013 | website=Manhattan Institute for Policy Research | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055752/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/tools/topical_index.php?topic=2 | archive-date=23 October 2013 | access-date=19 September 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2022}} On the 20th anniversary of the [[Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act]], the institute published a report by former senior fellow Scott Winship defending the act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/08/welfare-reform-scott-winship-poverty-000189|title=Did welfare reform work?|date=August 22, 2016 |publisher=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
The institute has published multiple books focused on America's cities; in 1997 it published ''Twenty-First Century City: Resurrecting Urban America'', authored by then-Indianapolis Mayor [[Stephen Goldsmith]]. In 2015 it published ''The Next Urban Renaissance''. In 2016, it published ''Retooling Metropolis''.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
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[[Category:Manhattan Institute for Policy Research| ]]
[[Category:Political and economic think tanks in the United States]]