Mariah Carey: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{Short description|American singer (born 1969)}}
{{About|the singer|her self-titled album|Mariah Carey (album)}}
{{For|the album|Mariah Carey (album){{!}}''Mariah Carey'' (album)}}
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{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
{{Featured article}}
|name = Mariah Carey
{{Use American English|date=April 2020}}
|Img = MariahGMA.jpg
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
|caption = Carey performing on ''[[Good Morning America]]'', May 24, 2013
{{Infobox person
|background = solo_singer
| name = Mariah Carey
|birth_name = <!-- LEAVE THIS FIELD EMPTY; MARIAH HAS STATED THAT SHE HAS NO MIDDLE NAME. -->
| image = Mariah Carey Library of Congress 2023 1 Cropped 3.png<!-- NOTE: Do not replace Mariah Carey Library of Congress 2023 1 Cropped 3.png unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria -->
|birth_date ={{birth date and age|1970|03|27}}{{refn|Some sources give birth year as 1969, including <ref name=peoplebio>{{cite web |title=Mariah Carey Biography |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |url=http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey/biography |accessdate=2011-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20021007-10391698.html | first = Jessica | last = Derschowitz | title= Mariah Carey: I'm Pregnant | date = October 28, 2010 | publisher = [[CBS News]] | quote = …Carey, 41…}}</ref> and <ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.parade.com/celebrity/hollywood-wire/2011/03/28/mariah-carey-early-contractions.html | date = March 28, 2011 | title = Mariah Carey Has Early Contractions on Birthday | work = [[Parade (magazine)|Parade]] | quote = Carey, who turned 42 on Sunday.... | accessdate = July 13, 2013}}</ref>|group=n|name=born}}
| alt = Mariah Carey smiling in a black dress in front of a Christmas tree
|birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Huntington, New York]]}}, [[United States|U.S.]]
| caption = Carey in 2023
|genre = {{Flat list|
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|3|27}}{{efn|name=Birth date}}<!--NOTE: This is sourced in the Early life section. Do not change without gaining consensus on the talk page beforehand.-->
*[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]
| birth_place = [[Huntington, New York]], US<!-- Per [[MOS:U.S.]], "the use or non-use of periods (full stops) should also be consistent with other country abbreviations in the same article (thus 'the US, UK, and USSR', not 'the U.S., UK, and USSR')." -->
*[[Pop music|pop]]
| occupation = {{Hlist|Singer|songwriter|record producer|actress}}
*[[Hip hop music|hip hop]]
| years_active = 1988–present
*[[Soul music|soul]]
| works = {{Hlist|[[Mariah Carey albums discography|Albums]]|[[Mariah Carey singles discography|singles]]|[[List of songs recorded by Mariah Carey|songs recorded]]|[[Mariah Carey videography|videography]]|[[List of Mariah Carey live performances|performances]]}}
*[[Dance music|dance]]
| spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{Marriage|[[Tommy Mottola]]|1993|1998|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Nick Cannon]]|2008|2016|end=divorced}}}}
*[[hip hop soul]]}}
| children = 2
|years_active = 1988–present
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey|Full list]]
|spouse = [[Tommy Mottola]] 1993-1998, [[Nick Cannon]] 2008–
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
|associated_acts = [[Brenda K. Starr]], [[Trey Lorenz]], [[Knoc-turn'al]], [[Allure (group)|Allure]], [[Da Brat]], [[Boyz II Men]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Jermaine Dupri]], [[Bone Thugs-n-Harmony|Bone Thugs N Harmony]], [[Ne-Yo]], [[Miguel (singer)|Miguel]]
| instruments = Vocals
|occupation = Singer, songwriter, record producer, actress, philanthropist
| genre = {{Hlist|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[hip hop]]|[[Soul music|soul]]}}
|instrument = [[Vocals]], [[piano]]
| label = {{Hlist|[[Columbia Records|CBSColumbia]], |[[ColumbiaCrave Records|ColumbiaCrave]], |[[Virgin Records|Virgin]], |[[MonarC]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[Def Jam]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]<!--Recently signed-->}}<!--Mariah Carey is not signed to Roc Nation label, but with the management team, to check to click on artists on the Roc Nation site and click management and she is seen there; however, on artists she is suddenly nowhere to be found.-->
}}
|website = {{URL|mariahcarey.com}}
| website = {{URL|mariahcarey.com}}
| signature = Mariah's signature.png
}}
'''Mariah Carey''' (born March 27, 1970)<ref name="Nickson2011">{{cite book|first=Chris|last=Nickson|title=Mariah Carey Revisited: The Unauthorized Biography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=v7E72BESn3gC&pg=PA8|year=2011|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-4299-4015-3|page=8}}</ref><ref name="Shapiro2001">{{cite book|first=Marc|last=Shapiro|title=Mariah Carey|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-52eG8YN4tAC&pg=PA18|year=2001|publisher=ECW Press|isbn=978-1-55022-444-3|page=18}}</ref><ref name="McCann2010">{{cite book|first=Bob|last=McCann|title=Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X7ZYsnTPIhwC&pg=PA69|year=2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5804-2|page=69}}</ref><ref name="Smith2010">{{cite book|first=Jessie Carney|last=Smith|title=Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture [Four Volumes]|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=10rEGSIItjgC&pg=PA242|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35797-8|page=242}}</ref><ref name="CandelariaGarcía2004">{{cite book|first1=Cordelia|last1=Candelaria|first2=Peter J.|last2=García|first3=Arturo J.|last3=Aldama|title=Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=STjcB_f7CVcC&pg=PA107|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33210-4|page=107}}</ref> is an [[United States|American]] [[singer]], [[songwriter]], [[record producer]], [[actress]], and [[Philanthropy|philanthropist]]. Under the guidance of [[Columbia Records]] executive [[Tommy Mottola]], Carey released her self-titled debut [[studio album]] ''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]'' in 1990; it went multi-platinum and spawned four consecutive number one singles on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993 and success with hit records ''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]'' (1991), ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' (1993), and ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' (1994), Carey was established as Columbia's highest-selling act. ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995) made music history when its second single "[[One Sweet Day]]", a duet with [[Boyz II Men]], spent a record sixteen weeks on top of the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and remains the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|longest-running number-one song in U.S. chart history]]. During the recording of the album, Carey began to deviate from her R&B and pop beginnings and slowly traversed into hip hop. This musical change became evident with the release of ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997), at which time Carey had separated from Mottola.
'''Mariah Carey''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|r|aɪ|ə}};<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7PLGJjd9vQ&t=1s |title= Can Mariah Carey Remember Tricky Questions About Her Long Career? {{!}} All About Me |date=December 22, 2021 |last=Carey |first=Mariah |magazine=[[Harper's Bazaar]] |access-date=May 25, 2024 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{rp|0:01}} born March 27, 1969){{efn|name=Birth date}}<!--NOTE: This is sourced in the Early life section. Do not change without gaining consensus on the talk page beforehand.--> is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress.<!--Per MOS:ROLEBIO, please do not stuff this lead sentence with her lesser-known occupations. The infobox lists the rest.--> [[Cultural impact of Mariah Carey|An influential figure in music]], she is known for her five-octave [[vocal range]], [[melisma]]tic singing style and signature use of the [[whistle register]]. Referred to as the "Songbird Supreme" by ''[[Guinness World Records]]'', she was ranked as the fifth greatest singer of all time by ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' in 2023.
Carey left Columbia in 2000, and signed a $100 million recording contract with [[Virgin Records]]. Before the release of her first feature film ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001), she suffered a physical and emotional breakdown and was hospitalized for severe exhaustion. Following the film's poor reception, she was bought out of her recording contract for $50 million, which led to a decline in her career. She signed a multi-million dollar contract deal with [[Island Records]] in 2002, and after an unsuccessful period, returned to the top of music charts with ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005). Its second single "[[We Belong Together]]" became her most successful single of the 2000s, and was later named "Song of the Decade" by ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]''. Carey once again ventured into film with a well-received starring role in ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'' (2009); she was awarded the "Breakthrough Performance Award" at the [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]], and [[Black Reel Awards of 2010|Black Reel]] and [[NAACP Image Award]] nominations.
Carey rose to fame in 1990 with her [[Mariah Carey (album)|self-titled debut album]] and became the only artist to have their first five singles reach number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart. She achieved an international success with the [[List of best-selling albums|best-selling albums]] ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' (1993) and ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995), before adopting a new urban image with [[hip hop music|hip hop]]-inflected sounds, following the release of ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997). With eleven consecutive years of US number-one singles, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' ranked Carey as the [[Billboard Decade-End#1990s|most successful artist of the decade]]. Following a career decline and the failure of her 2001 film ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', she returned to the top of the charts with ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005), one of the [[List of best-selling albums of the 21st century|best-selling albums of the 21st century]].
In a career spanning over two decades, Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide, making her one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling music artists]] of all time. In 1998, she was honored as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the [[World Music Awards]]. Carey was also named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000. According to the [[Recording Industry Association of America]], she is the third [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States|best-selling female artist]] in the United States, with 63.5 million [[RIAA certification|certified]] albums. With the release of "[[Touch My Body]]" (2008), Carey gained her eighteenth number one single in the United States, more than any other solo artist. In 2012, Carey was ranked second on [[VH1]]'s list of the "100 Greatest Women in Music". Aside from her commercial accomplishments, Carey has won five [[Grammy Award]]s, 17 World Music Awards, 11 [[American Music Award]]s, and 31 [[Billboard Music Award]]s. Referred to as the "songbird supreme" by the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'', she is famed for her five-octave [[vocal range]], [[Belting (music)|power]], [[melisma]]tic style and signature use of the [[whistle register]].
Carey's public and personal life, including her [[diva]] persona, high-profile relationships and [[Glitter (soundtrack)#Controversies|public breakdown in 2001]], has received [[Public image of Mariah Carey|widespread media coverage]]. She has also been dubbed the "Queen of Christmas" due to the enduring popularity of her [[Christmas music|holiday music]], particularly ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' (1994), the [[List of best-selling Christmas albums in the United States|best-selling holiday album]], and its single "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", which is the best selling [[List of best-selling singles|holiday single]] by a female artist of all time. Outside of music, she has [[Mariah Carey videography#Filmography|acted in major roles]] in the films ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]'' (2008), ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'' (2009), ''[[The Butler]]'' (2013), ''[[A Christmas Melody]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]'' (2017). Appearing on multiple television series, Carey served as an ''[[American Idol]]'' judge and starred in the docu-series ''[[Mariah's World]]''. She published a memoir, ''[[The Meaning of Mariah Carey]]'', in 2020.
==Life and career==
Carey is one of the [[List of best-selling music artists#200 million to 249 million records|best-selling music artists]], with over 220 million records sold worldwide. She was inducted into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]], the [[National Recording Registry]] at the [[Library of Congress]], and [[The Long Island Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame]]. Her [[List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey|accolades]] include 5 competitive [[Grammy Award|Grammy Awards]] and a [[Grammy Global Impact Award]], 10 [[American Music Awards]], 19 [[World Music Awards]] and 20 [[Billboard Music Awards]]. Carey's [[Mariah Carey singles discography|high-charting singles]] include "[[One Sweet Day]]" and "[[We Belong Together]]" – ''Billboard'''s most successful songs of the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of the 1990s|1990s]] and [[List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of the 2000s|2000s]], respectively. She holds the record for the most ''Billboard'' Hot 100 number-one singles by [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most number-one singles|a solo artist]] (19), [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Songwriters with the most number-one singles|a female songwriter]] (18), and [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Producers with the most number-one singles|a female producer]] (15), spending a [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most cumulative weeks at number one|record 93 weeks atop the chart]]. Carey is the [[List of highest-certified music artists in the United States|highest-certified female artist]] in the United States and 10th overall, with 75 million [[RIAA certification|certified]] [[Album-equivalent units|album units]].
===1970–87: Early life and struggles===
Mariah Carey was born on [[Long Island]], in [[Huntington, New York]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/fanfare/li-music-hall-of-fame-recognizes-local-talent-1.884107 | title = LI Music Hall of Fame recognizes local talent | date = October 22, 2008 | first = Glenn | last= Gamboa | work = [[Newsday]] | location = [[New York City]] / [[Long Island]] | quote = Born in Huntington, raised in Greenlawn.}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=8}}</ref> Her father, Alfred Roy, was of [[African American]] and [[Venezuelan people|Venezuelan]] (including Afro-Venezuelan) descent, while her mother, Patricia (née Hickey), is of white [[Irish American|Irish]] descent. The last name Carey was the product of a name-change by her Venezuelan grandfather, Francisco Nuñez, after emigrating to New York.<ref name="nick2">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=7}}</ref> Patricia's father had died while she was young; however, she inherited his passion for music.<ref name="nick2"/> She developed a career as an occasional opera singer and vocal coach, and met Alfred in 1960.<ref name="nick1">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=8}}</ref> As he began earning a living as an aeronautical engineer, the couple wed later that year, and moved into a small suburb in New York.<ref name="nick2"/> After the pair's elopement, Patricia's family disowned her, due to marrying a man of color. Carey later explained that growing up, she felt a notion of neglect from her maternal family, a mark that affected her greatly: "So later I was like, 'Well, where does this leave me? Am I a bad person?' You know. It's still not that common to be a multi-racial person, but I'm happy with the combination of things that I am."<ref name="nick2"/> During the interval of years in between Carey's older sister Alison and the singer's birth, the Carey family experienced personal struggles within the community due to their ethnicity.<ref name="nick2"/> Carey's name was derived from the song "[[They Call the Wind Mariah]]", originally from the 1951 Broadway musical ''[[Paint Your Wagon (musical)|Paint Your Wagon]].''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/10883/Mariah-Carey|title=Mariah Carey Biography|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey|title=Celebrity Central: Top 25 Celebrities: Mariah Carey|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> When Carey was three years old, her parents divorced due to the increasingly strenuous nature of their marriage.<ref name="nick3">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=9}}</ref>
== Early life ==
{{Quote box|width=300px|align=left|quote="It's been difficult for me, moving around so much, having to grow up by myself... my parents divorced. And I always felt kind of different from everybody else in my neighborhoods. I was a different person ethnically. And sometimes, that can be a problem. If you look a certain way, everybody goes 'White girl', and I'd go, 'No, that's not what I am'."|source=—Carey, on the difficulty of her childhood<ref name="nick6">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=14}}</ref>
Carey was born on March 27, 1969,<!--NOTE: Once again, do not change without gaining consensus on talk page beforehand. If you find another source that may change the consensus, please discuss more on the talk page.-->{{efn|name=Birth date|While some sources give a birth year of 1970,<ref>* {{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |title=The Pop Life – Mariah Carey's Debut |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/13/arts/the-pop-life-987890.html |access-date=March 27, 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 13, 1990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101111434/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/13/arts/the-pop-life-987890.html |archive-date=January 1, 2018 |quote=The 20-year-old singer...}}
}}
* {{harvnb|Nickson|1998}}
After their separation, Alison moved in with her father, while the other two children remained with their mother.<ref name="nick3"/> As the years passed, Carey would grow apart from her father, and would later stop seeing him altogether.<ref name="nick3"/><ref name="nick4">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=10–11}}</ref> By the age of four, Carey recalled that she had begun to sneak the radio under her covers at night, and just sing from her heart, and try and find peace within the music.<ref name="nick4"/> During elementary school, she would excel in subjects that she enjoyed, such as literature, art and music, while not finding interest in other subjects.<ref name="nick5">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=13}}</ref> After several years of financial struggles, Patricia earned enough money to move her family into a stable and more affluent sector in New York.<ref name="nick5"/> Carey had begun writing poems and adding melodies to them, thus starting as a [[singer-songwriter]] while attending [[Harborfields High School]] in Greenlawn, New York.<ref name="nick7">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=16}}</ref> Even from a young age, Carey excelled in her music, and demonstrated usage of the [[whistle register]], though only beginning to master and control it through her training with her mother.<ref name="nick7"/> Though introducing her daughter to the world of classical opera, Patricia never pressured Carey to pursue a career in the genre, as she never seemed interested in that world of music.<ref name="nick7"/> Carey recalled that she kept her singer-songwriter works a secret and noted that Patricia had "never been a pushy mom. She never said, 'Give it more of an operatic feel'. I respect opera like crazy, but it didn't influence me."<ref name="nick7"/><ref name="nick8">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=17}}</ref>
* {{harvnb|Shapiro|2001}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Eliscu |first=Jenny |title=Mariah After Midnight |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-after-midnight-2-102924/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327221424/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-after-midnight-2-102924/ |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |date=February 23, 2006 |quote=When Patricia Carey gave birth to a seven-pound baby girl at 7:27 A.M. on March 27th, 1970...
}}</ref> a birth announcement in Carey's hometown newspaper ''[[Long Islander News|The Long-Islander]]'' indicates 1969,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn83031119/1969-04-10/ed-1/seq-15/|title=Recent Births Are Announced |newspaper=[[Long Islander News|The Long-Islander]]|date=April 10, 1969|page=2{{hyphen}}3|access-date=February 16, 2021|quote=Recent births at Huntington Hospital have been announced as follows{{nbsp}}... March 27 Mariah, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Carey, Huntington|via=NYS Historic Newspapers|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303103838/https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn83031119/1969-04-10/ed-1/seq-15/|archive-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> as do others.<ref>* {{cite news |title=Short Takes: Mariah Carey Doing OK at 21 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-21-ca-641-story.html |access-date=March 27, 2019 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 21, 1991 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327220743/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-21-ca-641-story.html |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |quote=At age 21, she seems...}}
* {{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR4Ch1dMe8IC&q=who%27s+who+in+america+mariah+carey+1969&pg=PA275|title=The International Who's Who 2004|edition=67|publisher=[[Europa Publications]]|location=London|year=2003|editor-first=Elizabeth|editor-last=Sleeman|chapter=Carey, Mariah|isbn=978-1-85743-217-6|quote=b. 1969, Long Island, NY|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalwho2004ond}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Mariah Carey – Biography |url=http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey/biography/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817222020/http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey/biography/ |archive-date=August 17, 2016|quote=Date of Birth: March 27, 1969}}</ref>}} in [[Huntington (CDP), New York|Huntington, New York]].<ref name="6G76Y">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/fanfare/li-music-hall-of-fame-recognizes-local-talent-1.884107|title=LI Music Hall of Fame recognizes local talent|date=October 22, 2008|first=Glenn|last=Gamboa|magazine=[[Newsday]]|quote=Born in Huntington, raised in Greenlawn.|access-date = September 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014201804/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/fanfare/li-music-hall-of-fame-recognizes-local-talent-1.884107|archive-date=October 14, 2013}}</ref><ref name="nick1"/> Her name is derived from the song "[[They Call the Wind Maria]]", originally from the 1951 Broadway musical ''[[Paint Your Wagon (musical)|Paint Your Wagon]].''<ref name="b3WSA">{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/10883/Mariah-Carey/biography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017180104/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/10883/Mariah-Carey/biography|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 17, 2013|department=Movies & TV Dept.|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|date=2013|title=Mariah Carey Biography|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref><ref name="zDki9">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey|title=Celebrity Central: Top 25 Celebrities: Mariah Carey|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|access-date=August 14, 2011|archive-date=August 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812025400/http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey|url-status=live}}</ref> She is the youngest of three children born to Patricia (née Hickey), a former opera singer and vocal coach of Irish descent, and Alfred Roy Carey, an aeronautical engineer of both African-American and Afro-Venezuelan lineage. The last name "Carey" was adopted by her Venezuelan grandfather, Francisco Núñez, after he emigrated to New York.<ref name="nick2">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=7}}</ref><ref name="nick1">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=8}}</ref> Patricia's family disowned her for marrying a black man. Racial tensions prevented the Carey family from integrating into their community. While they lived in Huntington, their neighbors poisoned the family dog and set fire to their car.<ref name="nick2"/> After her parents' divorce, Carey had little contact with Alfred, and Patricia worked several jobs to support the family. Carey spent much of her time at home alone and began singing at age three, often imitating her mother's take on [[Verdi]]'s opera ''[[Rigoletto]]'' in Italian. Her older sister Alison moved in with their father while Mariah and her elder brother Morgan lived with their mother.<ref name="nick3">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=9}}</ref><ref name="nick4">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=10–11}}</ref>
During her years in elementary school, she excelled in the arts, such as music and literature. Carey began writing poetry and lyrics while attending [[Harborfields High School]] in [[Greenlawn, New York]],<ref name="nick7">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=16}}</ref> where she graduated in 1987.<ref name="people1993">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-how-sweet-it-is-vol-42-no-21|date=November 22, 1993|volume=42|issue=21|title=How Sweet It Is|first=Steve|last=Dougherty|magazine=People|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235235/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0%2C%2C20106787%2C00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey began vocal training under her mother's guidance. Though she was a classically trained opera singer, Patricia Carey never pressured her daughter to pursue a career in classical opera. Mariah Carey recalled that she had "never been a pushy mom. She never said, 'Give it more of an operatic feel.' I respect opera like crazy, but it didn't influence me."<ref name="nick7"/><ref name="nick8">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=17}}</ref> In high school, Mariah Carey was often absent because of her work as a [[demo (music)|demo]] singer. This led to her classmates giving her the nickname [[Mirage]].<ref name="nick8"/> Working in the Long Island music scene gave her opportunities to work with musicians such as [[Gavin Christopher]] and [[Ben Margulies]], with whom she co-wrote material for her demo tape. After moving to New York City, she worked part-time jobs to pay the rent and completed 500 hours of [[Cosmetology|beauty school]].<ref name="nick9">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=18}}</ref> Carey moved into a one-bedroom apartment in Manhattan with four female students as roommates.<ref name="nick10">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=19}}</ref> She landed a gig singing backup for [[freestyle music|freestyle]] singer [[Brenda K. Starr]].<ref name="nick13">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=22}}</ref><ref name="nick14">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=61}}</ref>
While a high school student, Carey developed a relationship with Gavin Christopher, with whom she shared musical aspirations. The songwriting duo needed an assistant who could play the [[Musical keyboard|keyboard]]: "We called someone and he couldn't come, so by accident we stumbled upon [[Ben Margulies|Ben]] [Margulies]. Ben came to the studio, and he really couldn't play the keyboards very well - he was really more of a drummer - but after that day, we kept in touch, and we sort of clicked as writers."<ref name="nick8"/> Carey and Christopher began writing and composing songs in the basement of his father's store during Carey's [[Senior (education)|senior year]]. After composing their first song together, "Here We Go Round Again", which Carey described as having a [[Motown]]-vibe, they continued writing material for a full-length demo.<ref name="nick9">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=18}}</ref> She began living in a one bedroom studio in Manhattan, which she shared with four other female students.<ref name="nick10">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=19}}</ref><ref name="nick11">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=20}}</ref> During this time, Carey worked as a waitress for various restaurants, usually getting fired after two-week intervals.<ref name="nick12">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=21}}</ref> While requiring work to pay for her rent, Carey's mind and effort still remained with her musical ambitions, as she continued working late into the night with Margulies, in hopes of completing a demo that could be passed on to [[Music executive|record executives]].<ref name="nick12"/> After completing her four song demo tape, Carey attempted to pass it to music labels, but was met with failure each time.<ref name="nick13">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=22}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, she was introduced to rising [[Pop music|pop]] singer [[Brenda K. Starr]].<ref name="nick13"/><ref name="nick14">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=61}}</ref>
== Career ==
===1988–92: Recording debut and career beginnings===
=== 1988–1990: Career beginnings and self-titled debut album ===
[[File:Mariah Carey 1990.jpg|thumb|upright|Carey exiting the Shepherd's Bush Theatre after promoting her single "Vision of Love" on ''The Wogan Show'', in 1990.]]
[[File:Mariah Carey 1990 cropped.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey exiting [[Shepherd's Bush Empire]] after promoting her single "[[Vision of Love]]" on ''[[Wogan]]'' in 1990]]
In December 1988, Carey accompanied Starr to a music executive's party, and handed her demo tape to the head of [[Columbia Records]], [[Tommy Mottola]].<ref name="nick17">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=25}}</ref><ref name="nick16">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=26}}</ref> After listening to the tape during the ride home, he immediately requested the driver turn around. She had already left the event, and Mottola spent two weeks looking for her. Another record label expressed interest and a bidding war ensued. He signed Carey to Columbia and enlisted producers [[Ric Wake]], [[Narada Michael Walden]], and [[Rhett Lawrence]] for her first album.<ref name="nick17"/>
AsColumbia marketed Carey's friendshipas withthe Starrmain grewfemale artist on their roster, socompeting didwith her[[Arista interestRecords]]'s in[[Whitney helpingHouston]] Careyand succeed[[Madonna]] inof the[[Sire industryRecords]].<ref name="nick17nick18">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=2528–29}}</ref> OnIt aspent Fridayupwards nightof in$1 million December 1988,promoting Carey's accompanieddebut Starrstudio to a record executives galaalbum, where she handed her demo tape to ''[[TommyMariah Mottola]],Carey head(album)|Mariah of [[Columbia RecordsCarey]], who listened to it on his way back home''.<ref name="nick17"/><ref name="nick16nick19">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=2633}}</ref> AfterOn theJune first two5, songs1990, heCarey becamemade soher first public enamoredappearance at the sound[[1990 andNBA qualityFinals]], ofsinging Carey's"[[America voicethe thatBeautiful]]". heThe turnedhighlight aroundwas andthe returnedpiercing towhistle note toward the eventsong's conclusion, onlysparking toCBS findSports thatanchor she[[Pat hadO'Brien left.<ref(radio name="nick16"/>and Intelevision whatpersonality)|Pat hasO'Brien]] beento widelydeclare, described"The by[[The criticsPalace asof a modernAuburn day [[CinderellaHills|palace]]-like tale,now has a queen."<ref name=nycc"eZTkj">{{cite news|url=httphttps://www.nytimeswsj.com/1991/04/14/artsarticles/popBL-musicSEB-the-marketing-muscle-behind-mariah-carey.html81746#:~:text=Her%20obscurity%20faded%20forever%20on,Pat%20O'Brien%20to%20declare|title=PopA Music;Look TheBack: Marketing7 MuscleAll-Star BehindNBA MariahMusical CareyPerformances|last=GoodmanAnderson|first=FredTrevor|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=AprilJune 1416, 19912014|accessdateaccess-date=AugustJuly 1420, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite2020|archive-date=July news20, 2021|archive-url=httphttps://newsweb.googlearchive.org/web/20210720151615/https://www.wsj.com/newspapers?idarticles/BL-SEB-81746#:~:text=ivFRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1m4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6885Her%20obscurity%20faded%20forever%20on,6109094&dq=mariah+carey+cinderella&hl=enPat%20O'Brien%20to%20declare|title=Vocal Range lets Carey Soar to the Top|last=Italie|first=Hillel|work=[[Pittsburgh Posturl-Gazette]]|publisherstatus=John Robinson Block|date=August 18, 1990|accessdate=August 18, 2011live}}</ref> afterThe searchingalbum for Carey for two weeks, and eventually contacting her through Starr's management, he immediately signed her and began mapping out her debut into mainstream music.<ref name="nick17"/> While she maintained that she wanted to continue working with Margulies, Mottola enlisted top producers oftopped the time, includingUS [[RicBillboard Wake]],200|''Billboard'' [[Narada Michael Walden200]] andfor [[Rhetteleven Lawrence]].<refconsecutive name="nick17"/>weeks, Mottolaafter andCarey's the staffexposure at Columbia had planned to market Carey as the main female pop artist on their roster, competing with the likes of [[Whitney33rd Houston]]Annual andGrammy [[Madonna (entertainer)|MadonnaAwards]], whowhere wereshe signedwon tothe [[Aristaaward Records|Arista]] andfor [[SireBest RecordsNew Artist]] respectively.<ref name="nick18">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=28–29}}</ref> After the completion of her debut album, titledand ''[[MariahBest CareyFemale (album)|MariahPop CareyVocal Performance]]'', Columbiafor spenther ansingle upward"Vision of $1 million to promote itLove".<ref name="nick19eZTkj1">{{harvnbcite news|Nicksonurl=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/461628961.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+21%2C+1991&author=AP&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Major+Grammy+winners&pqatl=google|1998|pptitle=33}}</ref>Major Though opening with weak sales, the album eventually reached the top of theGrammy Winners|last=Bartha|first=Agatha|newspaper=[[BillboardToronto 200Star]]|''Billboard''date=February 200]]12, after Carey's exposure at the [[1991|access-date=August Grammy18, Awards2011|33rdarchive-date=July annual]]25, [[Grammy Award]]s2012|archive-url=https://web.<ref namearchive.org/web/20120725002927/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/461628961.html?FMT="nick20">{{harvnbABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+21%2C+1991&author=AP&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Major+Grammy+winners&pqatl=google|Nickson|1998|ppurl-status=45dead}}</ref> ''Mariah Carey'' stayed atop the charts for eleven consecutive weeks,<ref name="jtml6">{{cite news|url=httphttps://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56149786.html?dids=56149786:56149786%3A56149786&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT%3AFT&type=current&date=May+13%2C+1991&author=David+Landis&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre%28pre-1997+Fulltext)%29&desc=`BATHGATE'%60BATHGATE%27+WAIT&pqatl=google|title='Bathgate' Wait|last=Landis|first=David|worknewspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=May 13, 1991|accessdateaccess-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref>|quote=R.E.M.'s andOut sheof wonTime thehas [[Grammyknocked AwardMariah forCarey Bestoff Newthe Artist|Besttop Newof Artist]],the andBillboard [[Grammyalbum Awardchart forafter Best11 Female Pop Vocal Performanceweeks.|Bestarchive-date=July Female24, Pop Vocal Performance]] awards for her single "[[Vision of Love]]".<ref>{{cite news2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724230951/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestarUSAToday/access/46162896156149786.html?dids=56149786%3A56149786&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT%3AFT&type=current&date=FebMay+2113%2C+1991&author=APDavid+Landis&pub=TorontoUSA+StarTODAY+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Major%60BATHGATE%27+Grammy+winnersWAIT&pqatl=google|titleurl-status=Majordead}}</ref> GrammyThe album's singles "Vision Winners|last=Bartha|first=Agatha|work=of Love", "[[TorontoLove Takes StarTime]]|publisher=", "[[Torstar]]|date=FebruarySomeday 12,(Mariah 1991Carey song)|accessdate=August 18Someday]]", 2011}}</ref>and The"[[I albumDon't yieldedWanna anCry]]" additionalall three number one singles ontopped the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]],.<ref followingname="Hot the100">{{cite fourmagazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-week numbercarey/chart-onehistory/hot-100|title=Mariah runCarey ofAlbum "Vision& ofSong Love".Chart CareyHistory|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September became14, the2010|archive-date=November first21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121091052/https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/hot-100/|url-status=live}}</ref> since''Mariah [[TheCarey'' Jacksonwas 5]]the tobest-selling havealbum theirin firstthe fourUnited singlesStates reachin number one.1991,<ref name="yjtgw">{{cite news|url=httphttps://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribunewashingtonpost/access/2448282273919427.html?dids=2448282273919427:2448282273919427&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=DecJan+2701%2C+19911992&author=JanRichard+DeKnock.Harrington&pub=ChicagoThe+TribuneWashington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Year1991%27s+endsChart-Toppers%3A+wellGarth%2C+forMariah+country%27s+hottest26+starsCC&pqatl=google|title=Year1991's EndsChart-Toppers: WellGarth, forMariah Countries Hottest& StarsCC|last=Harrington|first=JanRichard|worknewspaper=[[ChicagoThe TribuneWashington Post]]|date=DecemberJanuary 271, 19911992|accessdateaccess-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''Mariah Carey'' finished as the best|archive-selling album in thedate=July United States in 199124,<ref>{{cite news2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724233654/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73919427.html?dids=73919427:73919427&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+01%2C+1992&author=Richard+Harrington&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=1991%27s+Chart-Toppers%3A+Garth%2C+Mariah+%26+CC&pqatl=google|title=1991's Charturl-Toppers: Garth, Mariah & CC|laststatus=Harrington|first=Richard|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 1, 1992|accessdate=August 19, 2011dead}}</ref> whileand totalingachieved worldwide sales of over 15 million copies.<ref name="bet">{{cite web|url=httphttps://www.bet.com/newsarticle/celebritiesgywvi0/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.htmlmariah-celebrates-twenty-years|title=Mariah Celebrates Twenty Years|last=Cane|first=Clay|publisher=[[Black Entertainment TelevisionBET]]|date=June 12, 2010|accessdateaccess-date=August 15, 2010|archive-date=July 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716065832/http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== 1991–1992: ''Emotions'' and ''MTV Unplugged'' ===
Carey began recording her second studio album, eventually titled ''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]'', in 1991.<ref name="nick21">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=50–51}}</ref><ref name="nick22">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=52}}</ref> The album, as Carey described it, paid homage to [[Motown]] [[soul music]], as she felt the need to pay tribute to the type of music and genre that truly influenced her as a struggling child.<ref name="nick22"/> For the project, Carey worked with [[Walter Afanasieff]], who only had a small role on her debut, as well as [[Robert Clivillés|Clivillés]] and [[David Cole (record producer)|Cole]], from the [[dance music|dance]] group [[C+C Music Factory]].<ref name="nick23">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=53}}</ref> However, Carey's relationship with Margulies deteriorated<ref name="nick22"/> over a contract Carey had signed prior to her signing with [[Columbia Records|Columbia]], agreeing to split not only the songwriting royalties from the songs, but half of her earnings as well.<ref name="nick22"/> However, when the time came to write music for ''Emotions,'' Sony officials made it clear he would only be paid the fair amount given to co-writers on an album.<ref name="nick22"/> Subsequently, Margulies filed a lawsuit against Sony which ultimately led to their parting of ways.<ref name="nick22"/> On September 17, 1991, ''Emotions'' was released around the world, and was accepted by critics as a more mature album than its predecessor.<ref name="nick24">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=58}}</ref> While praised for Carey's improved songwriting, production and new sound, the album was criticized for its material, which many felt was noticeably weaker than her debut.<ref name="nick25">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=59}}</ref> Though the album managed sales of over eight million copies globally, ''Emotions'' failed to reach the commercial and critical heights of its predecessor.<ref name=sales>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Music/International/Arch/SR/MariahCarey/SICP-8076/index.html|title=Mariah Carey: Emotions|language=Japanese|work=[[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]|publisher=[[Sony]]|accessdate=March 19, 2011}}</ref>
Carey co-wrote, co-produced, and recorded her second studio effort, ''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]'', during 1991.<ref name="nick21">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=50–51}}</ref><ref name="nick22">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=52}}</ref> She described it as an homage to [[Motown]] [[soul music]], and employed the help of [[Walter Afanasieff]], who only had a small role on her debut, as well as [[Robert Clivillés]] and [[David Cole (record producer)|David Cole]], from the [[dance music|dance]] group [[C+C Music Factory]].<ref name="nick23">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=53}}</ref> Carey's relationship with Margulies deteriorated over a songwriting royalties dispute. After he filed a lawsuit against Columbia's parent company, [[Sony Music Entertainment]], the songwriting duo parted ways.<ref name="nick22"/> ''Emotions'' was released on September 17 that year. Its [[Emotions (Mariah Carey song)|title track]] served as the album's lead single and became Carey's fifth chart topper on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, making her the first artist whose first five singles reached the chart's summit.<ref name="people">{{Cite magazine |title=A Complete Guide to All of Mariah Carey's Number One Hits |magazine=People |url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-number-one-hits-complete-guide/ |access-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111523/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-number-one-hits-complete-guide/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Though critics praised the album's content and described it as a more mature effort, the album was criticized as calculated and lacking originality.<ref name="nick25">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=59}}</ref> While the album managed sales of eight million copies globally, ''Emotions'' failed to reach the commercial and critical heights of its predecessor.<ref name="sales">{{cite web|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Music/International/Arch/SR/MariahCarey/SICP-8076/index.html|title=Mariah Carey: Emotions|language=ja|publisher=[[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]|access-date=March 19, 2011|archive-date=October 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014224133/http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Music/International/Arch/SR/MariahCarey/SICP-8076/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
As they had done after the release of her debut, critics again questioned whether Carey would embark on a world tour in promotion for her material.<ref name="shapiro1">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=68}}</ref> Although Carey explained that due to her [[stage fright]], and the general strenuous nature of her songs, a tour sounded very daunting, speculation grew that Carey was a "studio worm", and that she wasn't capable of producing the perfect pitch and 5-[[octave]] [[vocal range]] for which she was known.<ref name=nycc/><ref name="shapiro2">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=69}}</ref> In hopes of putting any claims of her being a manufactured artist to rest, Carey and [[Walter Afanasieff]] decided to book an appearance on [[MTV Unplugged]], a television program aired by [[MTV]].<ref name="nick26">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=71}}</ref> The show's purpose was to present name artists, and feature them "unplugged" or stripped of studio equipment.<ref name="nick26"/><ref name="shapiro3">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=70}}</ref> While Carey felt strongly of her more soulful and powerful songs, it was decided that her most popular content to that point would be included.<ref name="shapiro3"/> Days prior to the show's taping, Carey and Afanasieff thought of adding a cover version of an older song, in order to provide something different and unexpected.<ref name="shapiro3"/> They chose "[[I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)|I'll Be There]]", a song made popular by [[The Jackson 5]] in 1970, rehearsing it few times before the night of the show. On March 16, 1992, Carey recorded a seven-piece set-list at [[Kaufman Astoria Studios]] in Queens, New York.<ref name="nickson27">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=72}}</ref> The [[revue]] was met with critical acclaim, leading to it being aired more than three times as often as an average episode would.<ref name="nickson28">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=77–78}}</ref> The revue's success tempted [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]] officials to use it as some form of an album.<ref name="nickson29">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=79}}</ref> Sony decided to release it as an [[Extended play|EP]], selling for a reduced price due to its shorter length.<ref name="nickson30">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=80}}</ref> The EP proved to be a success, contrary to critics and speculations that Carey was just a studio artist,<ref name="nickson30"/> and was given a triple-[[RIAA Certification|Platinum]] certification by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA),<ref name=riaa>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|title=RIAA Gold & Platinum > Mariah Carey|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=January 14, 2011}}</ref> and managed Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets.<ref name="nickson29"/>
Carey did not embark on a world tour to promote the album.<ref name="shapiro1">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=68}}</ref> Although she attributed this to [[stage fright]] and the vocally challenging nature of her material, speculation grew that Carey was a "studio worm" and incapable of producing the perfect pitch and five-[[octave]] [[vocal range]] for which she was known.<ref name="nycc">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/arts/pop-music-the-marketing-muscle-behind-mariah-carey.html|title=Pop Music; The Marketing Muscle Behind Mariah Carey|last=Goodman|first=Fred|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 14, 1991|access-date=August 14, 2011|archive-date=February 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214113621/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/arts/pop-music-the-marketing-muscle-behind-mariah-carey.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="shapiro2">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=69}}</ref> In hopes of ending any speculation of her being a manufactured artist, Carey booked an appearance on ''[[MTV Unplugged]]''. The show presented artists "unplugged" or in a stripped setting and devoid of studio equipment.<ref name="nick26">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=71}}</ref> Days prior to the show's taping, Carey and Afanasieff chose to add a cover of [[the Jackson 5]]'s 1970 song "[[I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)|I'll Be There]]" to the set-list. On March 16, 1992, she played and recorded an intimate seven-song show at [[Kaufman Astoria Studios]] in Queens, New York.<ref name="nickson27">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=72}}</ref> The acclaimed [[revue]] was aired more than three times as often as the average episode,<ref name="nickson28">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=77–78}}</ref> and critics heralding it as a "vocal Tour de force".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312805,00.html|title=Carey On|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=March 30, 2011|date=December 25, 1992|archive-date=December 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222095520/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312805,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey's live version of "I'll Be There" became her sixth number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart. Sony capitalized on its success and released it as an [[extended play]] (EP). It earned a triple-Platinum certification by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA),<ref name="riaa">{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|title=RIAA Gold & Platinum > Mariah Carey|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|access-date=January 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826033505/https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|archive-date=August 26, 2013}}</ref> and earned Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets.<ref name="nickson29">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=79}}</ref>
===1993–96: First marriage, ''Music Box'' and ''Daydream''===
{{Quote box|width=300px|align=left|quote="The writing partnership that her and I had and I can't speak for her other songwriting partners, but if you could see us in the room I would hit a chord and play a little melody on the piano and she would say, 'Oh, that's nice,' and she would sing that melody and then she adds a little bit to it. I would then play it back and then she would say, 'Yea, that's good' so it instantly becomes this partnership where eventually she'll have a melody and then the melody would prompt her to start thinking about this feeling she wants to put into words. This would eventually become the theme of the song."|source=—Afanasieff, on his songwriting partnership with Carey.<ref name=soul/>
}}
During early 1993, Carey began working on her third studio album, ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]''.<ref name="shapiro4">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=72–73}}</ref> After ''Emotions'' failed to achieve the commercial heights of her debut album, Carey and Columbia came to the agreement that the next album would contain a more pop influenced sound, in order to appeal to a wider audience.<ref name="shapiro4"/> During Carey's writing sessions, she began working mostly with Afanasieff, with whom she co-wrote and produced most of ''Music Box''.<ref name=soul>{{cite web|url=http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/|title=Mariah Carey's Music Box LP (1993) Revisited With Co-Writer Walter Afanasieff : Return To The Classics|last=Williams|first=Chris|work=Soul Culture|publisher=Soul Culture Media|date=July 3, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011}}</ref> During the album's recording, Carey and Mottola became romantically involved.<ref name="shapiro5">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=74}}</ref> They wed in a lavish ceremony on June 5, 1993, with several high-profile guests including [[Barbra Streisand]], [[Billy Joel]], [[Gloria Estefan]] and [[Ozzy Osbourne]].<ref name="shapiro6">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=75}}</ref> On August 31, ''Music Box'' was released around the world, debuting at number-one on the ''Billboard'' 200.<ref name="shapiro7">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=77}}</ref> The album was met with mixed reception from music critics; while many praised the album's pop influence and strong content, others felt that Carey made less usage of her acclaimed vocal range.<ref name="shapiro8">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=78}}</ref> Ron Wynn from [[Allmusic]] described Carey's different form of singing on the album: "It was wise for Carey to display other elements of her approach, but sometimes excessive spirit is preferable to an absence of passion."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/r186574|title=Music Box > Overview|last=Wynn|first=Ron|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]|accessdate=August 17, 2010}}</ref> The album's second single, "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]", would eventually come to be one of Carey's most popular and inspirational songs of her career.<ref name="nickson31">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=102}}</ref> The song became Carey's eighth chart topper in the United States,<ref name="nickson31"/> and began expanding Carey's popularity throughout Europe. With the release of the album's third single, Carey achieved several career milestones. Her cover of [[Badfinger]]'s "[[Without You (Badfinger song)|Without You]]" became her first number one single in Germany, Sweden,<ref name=ger>{{cite web|url=http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Carey%2CMariah/single?sort=entry|title=Chartverfolgung/Carey, Mariah/Single|language=German|publisher=musicline.de PhonoNet|accessdate=January 21, 2010}}</ref> and the United Kingdom.<ref name="without">{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|title=Mariah Carey – Without You|work=[[Ö3 Austria Top 40]]|language=German|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
=== 1993–1994: ''Music Box'' and ''Merry Christmas'' ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Mariah Carey at Fresh Air Fund Benefit Concert.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Carey performing [[All I want for Christmas is you]] at the [[Fresh Air Fund]] Benefit Concert in [[New York City]] December 8, 1994]] -->
After ''Emotions'' failed to achieve the commercial heights of her debut album, Carey's subsequent release was to be marketed as [[adult contemporary]] and pop-friendly. ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' was produced by Carey and Afanasieff, and began a songwriting partnership that would extend until 1997's ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]''.<ref name="soul">{{cite web|url=http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/|title=Mariah Carey's Music Box LP (1993) Revisited With Co-Writer Walter Afanasieff : Return to the Classics|last=Williams|first=Chris|work=Soul Culture|date=July 3, 2011|access-date=July 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710042900/http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/|archive-date=July 10, 2011}}</ref> The album was released on August 31, 1993, to mixed reviews from music critics. Carey's songwriting was derided as clichéd and her vocal performances were described as less emotive and lazier in their delivery. In his review of the album, [[AllMusic]]'s Ron Wynn concluded: "sometimes excessive spirit is preferable to an absence of passion."<ref name="F0iAt">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r186574|title=Music Box|last=Wynn|first=Ron|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=August 17, 2010|archive-date=September 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923063728/https://www.allmusic.com/album/music-box-mw0000620196|url-status=live}}</ref> In promotion of the album, Carey embarked on her debut tour, a six-date concert series, the [[Music Box Tour]].<ref name="shapiro9">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=81}}</ref> ''Music Box''{{'}}s first and second singles, "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" and "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]", became Carey's seventh and eighth chart-toppers in the United States, while [[Without You (Mariah Carey recording)|her cover]] of [[Badfinger]]'s "[[Without You (Badfinger song)|Without You]]" was a commercial breakthrough in Europe, becoming her first number-one single in Germany,<ref name="ger">{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-2772|title=Mariah Carey –'Without You'|language=de|publisher=Offizielle Deutsche Charts|access-date=December 5, 2018|archive-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615110659/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-2772|url-status=live}}</ref> Sweden<ref name="swe">{{cite web|url=https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|title=Mariah Carey – "Without You" (song)|publisher=Swedishcharts.com|access-date=December 5, 2018|archive-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102220/https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|url-status=live}}</ref> and the United Kingdom.<ref name="without">{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|title=Mariah Carey – Without You|publisher=[[Ö3 Austria Top 40]]|language=de|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813045152/http://www.austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Music Box'' remains Carey's best-seller and one of the [[best-selling albums]], with worldwide sales of over 28 million copies.<ref name="bettwenty">{{cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/article/gywvi0/mariah-celebrates-twenty-years|title=Mariah Celebrates 20 Years|publisher=[[BET]]|access-date=August 15, 2010|archive-date=July 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716065832/http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
''Music Box'' spent prolonged periods at number one on the album charts of several countries,<ref name="nickson32">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=112}}</ref> and eventually became one of the [[List of best-selling albums|best-selling albums]] of all time, with worldwide sales of over 32 million copies.<ref name=soul/> After declining to tour for her past two albums, Carey agreed to embark on a short stateside string of concerts, titled the [[Music Box Tour]].<ref name="shapiro9">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=81}}</ref> Spanning only six dates across North America,<ref name="shapiro9"/> the short but successful tour was a large step for Carey, who dreaded the hassle of touring.<ref name="shapiro10">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=82}}</ref> Following ''Music Box'', Carey took a relatively large period of time away from the public eye, and began working on an unknown project throughout 1994.<ref name="shapiro11">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=86–87}}</ref> The project was kept very secretive until ''Billboard'' announced on their October issue that Carey would release a holiday album later that year.<ref name="shapiro11"/> In late 1994, Carey recorded a duet with [[Luther Vandross]]; a cover of [[Lionel Richie]] and [[Diana Ross]]'s "[[Endless Love (song)|Endless Love]]".<ref name="nickson33">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=132}}</ref> By that point, Columbia felt Carey had already established herself as a pop singer, and vocalist, but wanted to try and feature her as more of an entertainer.<ref name="nickson34">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=133}}</ref> Through the release of ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'', Columbia hoped that audiences would buy Carey's material solely for her name and reputation, and squash fears of her being a typical pop singer.<ref name="nickson34"/> The album was released on November 1, 1994, on the same day that the album's first single, "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", was released.<ref name="nickson34"/> The album eventually became the [[best-selling Christmas/holiday albums in the United States|best-selling Christmas album]] of all time, with global sales reaching over 15 million copies.<ref name="newyorker"/><ref name="mimisales2">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3648757/Let-the-yule-duel-begin.html|title=Let the Yuel Duel Begin|last=Thompson|first=Tom|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2008|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name=national>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/sounds-of-the-season?pageCount=0|title=Sounds of the Season|last=Hancox|first=Dan|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|publisher=[[Mubadala Development Company]]|date=November 26, 2010|accessdate=December 10, 2010}}</ref> Additionally, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was critically lauded, and is considered "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon."<ref name="newyorker"/> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' described it as a "holiday standard", and ranked it fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list.<ref name=RSS>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435|title=The Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs|last=Greene|first=Andy|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|publisher=[[Jann Wenner|Wenner Media]]|accessdate=December 20, 2010}}</ref> Commercially, it became the best-selling holiday ringtone of all time,<ref name=newswire>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-is-worlds-first-double-platinum-holiday-ringtone-79488972.html|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Is World's First Double Platinum Holiday Ringtone|publisher=[[Legacy Recordings]]. [[PR Newswire]]|accessdate=November 10, 2010}}</ref> and the best-selling single by a non-Asian artist in Japan,<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xwsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=mariah+carey+japanese&hl=en&ei=IvVbTOTmBcH48AbW69zlAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20japanese&f=false|last=McClure|first=Steve|title=The World's Number-Two Music Market Is No Afterthought|work=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|date=August 5, 1995|accessdate=August 15, 2010}}</ref> selling over 2.1 million units (both ringtone and digital download).<ref name="riajCDcertification1994">{{cite web| url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/1994.html| title= RIAJ - Statistics - Other Data - List of Million-Certified Compact Discs by Year - 1994| language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref name="riajdl200812">{{cite web| url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w090120_3.html|title=RIAJ - Statistics - Certification of Music Download - December 2008| language=Japanese|publisher=Recording Industry Association of Japan|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> By the end of the holiday season of 1994, Carey and Afanasieff had already begun writing material for her next studio album, which would be released in the fall of the following year.<ref name="nickson35">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=136–137}}</ref>
In mid-1994, Carey and [[Luther Vandross]] recorded and released a cover of [[Lionel Richie]] and [[Diana Ross]]'s "[[Endless Love (song)|Endless Love]]".<ref name="shapiro11">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=86–87}}</ref> ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'', released on November 1, 1994, became the [[List of best-selling Christmas/holiday albums in the United States|best-selling Christmas album]], with global sales of over 15 million copies.<ref name="newyorker">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|title=Mariah Carey's Record-Breaking Career|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|date=April 6, 2006|access-date=November 10, 2011|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|archive-date=October 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013180454/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mimisales2">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3648757/Let-the-yule-duel-begin.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3648757/Let-the-yule-duel-begin.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Let the Yuel Duel Begin|last=Thompson|first=Tom|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2008|access-date=May 10, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="national">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/sounds-of-the-season?pageCount=0|title=Sounds of the Season|last=Hancox|first=Dan|newspaper=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=November 26, 2010|access-date=December 10, 2010|archive-date=October 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007224410/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/sounds-of-the-season?pageCount=0|url-status=dead}}</ref> The lead single, "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", became a holiday [[Standard (music)|standard]] and continues to surge in popularity each holiday season.<ref name="RSS">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435|title=The Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs|last=Greene|first=Andy|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=December 20, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222174247/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435|archive-date=December 22, 2010}}</ref> By October 2017, it had become the [[List of best-selling singles|11th best-selling single]] in history with over 16 million copies sold worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|first=Lowenna|last=Waters|title=10 of the best Mariah Carey songs|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=December 29, 2018|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/best-mariah-carey-songs/want-christmas-you_mariah-carey/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/best-mariah-carey-songs/want-christmas-you_mariah-carey/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey One Sweet Day Madison Square 1995.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Carey performing "One Sweet Day" live alongside Boyz II Men, during a special taping at [[Madison Square Garden]].]]
Released on October 3, 1995, ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' combined the pop sensibilities of ''Music Box'' with downbeat R&B and [[hip hop music|hip hop]] influences.<ref name="shapiro12">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=91}}</ref> The album's second single, "[[One Sweet Day]]" was inspired by the death of [[David Cole (record producer)|David Cole]], as well as her sister Alison, who had contracted [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]].<ref name="shapiro14">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=89}}</ref> The song remained atop the Hot 100 for a 16 weeks, and became the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|longest running number one song in history]].<ref name="nickson36">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=145}}</ref> ''Daydream'' became her biggest-selling album in the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957957/2020-vision-mariah-marks-milestone|title='20/20': Mariah Marks Milestone|last=Trust|first=Gary|work=Billboard|date=June 2, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and became her second album to be certified [[RIAA Certification|Diamond]] by the RIAA, following ''Music Box''.<ref name=riaa/> The album again was the best-seller by an international artist in Japan, shipping over 2.2 million copies,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7g4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68&dq=mariah+carey+japanese&hl=en&ei=GvtbTIz9MsH-8Aazw4XYAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6wEwBA#|title=Carey's Ubiquitous Japanese Success|last=McClure|first=Steve|work=Billboard|date=January 27, 1996|accessdate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> and eventually reaching global sales of over 25 million units.<ref name="bet"/> Critically, the album was heralded as Carey's best to date; ''The New York Times'' named it one of 1995's best albums, and wrote, "best cuts bring R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement [...] Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward and become more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés."<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|title=The Summer Buzz: Cicadas and Mariah Carey|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html |work=The New York Times|date=August 10, 2005|accessdate=August 14, 2011|last=Sanneh|first=Kalefa}}</ref> Carey once again opted to embark on a short world tour titled [[Daydream World Tour]]. It had seven dates, three in Japan and four throughout Europe.<ref name="nickson100">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=153}}</ref> When tickets went on sale, Carey set records when all 150,000 tickets for her three shows at Japan's largest stadium, [[Tokyo Dome]], sold out in under three hours, breaking the previous record held by [[The Rolling Stones]].<ref name="nickson100"/> Due to the album's success, Carey won two awards at the [[American Music Award]]s for her solo efforts: [[American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist|Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist]] and [[American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist|Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_JFSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7DYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1353,4731300&dq=mariah+carey+american+music+awards&hl=en|title=Garth Brooks Refuses Trophy at American Music Awards|last=Speare|first=Aiden|work=[[The Post and Courier]]|date=January 30, 1996|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''Daydream'' and its singles were respectively nominated in six categories at the [[38th Grammy Awards]].<ref name="shapiro16">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=95}}</ref> Carey, along with [[Boyz II Men]], opened the event with a performance of "One Sweet Day".<ref name="shapiro17">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=96}}</ref> However, Carey did not receive any award, prompting her to comment "What can you do? I will never be disappointed again. After I sat through the whole show and didn't win once, I can handle anything."<ref name="shapiro17"/> In 1995, due to ''Daydream''{{'}}s enormous Japanese sales, ''Billboard'' declared Carey the "Overseas Artist of the Year" in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sQkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Year in Japan|last=McClure|first=Steve|work=Billboard|date=December 28, 1996|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
===1997–2000: New image and independence,1995–1996: ''ButterflyDaydream'' and ''RainbowSomeone's Ugly Daughter'' ===
[[File:Mariah Carey One Sweet Day Madison Square 1995.jpg|thumb|Carey performing "One Sweet Day" with Boyz II Men at [[Madison Square Garden]] in October 1995]]
{{Quote box|width=280px|align=right|quote="It was '97 and I was leaving my marriage [to Tommy Mottola], which encompassed my life. I was writing the song 'Butterfly' wishing that that's what he would say to me. There's a part that goes, 'I have learned that beauty/has to flourish in the light/wild horses run unbridled/or their spirit dies/you have given me the courage/to be all that I can/and I truly feel ...[sings] and I truly feel your heart will lead you back to me when you're ready to land.' At that point I really believed that I was going to go back to the marriage – I didn't think I was going to leave forever. But then the things that happened to me during that time caused me to not go back. Had it been, 'Go be yourself, you've been with me since you were a kid, let's separate for a while,' I probably would've."|source=—Carey, on her separation with Mottola which she went into detail on ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey song)|Butterfly]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Sischy|first=Ingrid|title=Mariah Carey: The Naked Truth From The World's Biggest Diva|work=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|pages=156–165|date=September 20, 2007}}</ref>
Carey's fifth studio album, ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'', found her consolidating creative control over her career, leading to tensions with Columbia. The album featured a departure from her allegiance to pop and gravitated heavily towards [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] and [[hip hop]].<ref name="shapiro12">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=91}}</ref> Critically, the album was described as Carey's best to date. ''The New York Times'' named this one of 1995's best albums and wrote it "brings R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement ... Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward and become more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés."<ref name="SummerMariah">{{cite news|title=The Summer Buzz: Cicadas and Mariah Carey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 10, 2005|access-date=August 14, 2011|last=Sanneh|first=Kalefa|archive-date=May 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510132505/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Its lead single, "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", became the first single by a female artist to debut at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100,<ref name="nickson35">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=134}}</ref> and the second song overall after [[Michael Jackson]]'s "[[You Are Not Alone]]".<ref name="iDhym">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/426225/billboard-hot-100-no-1-song-debuts/23|title=Here Are the 27 Songs That Have Debuted at No. 1 on the Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-date=November 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128090051/http://www.billboard.com/photos/426225/billboard-hot-100-no-1-song-debuts/23|url-status=live}}</ref> "[[One Sweet Day]]", a collaboration with R&B group [[Boyz II Men]], served as the second single from ''Daydream'' and remained atop the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for a record-breaking 16 consecutive weeks, becoming the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|longest-running number-one song in the history of the charts]] at the time.<ref name="nickson36">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=145}}</ref> It also opened at the top spot, becoming Carey's second track to do so.<ref name="iDhym"/> The album's third single, "[[Always Be My Baby]]", became Carey's eleventh chart-topper, tying her with Madonna and Whitney Houston for the most number-one singles among female artists at the time.<ref>{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=145}}</ref>
}}
After the release of ''Daydream'' and the success that followed, Carey began focusing on her personal life, which was a constant struggle at the time.<ref name="nickson38">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=156}}</ref> Carey's relationship with Mottola began to deteriorate, due to their growing creative differences in terms of her albums, as well as his controlling nature.<ref name="nickson38"/> With each following album, and her continual established fame and popularity, Carey began to take more initiative and control with her music, and started infusing more genres into her work.<ref name="nickson39">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=164}}</ref> During mid-1997, Carey was well underway, writing and recording material for her next album, ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997).<ref name="nickson40">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=157}}</ref> She sought to work with other producers and writers other than Afanasieff, such as [[Sean Combs]], [[Kamaal Fareed]], [[Missy Elliott]] and Jean Claude Oliver and Samuel Barnes from [[Trackmasters]].<ref name="nickson40"/> During the album's recording, Carey and Mottola separated, with Carey citing it as her way of achieving freedom, and a new lease on life.<ref name="nickson41">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=158–159}}</ref> Aside from the album's different approach, critics took notice of Carey's altered style of singing, which she described as [[Breathy voice|breathy vocals]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YzkdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MC4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,590422&dq=mariah+carey+breathy+voice&hl=en|title=Carey's 'Butterfly' Shows but Thin|last=Tainen|first=Dave|work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|publisher=[[Journal Communications]]|date=September 16, 1997|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Her new-found style of singing was met with mixed reception; some critics felt is was a sign of maturity, that she didn't feel the need to always show off her upper range,<ref name=buff>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF9A6859F16A45&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=In Brief|last=Demone|first=Larry|work=[[The Buffalo News]]|publisher=[[Berkshire Hathaway]]|date=March 7, 1997|accessdate=August 5, 2011}}</ref> while others felt it was a sign of her weakening and waning voice.<ref>{{cite web|last=Juzwiak|first=Rich|title=Mariah Carey - Butterly|work=Slant Magazine|date=April 15, 2005|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-butterfly/330|accessdate=December 20, 2010}}</ref><ref name="shapiro18">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=104}}</ref> The album's lead single, "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]", and its accompanying music video, introduced a more overtly sexual image than Carey had ever demonstrated, and furthered reports of her freedom from Mottola.<ref name="shapiro19">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=101}}</ref> Carey stated that ''Butterfly'' marked the point when she attained full creative control over her music.<ref name=fox>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,205054,00.html|title=Mariah Carey's Biography|last=Friedman|first=Roger|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=April 3, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref> However, she added, "I don't think that it's that much of a departure from what I've done in the past [...] It's not like I went psycho and thought I would be a rapper. Personally, this album is about doing whatever the hell I wanted to do."<ref name="shapiro19"/> Growing creative differences with producer Afanasieff continued, and eventually ended their working relationship, after collaborating on most of Carey's material.<ref name="shapiro20">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=102}}</ref> Reviews for ''Butterfly'' were generally positive: ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' wrote, "It's not as if Carey has totally dispensed with her old saccharine, Houston-style balladry [...] but the predominant mood of 'Butterfly' is one of coolly erotic reverie. [... Except "Outside" the album sounds] very 1997. [...] Carey has spread her wings and she's ready to fly."<ref>{{cite web|last=Hoskyns|first=Barney|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/butterfly-19971030|title=Mariah Carey - Butterfly|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Wenner Media|date=December 12, 1997|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> [[Allmusic]] editor [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] described Carey's vocals as "sultrier and more controlled than ever", and heralded ''Butterfly'' as one of her "best records and illustrates that Carey continues to improve and refine her music, which makes her a rarity among her '90s peers.'"<ref name=all>{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/r314312/review|title=((( Butterfly > Overview ))) |work=[[AllMusic]]|date=April 12, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> The album was a commercial success, although not to the degree of her previous three albums.<ref name="shapiro20"/>
''Daydream'' became Carey's biggest-selling album in the United States,<ref name="syQhG">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957957/2020-vision-mariah-marks-milestone|title='20/20': Mariah Marks Milestone|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=June 2, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192600/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957957/2020-vision-mariah-marks-milestone|url-status=live}}</ref> and her second album to be certified Diamond by the RIAA, after ''Music Box''.<ref name="riaa"/> The album continued Carey's dominance in Asian music markets and sold in excess of 2.2 million copies in Japan alone and over 20 million copies globally.<ref name="daydreamjapan">{{cite web|title=Top > Discography > Daydream|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/artist/MariahCarey/discography/SICP-30795|publisher=[[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]|access-date=December 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230231043/http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/artist/MariahCarey/discography/SICP-30795|archive-date=December 30, 2018|language=ja|date=June 24, 2015|quote=Over 25 million copies worldwide have been sold so far, and 2.2 million copies have been sold in Japan.}}</ref><ref name="DaydreamLyrics">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2015/10/01/lyrics-mariah-carey-daydream/|title=How well do you know the lyrics to Mariah Carey's 'Daydream'?|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|last=Wright|first=Matthew|access-date=May 23, 2017|date=October 1, 2015|archive-date=August 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808075043/http://ew.com/article/2015/10/01/lyrics-mariah-carey-daydream/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Daydream'' and its singles were nominated in six categories at the [[38th Grammy Awards]].<ref name="shapiro16">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=95}}</ref> Though considered a favorite to win the top awards of the evening, Carey was shut out, prompting her to comment "What can you do? I will never be disappointed again."<ref name="shapiro17">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=96}}</ref> In early 1996, she embarked on her first international string of concerts, the [[Daydream World Tour]]. Its seven dates spanned three in Japan and four throughout Europe.<ref name="nickson100">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=153}}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' named Carey the [[Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians#Female|top-earning female musician of 1996]], collecting an estimated $32 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gerhart |first=Ann |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/09/09/yoga-teacher-makes-peace-in-cleveland-park/62b3c7f2-2c00-400c-9123-3c59377d7475/ |title=Yoga Teacher Makes Peace In Cleveland Park |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 1996 |access-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730025641/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/09/09/yoga-teacher-makes-peace-in-cleveland-park/62b3c7f2-2c00-400c-9123-3c59377d7475/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Opening of Good Will Hunting.jpg|thumb|right|Carey at the opening of [[Good Will Hunting]] promoting her Butterfly album, July 12, 1997]] -->
Toward the turn of the millennium, Carey began developing other projects, many of which she wasn't able to during her marriage.<ref name="shapiro21">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=114}}</ref> On April 14, 1998, Carey partook in the [[VH1 Divas]] [[benefit concert]], where she sang alongside [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Celine Dion]], [[Shania Twain]], [[Gloria Estefan]] and [[Carole King]].<ref name=divas>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/28692993.html?dids=28692993:28692993&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+16%2C+1998&author=Bruce+Haring&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=VH1+display+of+'Divas'+makes+all+feel+'Natural'&pqatl=google|title=VH! Display of Divas Makes Me Feel 'Natural'|last=Haring|first=Bruce|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannet Company|date=April 16, 1998|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Carey had begun developing a film project ''All That Glitters'', later re-titled to simply ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'',<ref name=boston>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/80313960.html?dids=80313960:80313960&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+11%2C+2001&author=SARAH+RODMAN&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Music%3B+All+that+litters+`Glitter'%3B+Carey+displays+newfound+maturity+-+when+you+can+hear+her+among+the+guest+stars&pqatl=google|title=All That Litters, 'Glitter'|last=Rodman|first=Sarah|work=[[Boston Herald]]|publisher=Herald Media Inc.|date=September 11, 2001|accessdate=February 5, 2011}}</ref> and intended her songwriting to other projects, such as ''[[Men in Black (film)|Men in Black]]'' (1997) and ''[[How the Grinch Stole Christmas (film)|How the Grinch Stole Christmas]]'' (2000).<ref name="shapiro21"/> After ''Glitter'' fell into [[development hell|developmental hell]], Carey postponed the project, and began writing material for a new album.<ref name="shapiro21"/> The executives at [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music]], the parent company of Carey's label Columbia, wanted her to prepare a greatest hits collection in time for the commercially favorable holiday season.<ref name="shapiro22">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=115}}</ref> However, they disagreed as to what content and singles should constitute the album.<ref name="shapiro23">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=116}}</ref> Sony wanted to release an album that featured her number one singles in the United States, and her international chart toppers on the European versions, void of any new material, while Carey felt that a compilation album should reflect on her most personal songs, not just her most commercial.<ref name="shapiro23"/> She felt that not including any new material would result in cheating her fans, therefore including four new songs that she had recorded.<ref name="shapiro23"/> While compromised, Carey often expressed distaste towards the album's song selection, expressing her disappointment in the omission of her "favorite songs".<ref name=vinsky>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jisEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=Everybody+swung+it+like+I+didn't+want+to+put+something+out+because+I+wouldn't+accept+less+than+a+number+1+pop+single.+That's+not+even+true.+Like+I+didn't+want+to+'break+a+streak'&source=bl&ots=MLJyxyQfpM&sig=pQyEle8DiX5QDTlw1SE1g4GjpxY&hl=en&ei=LbqiTLO2NYGB8gaRqJzZCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Everybody%20swung%20it%20like%20I%20didn't%20want%20to%20put%20something%20out%20because%20I%20wouldn't%20accept%20less%20than%20a%20number%201%20pop%20single.%20That's%20not%20even%20true.%20Like%20I%20didn't%20want%20to%20'break%20a%20streak'&f=false|title=Higher and Higher|last=Willis|first=Andrew|work=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|publisher=[[InterMedia Partners]]|date=November 18, 1998|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The album titled, ''[[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|#1's]]'' (1998), featured a duet with [[Whitney Houston]], "[[When You Believe]]", and was included on the soundtrack for ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="shapiro23"/> During the development of ''All That Glitters'', Carey had been introduced to [[DreamWorks]] producer [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]], who asked her if she would record the song "When You Believe" for the soundtrack to the animated film ''The Prince of Egypt''.<ref name=mtvbelieve>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426947/19980831/carey_mariah.jhtml|title=Mariah Talks About Whitney Duet, Takes Stage With Jermaine Dupri And Da Brat|publisher=MTV|=|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|date=August 31, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2010}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]'', Houston described working with Carey, as well as their growing friendship: "Mariah and I got along very great. We had never talked and never sang together before. We just had a chance for camaraderie, singer-to-singer, artist-to-artist, that kind of thing. We just laughed and talked and laughed and talked and sang in between that ... It's good to know that two ladies of soul and music can still be friends."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=GcQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=Mariah+and+I+got+along+very+great.+We+had+never+talked+and+never+sang+together+before.+We+just+had+a+chance+for+camaraderie,+singer-to-singer,+artist-to-artist,+that+kind+of+thing.+We+just+laughed+and+talked+and+laughed+and+talked+and+sang+in+between+that+...+It's+good+to+know+that+two+ladies+of+soul+can+still+be+friends.%22&hl=ko&ei=NIZNTsfZJ8acgQeLvczyBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mariah%20and%20I%20got%20along%20very%20great.%20We%20had%20never%20talked%20and%20never%20sang%20together%20before.%20We%20just%20had%20a%20chance%20for%20camaraderie%2C%20singer-to-singer%2C%20artist-to-artist%2C%20that%20kind%20of%20thing.%20We%20just%20laughed%20and%20talked%20and%20laughed%20and%20talked%20and%20sang%20in%20between%20that%20...%20It's%20good%20to%20know%20that%20two%20ladies%20of%20soul%20can%20still%20be%20friends.%22&f=false|title=Mariah and Whitney Team Up!|last=Doughrey|first=James|work=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]|publisher=[[Johnson Publishing Company]]|date=December 14, 1998|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''#1's'' became a phenomenon in Japan, selling over one million copies in its opening week, and placing as the only international artist to accomplish this feat.<ref name=japansales/> When describing Carey's popularity in Japan throughout the 1990s, author Chris Nickson compared it to [[Beatlemania]] in the 1960s.<ref name="nickson100"/> The album sold over 3.25 million copies in Japan after only the first three months, and holds the record as the [[List of best-selling albums in Japan|best-selling album]] by a non-Asian artist,<ref name=japansales>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=yg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=bodyguard+top+foreign+album&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=MAGAZINES&cd=5#v=onepage&q=bodyguard%20top%20foreign%20album&f=false|last=McClure|first=Steve|title=International News|work=Billboard|date=January 23, 1999|accessdate=October 3, 2010}}</ref> while amassing global sales of over 17 million copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.store.livenation.com/Product.aspx?cp=13281_25619_25593_25883_29557&pc=MUDD548|title=Live Nation – Mariah Carey: #1's|work=[[Live Nation]]|publisher=[[Live Nation Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 24, 2010}}</ref>
During the recording of ''Daydream'', Carey also worked on the alternative rock album ''[[Someone's Ugly Daughter]]'' by the band Chick, contributing writing, production, vocals and art direction. As Columbia Records refused to release the album with her lead vocals, Carey's friend Clarissa Dane was brought in to become the face of Chick, and her vocals were layered on top of Carey's, masking her voice.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Story Behind Mariah Carey's Secret '90s Alt-Rock Album|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/the-story-behind-mariah-careys-secret-90s-alt-rock-album/|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=July 11, 2021|date=May 21, 2021|quote=Behind-the-scenes collaborators detail the making of the icon's liberating side project, Chick's Someone's Ugly Daughter.|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711141418/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/the-story-behind-mariah-careys-secret-90s-alt-rock-album/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her contributions were secret until the release of her 2020 memoir ''[[The Meaning of Mariah Carey]]''.<ref name="Minsker-2020">{{Cite web|last=Minsker|first=Evan|title=Mariah Carey Reveals Secret Work on 1995 Alternative Rock Album|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-reveals-secret-appearance-on-1995-alternative-rock-album/|date=September 27, 2020|access-date=September 29, 2020|website=Pitchfork|archive-date=September 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928190041/https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-reveals-secret-appearance-on-1995-alternative-rock-album/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey12 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Carey at Edwards Air Force Base during the making of the "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)|I Still Believe]]"]]
During the spring of 1999, Carey began working on the final album of her record contract with Sony, her ex-husband's label.<ref name="shapiro25">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=121}}</ref> During this time, Carey's strained relationship with Sony affected her work with writing partner Afanasieff, who had worked extensively with Carey throughout the first half of her career.<ref name="shapiro25"/> She felt Mottola was trying to separate her from Afanasieff, in hopes of keeping their relationship permanently strained.<ref name="shapiro26">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=122}}</ref> Due to the pressure and the awkward relationship Carey had now developed with Sony, she completed the album in a period of three months in the summer of 1999, quicker than any of her other albums.<ref name="shapiro6"/> The album, titled ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'' (1999), found Carey once again working with a new array of music producers and songwriters, such as [[Jay-Z]] and [[DJ Clue?]].<ref name="shapiro27">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=123}}</ref> Carey also wrote two ballads with [[David Foster]] and [[Diane Warren]], whom she seemingly used to replace Afanasieff.<ref name="shapiro27"/> ''Rainbow'' was released on November 2, 1999, to the highest first week sales of her career at the time, however debuting at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200.<ref name="shapiro30">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=133}}</ref> Throughout early-2000, Carey's troubled relationship with Columbia grew, as they halted promotion after the album's first two singles.<ref name="shapiro30"/> They felt ''Rainbow'' didn't have any strong single to be released, whereas Carey wanted a ballad regarding personal and inner strength released.<ref name="shapiro30"/> The difference in opinion led to a very public feud, as Carey began posting messages on her webpage in early and mid-2000, telling fans inside information on the dispute, as well as instructing them to request "[[Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)]]" on radio stations.<ref name="shapiro28">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=134}}</ref> One of the messages Carey left on her page read: "Basically, a lot of you know the political situation in my professional career is not positive. It's been really, really hard. I don't even know if this message is going to get to you because I don't know if they want you to hear this. I'm getting a lot of negative feedback from certain corporate people. But I am not willing to give up."<ref name="shapiro29">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=135}}</ref> Fearing to lose their label's highest seller, Sony chose to release the song.<ref name="shapiro29"/> Carey, initially content with the agreement, soon found out that the song had only been given a very limited and low-promotion release, which made charting extremely difficult and unlikely.<ref name="shapiro29"/> Critical reception of ''Rainbow'' was generally enthusiastic, with the ''[[Sunday Herald]]'' saying that the album "sees her impressively tottering between soul ballads and collaborations with R&B heavyweights like [[Snoop Dogg|Snoop Doggy Dogg]] and [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]] [...] It's a polished collection of pop-soul."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/70150818.html?dids=70150818:70150818&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+07%2C+1999&author=Graeme+Virtue&pub=Sunday+Herald&desc=Rainbow+Mariah+Carey+(Columbia)+HHH&pqatl=google|title=Rainbow: Mariah Carey (Columbia)|last=Graeme|first=Virtue|work=[[Sunday Herald]]|publisher=[[Newsquest]]|date=November 7, 1999|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''Vibe'' magazine expressed similar sentiments, writing, "She pulls out all stops [...] ''Rainbow'' will garner even more adoration".<ref name=vibe>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YCgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA260-IA6&dq=mariah+carey+rainbow&hl=en&ei=qyduTabsD8G4tgfdvezwDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20rainbow&f=false|title=Mariah Carey 'Rainbow'|last=Linden|first=Amy|work=Vibe|publisher=InterMedia Partners|date=December 12, 1999|accessdate=March 6, 2011}}</ref> Though a commercial success, ''Rainbow'' became Carey's lowest selling album to that point in her career.<ref name=fox/>
=== 1997–2000: New image with ''Butterfly'' and ''Rainbow'' ===
===2001–04: ''Glitter'', ''Charmbracelet''; personal and professional struggles===
Carey's subsequent musical releases followed the trend that began with ''Daydream''. Her music began relying less on pop and adult contemporary-tinged balladry and instead incorporating heavy elements of hip-hop and R&B. On ''Butterfly'', she collaborated with a bevy of producers other than Afanasieff, such as [[Sean Combs]], [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]], [[Missy Elliott]] and Jean Claude Oliver and Samuel Barnes from [[Trackmasters]].<ref name="nickson40">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=157}}</ref> ''Butterfly'' was released on September 10, 1997,<ref name="1997-09-10">{{cite web|url=https://www.sonymusic.co.jp/artist/MariahCarey/discography/SRCS-8500|title=バタフライ|trans-title=Butterfly|language=ja|publisher=[[Sony Music Japan]]|access-date=October 1, 2022|archive-date=October 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001234356/https://www.sonymusic.co.jp/artist/MariahCarey/discography/SRCS-8500|url-status=live}}</ref> and introduced a more subdued style of singing, with critics noting Carey's incorporation of [[Breathy voice|breathy vocals]].<ref name="L2U7u">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YzkdAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,590422&dq=mariah+carey+breathy+voice&hl=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721104927/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YzkdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MC4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,590422&dq=mariah+carey+breathy+voice&hl=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 21, 2012|title=Carey's 'Butterfly' Shows but Thin|last=Tainen|first=Dave|newspaper=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|date=September 16, 1997|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Some viewed her lack of propensity to use her upper range as a sign of maturity,<ref name="buff">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF9A6859F16A45&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=In Brief|last=Demone|first=Larry|newspaper=[[The Buffalo News]]|date=March 7, 1997|access-date=August 5, 2011|archive-date=May 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510041425/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF9A6859F16A45&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> while others questioned whether it forebode waning vocal prowess.<ref name="Iox35">{{cite magazine|last=Juzwiak|first=Rich|title=Mariah Carey – Butterfly|magazine=Slant Magazine|date=April 15, 2005|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-butterfly/330|access-date=December 20, 2010|archive-date=February 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203182919/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-butterfly/330|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="shapiro18">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=104}}</ref> The music video for the album's lead single, "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]", her first since separating from Mottola, introduced a more overtly sexual image.<ref name="shapiro19">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=101}}</ref> ''Butterfly'' became Carey's best-reviewed album, with attention placed on the album's exploration of more mature lyrical themes. In their review of the album, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' wrote it was "not as if Carey has totally dispensed with her old saccharine, Houston-style balladry ... but the predominant mood of ''Butterfly'' is one of coolly erotic reverie."<ref name="UjjXX">{{cite magazine|last=Hoskyns|first=Barney|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/butterfly-19971030|title=Mariah Carey – Butterfly|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=December 12, 1997|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827203908/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/butterfly-19971030|url-status=dead}}</ref> AllMusic editor [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] described Carey's vocals as "sultrier and more controlled than ever," and felt the album "illustrates that Carey continues to improve and refine her music, which makes her a rarity among her '90s peers.'"<ref name="all">{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r314312/review|title=Butterfly|publisher=AllMusic|date=April 12, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115113609/https://www.allmusic.com/album/butterfly-mw0000594785|url-status=live}}</ref> "Honey" and "[[My All]]", the album's fifth single, both topped the Hot 100, making Carey a female artist with the most number-one singles in the chart's history. Though a commercial success, ''Butterfly'' failed to reach the commercial heights of her previous albums, ''Music Box'' and ''Daydream''.<ref name="shapiro20">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=102}}</ref>
[[File:Mcla re03.jpg|thumb|upright|Carey, pictured with former [[Island Records]] head [[L.A. Reid]] in 2005, signed a recording contract with Island following her separation from Virgin.]]
After concluding her [[Butterfly World Tour]], Carey participated in the [[VH1 Divas]] [[benefit concert]] on April 14, 1998, where she sang alongside [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Celine Dion]], [[Shania Twain]], [[Gloria Estefan]], and [[Carole King]].<ref name="divas">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/28692993.html?dids=28692993%3A28692993&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Apr+16%2C+1998&author=Bruce+Haring&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=VH1+display+of+%27Divas%27+makes+all+feel+%27Natural%27&pqatl=google|title=VH! Display of Divas Makes Me Feel 'Natural'|last=Haring|first=Bruce|newspaper=USA Today|date=April 16, 1998|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725032117/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/28692993.html?dids=28692993%3A28692993&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Apr+16%2C+1998&author=Bruce+Haring&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=VH1+display+of+%27Divas%27+makes+all+feel+%27Natural%27&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey began conceptualizing a film project ''All That Glitters'', later re-titled to simply ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001),<ref name="boston">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/80313960.html?dids=80313960%3A80313960&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Sep+11%2C+2001&author=SARAH+RODMAN&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Music%3B+All+that+litters+%60Glitter%27%3B+Carey+displays+newfound+maturity+-+when+you+can+hear+her+among+the+guest+stars&pqatl=google|title=All That Litters, 'Glitter'|last=Rodman|first=Sarah|newspaper=[[Boston Herald]]|date=September 11, 2001|access-date=February 5, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725010353/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/80313960.html?dids=80313960%3A80313960&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Sep+11%2C+2001&author=SARAH+RODMAN&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Music%3B+All+that+litters+%60Glitter%27%3B+Carey+displays+newfound+maturity+-+when+you+can+hear+her+among+the+guest+stars&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> and wrote songs for other projects, such as ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]'' (1997) and ''[[Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)|How the Grinch Stole Christmas]]'' (2000). After ''Glitter'' fell into [[developmental hell]], Carey postponed the project, and began writing material for a new album.<ref name="shapiro21">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=114}}</ref> [[Sony Music]] executives insisted she prepare a greatest hits collection in time for the holiday season.<ref name="shapiro22">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=115}}</ref> The album, titled ''[[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|#1's]]'' (1998), featured a cover of Brenda K. Starr's "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)|I Still Believe]]" and a duet with Whitney Houston, "[[When You Believe]]", which was included on the soundtrack for ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="shapiro23">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=116}}</ref> ''#1's'' became a phenomenon in Japan, selling over one million copies in its opening week, making Carey the only international artist to accomplish this feat. It sold over 3.25 million copies in Japan in its first three months, and holds the record as the [[List of best-selling albums in Japan|best-selling album]] by a non-Asian artist.<ref name="japansales">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49|last=McClure|first=Steve|title=International News|magazine=Billboard|date=January 23, 1999|access-date=October 3, 2010}}</ref>
After she received [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'''s Artist of the Decade Award]] and the World Music Award for Best-Selling Female Artist of the Millennium,<ref name="bestselling">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20001015144058/www.montecarloresort.com/awards/00/w00res00.htm|title=Winners of the World Music Awards|work=[[World Music Awards]]|publisher=[[Société des bains de mer de Monaco]]|accessdate=August 18, 2010}}</ref> Carey parted from Columbia and signed a $100 million five-album recording contract with [[Virgin Records]] ([[EMI Records]]).<ref name=emi>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1777172.stm|title=EMI Drops Mariah Carey|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=January 31, 2002|accessdate=February 3, 2011}}</ref> Carey was given full conceptual and creative control over the project.<ref name=emi /> She opted to record an album partly mixed with 1980s influenced disco and other similar genres, in order to go hand-in-hand with the film's setting.<ref>{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=http://allmusic.com/album/glitter-r544381|title=((( Glitter > Overview ))) |work=AllMusic|accessdate=February 21, 2011}}</ref> She often stated that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Just a few months later, in July 2001, it was widely reported that Carey had suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She had left messages on her website that complained of being overworked,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,30577,00.html|title=Mariah Melts Down; Madonna Disappoints|last=Friedman|first=Roger|work=Fox News Channel|date=July 26, 2001|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and her relationship with the Latin icon [[Luis Miguel]] ended.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/07/28/wcarey28.xml|title=Let Me Sort Myself Out, Singer Carey Tells Fans|last=Davies|first=Hugh|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=July 28, 2001|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In an interview the following year, she said, "I was with people who didn't really know me and I had no personal assistant. I'd do interviews all day long and get two hours of sleep a night, if that."<ref name=stand>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/dcovfri.htm|title=Mariah Carey, 'Standing Again'|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|work=USA Today|date=November 28, 2002|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Due to the pressure from the media, her heavy work schedule and the split from Miguel, Carey began posting a series of disturbing messages on her official website, and displayed erratic behavior on several live promotional outings.<ref name=nyc>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/24/us/record-label-pays-dearly-to-dismiss-mariah-carey.html|title=Record Label Pays Dearly To Dismiss Mariah Carey|last=Pareles|first=Jon|work=The New York Times|date=January 22, 2002|accessdate=February 5, 2011}}</ref> On July 19, 2001, Carey made a surprise appearance on the [[MTV]] program ''[[Total Request Live]]'' (TRL).<ref name=hospital>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445424/mariah-carey-hospitalized.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Hospitalized For 'Extreme Exhaustion'|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=March 29, 2011|date=October 13, 2005|first=Jennifer|last=Vineyard}}</ref> As the show's host [[Carson Daly]] began taping following a commercial break, Carey came out pushing an ice cream cart while wearing a large men's shirt, and began a [[striptease]], in which she shed her shirt to reveal a tight yellow and green ensemble.<ref name=hospital/> While she later revealed that Daly was aware of her presence in the building prior to her appearance, Carey's appearance on TRL garnered strong media attention.<ref name=nyc/> Only days later, Carey began posting irregular voice notes and messages on her official website: "I'm trying to understand things in life right now and so I really don't feel that I should be doing music right now. What I'd like to do is just a take a little break or at least get one night of sleep without someone popping up about a video. All I really want is [to] just be me and that's what I should have done in the first place ... I don't say this much but guess what, I don't take care of myself."<ref name=hospital/> Following the quick removal of the messages, Berger commented that Carey had been "obviously exhausted and not thinking clearly" when she posted the letters.<ref name=hospital2>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445918/mariah-carey-had-breakdown.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Had 'Breakdown,' Her Publicist Says|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=March 29, 2011|date=October 13, 2005|first=Jennifer|last=Vineyard}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey in Cannes, 2000.png|thumb|left|upright|Carey being interviewed in [[Cannes]] in 2000]]
On July 26, she was suddenly hospitalized, citing "extreme exhaustion" and a "physical and emotional breakdown".<ref name=respect>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/77238866.html?dids=77238866:77238866&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+09%2C+2001&author=Elysa+Gardner+and+Kelly+Carter&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=Mystery+shadows+Carey's+career+Pressures+linger+after+singer's+breakdown&pqatl=google|title=Mystery Shadows Carey's Career, Pressures Linger After Singer's Breakdown|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|work=USA Today|date=September 9, 2001|accessdate=June 16, 2011}}</ref> Carey was inducted at an un-disclosed hospital in Connecticut, and remained hospitalized and under doctor's care for two weeks, followed by an extended absence from the public.<ref name=respect/> Following the heavy media coverage surrounding Carey's publicized breakdown and hospitalization, [[Virgin Records]] and [[20th Century Fox]] delayed the release of both ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', as well as its soundtrack of the same name.<ref name=mtv8>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445918/mariah-carey-had-breakdown.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Had 'Breakdown,' Her Publicist Says|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=March 29, 2011|date=October 13, 2005|first=Brian|last=Hiatt}}</ref> Consequently, critics suggested that in delaying ''Glitter'', hype for the project would have largely subsided, and would possibly hurt both ticket and album sales.<ref name=daily2>{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2001-08-07/news/18353379_1_pop-diva-mariah-carey-delayed-movie|title=Delay May Dull Carey's 'Glitter'|last=Hutchinson|first=Bill|work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|publisher=[[Mortimer Zuckerman]]|date=September 11, 2001|accessdate=February 5, 2011}}</ref> When discussing the project's weak commercial reaction, Carey blamed both her frame of mind during the time of its release, its postponement, as well as the soundtrack having been released on [[September 11 attacks|September 11]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carey Blames 9/11 For 'Glitter' Flop|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias]]|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a199302/carey-blames-911-for-glitter-flop.html|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=January 26, 2010|accessdate=April 13, 2011}}</ref> Critics panned ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', as well as its accompanying soundtrack; both were unsuccessful commercially.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/03/16/sv_mariahcarey.xml|title=Mariah Carey: Come in and Smell the Perfume|last=Patterson|first=Sylvia|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=March 17, 2000|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The accompanying soundtrack album, ''[[Glitter (soundtrack)|Glitter]]'', became Carey's lowest-selling album to that point. The ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on a career that, while not always critically heralded, was at least nearly consistently successful."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF07AA04681F07C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mariah Carey's 'Glitter' is a Far Cry from Golden|last=Johnson|first=Kevin C.|work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|publisher=[[Lee Enterprises]]|date=September 16, 2001|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Following the negative cloud that was ensuing Carey's personal life at the time, as well as the project's poor reception, her $100 million five-album record deal with [[Virgin Records]] ([[EMI Records]]) was bought out for $50 million.<ref name=emi/><ref name=contract>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F115C6D597A4809&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mariah Carries On With Record Deal, Recovery|last=Zwecker|first=Bill|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|date=January 22, 2002|accessdate=June 16, 2011}}</ref> Soon after, Carey flew to [[Capri]], [[Italy]] for a period of five months, in which she began writing material for her new album, stemming from all the personal experiences she had endured throughout the past year.<ref name=nyc/> Carey later said that her time at Virgin was "a complete and total stress-fest [...] I made a total snap decision which was based on money and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4690602.stm|title=The Fall and Rise of Mariah Carey|last=Adams|first=Josh|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=February 6, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Later that year, she signed a contract with [[Island Records]], valued at more than $24 million,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/09/business/mariah-carey-and-universal-agree-to-terms-of-record-deal.html|title=Mariah Carey And Universal Agree to Terms Of Record Deal|last=Holson|first=Lisa|work=The New York Times|date=February 21, 2002|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and launched the record label [[Monarc Entertainment|MonarC]]. To add further to Carey's emotional burdens, her father, with whom she had little contact since childhood, died of [[cancer]] that year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2005/edition_06-05-2005/featured_0|title=I Didn't Feel Worthy Of Happiness|last=Dotson|first=Rader|work=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|publisher=American Media, Inc.|date=May 5, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
With only one album left to fulfill her contract with Sony, and with a burning desire to separate herself professionally from the record label her ex-husband still headed, Carey completed the album in three months in mid-1999.<ref name="shapiro6">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=75}}</ref> Titled ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'', the album found Carey exploring with producers whom she had not worked with before. ''Rainbow'' became Carey's first album to not feature a collaboration with her longtime writing partner, Walter Afanasieff. She instead chose to work with [[David Foster]] and [[Diane Warren]]. "[[Heartbreaker (Mariah Carey song)|Heartbreaker]]" and "[[Thank God I Found You]]" both topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, while [[Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now) (Mariah Carey recording)|her rendition]] of [[Phil Collins]]' "[[Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)]]" with Irish boy band [[Westlife]] became her second number-one song on the UK charts. ''Rainbow'' was released on November 2, 1999, to the highest first-week sales of her career at the time, and debuted at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200.<ref name="shapiro30">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=133}}</ref> Carey's tense relationship with Columbia grew increasingly fractious; she began posting messages on her website, sharing inside information with fans on the dispute, as well as instructing them to request "[[Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)]]" on radio stations.<ref name="shapiro28">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=134}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey 2003 tour 1.jpg|thumb|left|Carey performing "Hero" during her Charmbracelet World Tour.]]
Ultimately, the song was only given a very limited and low-promotion release.<ref name="shapiro29">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=135}}</ref> Critical reception of ''Rainbow'' was generally positive, with the general consensus finding: "what began on ''Butterfly'' as a departure ends up on ''Rainbow'' a progression – perhaps the first compelling proof of Carey's true colors as an artist."<ref name=ew>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1999/11/12/rainbow/|title=Mariah Carey – Rainbow|last=Smith|first=Danyel|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 12, 1999|access-date=March 8, 2011|archive-date=May 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521001925/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,271534,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Though a commercial success, ''Rainbow'' became Carey's lowest selling album at that point in her career.<ref name="Fox2008">{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/mariah-careys-biography|title=Mariah Carey's Biography|last=Friedman|first=Roger|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=April 3, 2008|access-date=August 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528231038/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,205054,00.html|archive-date=May 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2002, Carey was cast in the independent film, ''[[WiseGirls]]'', alongside [[Mira Sorvino]] and [[Melora Walters]], who co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant. It premiered at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], and received generally negative critical response, though Carey's portrayal of the character was praised; Roger Friedman of [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] referred to her as "a [[Thelma Ritter]] for the new millennium", and wrote, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,42928,00.html|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Mariah Makes Good in Mob Movie|work=Fox News Channel|date=January 14, 2002|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Later that year, Carey performed the American [[The Star-Spangled Banner|national anthem]] to rave reviews at the [[Super Bowl XXXVI]] at the [[Louisiana Superdome]] in New Orleans, Louisiana.<ref name=europe>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nypost/access/105343986.html?dids=105343986:105343986&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05%2C+2002&author=George+Willis&pub=New+York+Post&desc=SAFE+TO+SAY%2C+SUPER+BOWL+WAS+ONE+MAJOR+SUCCESS&pqatl=google|title=Safe To Say, Super Bowl Was One Major Success|last=Willis|first=George|work=[[New York Post]]|date=February 5, 2002|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Towards the end of 2002, Carey released her next studio album ''[[Charmbracelet]]'', which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.<ref name=stand/> Though released in the wake of ''Glitter'' and Carey's return to the music scene, sales of ''Charmbracelet'' were moderate and the quality of Carey's vocals came under criticism. Joan Anderson from ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' declared the album "the worst of her career, and revealed a voice [that is] no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/403302181.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2003&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=FOR+CAREY%2C+THE+GLORY'S+GONE+BUT+THE+GLITTER+LIVES+ON&pqatl=google|title=For Carey, the Glory's Gone but the Glitter Lives On|last=Anderman|first=Joan|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=September 10, 2003|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> while [[Allmusic]] editor [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] expressed similar sentiments and wrote, "What is a greater problem is that Mariah's voice is shot, sounding in tatters throughout the record. She can no longer coo or softly croon nor can she perform her trademark gravity-defying vocal runs."<ref>{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/charmbracelet-r617273/review|title=((( Charmbracelet > Overview ))) |work=AllMusic|date=December 3, 2002|accessdate=June 13, 2011}}</ref> In an attempt to "relaunch" her career following the poor reception to ''Glitter'', as well as her breakdown, Carey announced a world tour in April 2003.<ref name=vh1>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1472736/20030616/index.jhtml|title=Carey Maps Out 'Intimate Evening' Tour|last=Patel|first=Joseph|publisher=[[VH1]]|accessdate=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Lasting over eight months, the [[Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey]], became her most extensive tour to date, spanning sixty-nine shows around the world.<ref name=vh2>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1471917/mariah-carey-scraps-arena-tour.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Scraps Arena Tour, Opts To Get More Intimate|last=Patel|first=Joseph|publisher=VH1|accessdate=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Throughout the United States, the shows were done in smaller theaters, and something more Broadway-influenced, "It's much more intimate so you'll feel like you had an experience. You experience a night with me."<ref name=vh1/> However, while smaller productions were booked throughout the tour's stateside leg, Carey performed at stadiums in Asia and Europe, performing for a crowd of over 35,000 in Manila, 50,000 in Malaysia, and to over 70,000 people in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&s_site=mercurynews&p_multi=SJ&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1002404456D02378&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mariah's Malaysia Concert Ill-timed, Says Muslim Leader|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|publisher=[[MediaNews Group]]|date=January 16, 2004|accessdate=June 15, 2011}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it became Carey's first tour to feature shows outside of London, booking arena stops in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2932336.stm|title=Mariah Adds UK To World Tour|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=May 31, 2003|accessdate=February 3, 2011}}</ref> Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey garnered generally positive reviews from music critics and concert goers, with many complimenting the quality of Carey's live vocals, as well as the production as a whole.<ref name=asilo>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9LhjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1866,15841802&dq=mariah+carey+manila&hl=en|title=Mariah Carey Thrills Euphoric Manila Crowd|last=Asilo|first=Rito P.|work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.|date=November 23, 2003|accessdate=June 13, 2011}}</ref>
=== 2001–2004: Personal and professional setbacks, ''Glitter'' and ''Charmbracelet'' ===
===2005–07: Return to prominence with ''The Emancipation of Mimi''===
Carey received [[Billboard Decade-End#1990s|''Billboard''{{'}}s Artist of the Decade Award]] and the [[World Music Awards|World Music Award for Best-Selling Pop Female Artist of the Millennium]],<ref name="bestselling">{{cite web|url=http://www.montecarloresort.com/awards/00/w00res00.htm|title=Winners of the World Music Awards|publisher=[[Société des bains de mer de Monaco]]|access-date=August 18, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010211191148/http://www.montecarloresort.com/awards/00/w00res00.htm|archive-date=February 11, 2001}}</ref> and parted from Columbia Records. She signed an unprecedented $80 million five-album recording contract with [[Virgin Records]] ([[EMI Records]]) in April 2001.<ref name="emi">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/77060/virgin-mariah-call-it-quits|title=Virgin, Mariah Call It Quits|magazine=Billboard|date=January 23, 2002|quote=In a brief statement released today (Jan. 23), the label's EMI parent announced the multi-album contract, which would have paid the singer a reported $100 million, was amicably settled for $28 million.|access-date=December 28, 2020|archive-date=May 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511135544/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/77060/virgin-mariah-call-it-quits|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="contract"/> ''[[Glitter (soundtrack)|Glitter]]'' was a musical departure, recreating a 1980s [[post-disco]] era to accompany the film, set in 1983. Carey was given full conceptual and creative control over the project.<ref name="emi"/> She said that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Carey's three-year relationship with Latin singer [[Luis Miguel]] ended.<ref name="Luis Miguel Relationship">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1335645/Let-me-sort-myself-out-singer-Carey-tells-fans.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1335645/Let-me-sort-myself-out-singer-Carey-tells-fans.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Let Me Sort Myself Out, Singer Carey Tells Fans|last=Davies|first=Hugh|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=July 28, 2001|access-date=August 19, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Throughout 2004, Carey focused on composing material for her tenth studio album, ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005). The album found Carey working predominantly with [[Jermaine Dupri]], as well as [[Bryan-Michael Cox]], [[Manuel Seal]], [[The Neptunes]] and [[Kanye West]].<ref name=viber/> The album debuted atop the charts in several countries, and was warmly accepted by critics. Caroline Sullivan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' defined it as "cool, focused and urban [... some of] the first Mariah Carey tunes in years which I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/apr/01/popandrock.shopping2 |title=Mariah Carey, The Emancipation of Mimi|last=Sullivan|first=Caroline|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=April 1, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> while ''[[USA Today]]''{{'}}s Elysa Gardner wrote, "The ballads and midtempo numbers that truly reflect the renewed confidence of a songbird who has taken her shots and kept on flying."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2005-04-11-listen-up_x.htm |title=Mariah Rebounds, Garbage is Sweet, Will Smith Gets Lost|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|work=USA Today|date=April 13, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The album's second single, "[[We Belong Together]]", became a "career re-defining"<ref name=promo>{{cite web|url=http://business.highbeam.com/436102/article-1G1-141877770/jermaine-dupri-wins-rb-song-grammy-virgin-urban-music|title=Jermaine Dupri Wins R&B Song Grammy; Virgin Urban Music President Dupri Shares Songwriting Honors With Mariah Carey and So So Def/Virgin Artist Johnta Austin|publisher=[[Business Wire]]. [[Berkshire Hathaway]]|date=April 16, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> song for Carey, at a point when many critics had considered her career over.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/r729111|title=((( The Emancipation of Mimi > Overview ))) |work=AllMusic|date=April 12, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> music critics heralded the song as her "return to form",<ref name=slanter>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-the-emancipation-of-mimi/560 |title=Mariah Carey: The Emancipation Of Mimi|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|work=Slant Magazine|date=April 5, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> as well as the "return of The Voice",<ref name=slanter/> while many felt it would revive "faith" in Carey's potential as a [[ballad]]eer.<ref name=viber>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FCcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA139&dq=mariah+carey+say+something&hl=en&ei=5ixOTZOyJsOblgfHiOjzDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20say%20something&f=false|title=Revolutions|last=Ehrlich|first=Dimitri|work=Vibe|publisher=InterMedia Partners|date=May 5, 2005|accessdate=February 5, 2011}}</ref> "We Belong Together" broke several records in the United States and became Carey's sixteenth chart topper on the ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]'' [[Hot 100]].<ref name=records>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sBMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA75&dq=we+belong+together+review+billboard&hl=en&ei=hPgvTsroB4-2tgf6qMCjCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Billboard Hot 100|last=Pietroluongo|first=Silvio|work=Billboard|date=September 24, 2005|accessdate=September 27, 2011}}</ref> After staying at number one for fourteen non-consecutive weeks, the song became the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|second longest running number one song in US chart history]], behind Carey's 1996 collaboration with [[Boyz II Men]], "[[One Sweet Day]]".<ref name=records/> ''Billboard'' listed it as the "song of the decade" and the ninth most popular song of all time.<ref name="yahoosales">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-10.shtml|title=The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs (10-01)|work=Billboard|date=September 24, 2010|accessdate=September 27, 2011}}</ref> Besides its chart success, the song broke several airplay records, and according to Nielsen BDS, gathered both the largest one-day and one-week audiences in history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957598/ask-billboard-katy-perry-christina-aguilera-lady-gaga|last=Trust|first=Gary|title=Ask Billboard: Katy Perry, Christina Aguilera, Lady Gaga|work=Billboard|date=June 25, 2010|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey in August 2006 2.jpg|thumb|right|Carey performing "[[Vision of Love]]" during [[The Adventures of Mimi Tour]]]]
In July 2001, Carey suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She began posting disturbing messages on her website, and behaved erratically in live promotional outings.<ref name="nyc">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/24/us/record-label-pays-dearly-to-dismiss-mariah-carey.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128055201/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/24/us/record-label-pays-dearly-to-dismiss-mariah-carey.html |archive-date=January 28, 2011 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Record Label Pays Dearly To Dismiss Mariah Carey|last=Pareles|first=Jon|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 22, 2002|access-date=February 5, 2011}}</ref> On July 19, Carey made a surprise appearance on the [[MTV]] program ''[[Total Request Live]]'' (TRL). As the show's host [[Carson Daly]] began taping following a commercial break, she came out pushing an ice cream cart while wearing a large men's shirt, and began a [[striptease]] that revealed a tight ensemble. Days later, Carey posted irregular voice notes on her website.<ref name="hospital">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445424/mariah-carey-hospitalized.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Hospitalized For 'Extreme Exhaustion'|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2011|date=October 13, 2005|first=Jennifer|last=Vineyard|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213507/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445424/mariah-carey-hospitalized.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> On July 26, she was hospitalized due to exhaustion and a "physical and emotional breakdown". Carey was admitted to a hospital in Connecticut and remained under doctor's care for two weeks, followed by an extended absence from the public.<ref name="respect">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/77238866.html?dids=77238866%3A77238866&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Aug+09%2C+2001&author=Elysa+Gardner+and+Kelly+Carter&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=Mystery+shadows+Carey%27s+career+Pressures+linger+after+singer%27s+breakdown&pqatl=google|title=Mystery Shadows Carey's Career, Pressures Linger After Singer's Breakdown|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 9, 2001|access-date=June 16, 2011|archive-date=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724232939/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/77238866.html?dids=77238866%3A77238866&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Aug+09%2C+2001&author=Elysa+Gardner+and+Kelly+Carter&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=Mystery+shadows+Carey%27s+career+Pressures+linger+after+singer%27s+breakdown&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> Virgin Records and [[20th Century Fox]] delayed the release of ''Glitter'' and its soundtrack.<ref name="hospital2">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445918/mariah-carey-had-breakdown.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Had 'Breakdown,' Her Publicist Says|publisher=MTV News|access-date=March 29, 2011|date=October 13, 2005|first=Jennifer|last=Vineyard|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213637/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445918/mariah-carey-had-breakdown.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="daily2">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/delay-dull-carey-glitter-article-1.931571|title=Delay May Dull Carey's 'Glitter'|last=Hutchinson|first=Bill|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=September 11, 2001|access-date=February 5, 2011|archive-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122170157/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/delay-dull-carey-glitter-article-1.931571|url-status=live}}</ref> Critics panned ''Glitter'' and its soundtrack; both were unsuccessful commercially.<ref name="V1ZD9">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3671906/Mariah-Carey-Come-in-and-smell-the-perfume.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3671906/Mariah-Carey-Come-in-and-smell-the-perfume.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Mariah Carey: Come in and Smell the Perfume|last=Patterson|first=Sylvia|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=March 17, 2000|access-date=August 19, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The soundtrack became Carey's lowest-selling album to that point. The ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' condemned it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on [her] career."<ref name="kLewn">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF07AA04681F07C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mariah Carey's 'Glitter' is a Far Cry from Golden|last=Johnson|first=Kevin C.|newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|date=September 16, 2001|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025155511/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF07AA04681F07C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> She attributed the poor performance to her state of mind, its postponement and the soundtrack having been released on [[September 11 attacks|September 11]].<ref name="ONvmI">{{cite web|title=Carey Blames 9/11 For 'Glitter' Flop|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a199302/carey-blames-911-for-glitter-flop.html|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=January 26, 2010|access-date=April 13, 2011|archive-date=February 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201061932/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a199302/carey-blames-911-for-glitter-flop.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the week of September 25, 2005, Carey set another record, becoming the first female to occupy the first two spots atop the Hot 100, as "We Belong Together" remained at number one, and her next single, "[[Shake It Off]]" moved into the number two spot.<ref name=records/> ([[Ashanti (entertainer)|Ashanti]] had topped the chart in 2002 while being a "featured" singer on the #2 single.) On the [[Billboard Year-End|Billboard Hot 100 Year-end Chart]] of 2005, the song was declared the number one song, a career first for Carey.<ref name="US_yearend">{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2005/hsititl.jsp |title=2005 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs|work=Billboard|publisher=[[Nielsen Company|Nielsen Business Media, Inc]]|date=November 5, 2005|accessdate=July 27, 2011}}</ref> ''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The [[Billboard Hot 100 50th Anniversary Charts|Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs]] and was declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by ''Billboard''.<ref name=decade>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs |title=The Billboard Hot 100 Singles & Tracks – Decade Year End Charts |work=Billboard|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The album earned ten [[Grammy Award]] nominations in 2006–07: eight in 2006 for the original release (the most received by Carey in a single year),<ref name=usaawards>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/grammys/2005-12-08-grammy-nominations_x.htm?loc=interstitialskip|title=Carey, West, Legend Lead The Grammy pack|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|work=USA Today|date=December 8, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and two in 2007 for the ''Ultra Platinum Edition'' (from which "[[Don't Forget About Us]]" became her seventeenth #1 hit). In 2006 Carey won [[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album|Best Contemporary R&B Album]] for ''The Emancipation of Mimi'', as well as [[Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance|Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]] and [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best R&B Song]] for "We Belong Together".<ref name=usaawards/> ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' was the best-selling album in the United States in 2005, with nearly five million units sold. It was the first album by a solo female artist to become the year's best-selling album since [[Alanis Morissette]]'s ''[[Jagged Little Pill]]'' in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2005/12/29/sorry_fiddy_mar/|title=Mariah Carey Has the Year's Top-selling CD|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Susman|first=Gary|date=December 29, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> At the end of 2005, the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] reported that ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' had sold more than 7.7 million copies globally, and was the second best-selling album of the year after [[Coldplay]]'s ''[[X&Y]]''. It was the best-selling album worldwide by a solo and female artist.<ref name=world2005>{{cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/uploads/media/top50-2005.pdf|title=Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2005|publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4865716.stm|title=Coldplay Top 2005's Global Charts|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=March 31, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/03/31/musicsales-coldplay.html|title=Coldplay Tops Worldwide Sales for 2005|work=CBC News|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=March 31, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}{{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref> To date, ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.<ref name="mimisales">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3672721/Pop-CDs-of-the-week-Mariah-Carey-Pete-Molinari-and-more....html|title=Pop CDs of the week: Mariah Carey, Pete Molinari and more...|last=Thompson|first=Ben|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2008|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> At the [[48th Grammy Awards]], Carey performed a medley of "We Belong Together" and "[[Fly Like a Bird]]".<ref name=nemn/> The performance earned the night's only standing ovation, prompting [[Teri Hatcher]], who was presenting the next award, to exclaim, "It's like we've all just been saved!"<ref name=nemn>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/983834771.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+09%2C+2006&author=Ben+Rayner&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Mariah+Carey%2C+meet+U2%2C+Kelly%3B+Comeback+stalled+as+U2+takes+five+Grammys+Canadians+come+up+empty-handed+at+awards+show&pqatl=google|title=Mariah Carey, Meet U2, Kelly; Comeback Stalled as U2 Takes five Grammys Canadians Come Up Empty-handed at Awards Show|last=Rayner|first=Ben|work=[[Toronto Star]]|publisher=[[Torstar]]|date=December 9, 2005|accessdate=May 12, 2011}}</ref>
Carey's record deal with Virgin Records was bought out for $28 million.<ref name="emi"/><ref name="contract">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F115C6D597A4809&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mariah Carries on With Record Deal, Recovery|last=Zwecker|first=Bill|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|date=January 22, 2002|access-date=June 16, 2011|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224050700/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F115C6D597A4809&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> She flew to [[Capri]], Italy, for five months, and wrote material for a new album there.<ref name="nyc"/> Carey described her time at Virgin "a complete and total stress-fest ... I made a total snap decision which was based on money and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."<ref name="NTJYI">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4690602.stm|title=The Fall and Rise of Mariah Carey|last=Adams|first=Josh|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=February 6, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=May 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511051402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4690602.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She signed a contract with [[Island Records]], valued at more than $24 million,<ref name="xVDsg">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/09/business/mariah-carey-and-universal-agree-to-terms-of-record-deal.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610015420/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/09/business/mariah-carey-and-universal-agree-to-terms-of-record-deal.html |archive-date=June 10, 2009 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Mariah Carey And Universal Agree to Terms of Record Deal|last=Holson|first=Lisa|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 21, 2002|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and launched the record label [[MonarC]]. Carey's father, Alfred Roy, with whom she had had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year.<ref name="BDtis">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2005/edition_06-05-2005/featured_0|title=I Didn't Feel Worthy of Happiness|last=Dotson|first=Rader|magazine=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|date=May 5, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224100859/http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2005/edition_06-05-2005/featured_0|archive-date=December 24, 2010}}</ref> Her song "Sunflowers for Alfred Roy" from ''Charmbracelet'' is dedicated to his memory.<ref name="interviewm">{{cite magazine |last=Sischy |first=Ingrid |date=September 2007 |title=Mariah Carey: The Naked Truth from the World's Biggest Diva |magazine=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |page=162 |issn=0149-8932}}</ref> In 2002, she was cast in the independent film ''[[WiseGirls]]'' alongside [[Mira Sorvino]] and [[Melora Walters]], who co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant. It premiered at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], and received negative reviews, though Carey's performance was praised. Roger Friedman of [[Fox News]] described her as "a [[Thelma Ritter]] for the new millennium", and wrote, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs."<ref name="07m02">{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/mariah-makes-good-in-mob-movie|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Mariah Makes Good in Mob Movie|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=January 14, 2002|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314071924/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,42928,00.html|archive-date=March 14, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
In support of the album, Carey embarked on her first headlining tour in three years, named [[The Adventures of Mimi|The Adventures of Mimi: The Voice, The Hits, The Tour]] after a "Carey-centric fan's" music diary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14190642/site/todayshow/ns/today-entertainment/t/mariah-carey-takes-madonna-new-tour/|title=Mariah Carey Takes on Madonna with New Tour|last=Popkin|first=Helen|publisher=MSNBC|date=June 6, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The tour spanned forty stops, with thirty-two in the United States and Canada, two in Africa, and six in Japan.<ref name=mtvnews8>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1532213/mariah-carey-plots-mimis-touring-adventure.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Plots Mimi's Touring Adventure|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|publisher=MTV News|date=May 22, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Tickets for the tour went on sale on June 2, 2006, with prices ranging from $95 to $150 USD, and featured Carey's long-time friend [[Randy Jackson]] as the tour's musical director.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s3A0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=5ccEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4671,3521347&dq=mariah+carey+the+adventures+of+mimi&hl=en|title=Carey, Jackson Spice Up Old Hits|last=Dratler|first=David|work=[[TimesDaily]]|publisher=Tennessee Valley Printing Co., Inc.|date=May 26, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2006-06-02/entertainment/18330712_1_lobster-chefs-coney-island|title=Carey Set for August|last=Roura|first=Phil|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=December 30, 2005|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Carey's performances consisted of old songs from her catalog as well as her newest singles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PEguAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eGQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1508,4685271&dq=mariah+carey+the+adventures+of+mimi&hl=en|title=Mimi Taps 'Idol' Judge|last=Badershall|first=Jami|work=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston)|Sun Journal]]|publisher=[[Sun Media]]|date=May 25, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> The tour received warm critical reaction from music critics and concert goers, many of which celebrated the quality of Carey's live vocals, as well as the show as a whole.<ref name=outshines>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1537972/mariah-carey-tour-kickoff-all-about-voice.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Tour Kickoff: The Voice Outshines Costume Changes, Video Clips|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|publisher=MTV News|date=August 30, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/1105356491.html?dids=1105356491:1105356491&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+24%2C+2006&author=RAFER+GUZMN.+STAFF+WRITER&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=Mimi+hits+the+Garden%2C+just+like+that&pqatl=google|title=Mimi Hits the Garden, Just Like That|last=Rafer|first=Guzman|work=Newsday|publisher=Cablevision|date=September 10, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> However, critics felt the show's excesses, such as Carey's often costume changes and pre-filmed clips, were unnecessary distractions.<ref name=outshines/> The tour proved successful, with Carey playing to over 60,000 fans in the two stops in [[Tunis]] alone.<ref name=sales667>{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/15321|title='Comeback' Succeeded For Carey In Tunis|publisher=Mariahcarey.com|date=July 22, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Midway through the tour, Carey booked a two-night concert engagement in Hong Kong, which was scheduled to take place following her Japanese shows.<ref name=calledoff/> The shows were cancelled, however, after tickets went on sale. According to Carey's then-manager [[Benny Medina]], the cancellation was due to the concert promoter's refusal to pay Carey her agreed-upon compensation.<ref name=calledoff>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,225444,00.html|title=Mariah Carey's Hong Kong Concert Called Off|publisher=Fox News Channel|date=October 10, 2006}}</ref> The promoter instead blamed poor ticket sales (allegedly, only 4,000 tickets had sold) and "Carey's outrageous demands".<ref name=nytpeople>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/30/style/30iht-peeptue.3332215.html|title=People - - International Herald Tribune|last=Flaminger|first=Michael|work=The New York Times|date=October 30, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Carey ultimately sued the promoter, claiming $1 million in damages due to the concert's abrupt cancellation.<ref name=mongolians>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b53741_Mariah_Sues_Tries_to_Aid_Mongolians_.html|title=Mariah Sues, Tries to Aid Mongolians|last=Ryan|first=Joyal|publisher=E!|date=August 29, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Adventures of Mimi (video)|The Adventures of Mimi]]'' [[DVD]] was released in November 2007 internationally and December 2007 in the US.
[[File:Mariah Carey 2003 tour 1.jpg|thumb|right|Carey performing "Hero" during her Charmbracelet World Tour in September 2003]]
=== 2008–10: ''E=MC²'', second marriage, ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', and acting breakthrough ===
In December 2002, Carey released her ninth studio album, ''[[Charmbracelet]]'', which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.<ref name="stand">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/dcovfri.htm|title=Mariah Carey, 'Standing Again'|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|newspaper=USA Today|date=November 28, 2002|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016211921/http://www.usatoday.com/life/dcovfri.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Sales of ''Charmbracelet'' were moderate and the quality of Carey's vocals came under criticism. Joan Anderson from ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' declared the album "the worst of her career, and revealed a voice [that is] no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",<ref name="7HMqX">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/403302181.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2003&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=FOR+CAREY%2C+THE+GLORY%27S+GONE+BUT+THE+GLITTER+LIVES+ON&pqatl=google|title=For Carey, the Glory's Gone but the Glitter Lives On|last=Anderman|first=Joan|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=September 10, 2003|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724215412/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/403302181.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2003&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=FOR+CAREY%2C+THE+GLORY%27S+GONE+BUT+THE+GLITTER+LIVES+ON&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> while AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote, "Mariah's voice is shot, sounding in tatters throughout the record. She can no longer coo or softly croon nor can she perform her trademark gravity-defying vocal runs."<ref name="lswjd">{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/charmbracelet-r617273/review|title=Charmbracelet|publisher=AllMusic|date=December 3, 2002|access-date=June 13, 2011|archive-date=February 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211232245/http://www.allmusic.com/album/charmbracelet-r617273/review|url-status=live}}</ref> To support the album, Carey embarked on the [[Charmbracelet World Tour]], spanning North America and East Asia over three months.<ref name="vh2">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1471917/mariah-carey-scraps-arena-tour-opts-to-get-more-intimate/|title=Mariah Carey Scraps Arena Tour, Opts To Get More Intimate|last=Patel|first=Joseph|publisher=MTV News|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-date=November 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127111204/http://www.mtv.com/news/1471917/mariah-carey-scraps-arena-tour-opts-to-get-more-intimate/|url-status=dead}}</ref> While smaller venues were booked throughout the tour's stateside leg, Carey performed in stadiums in Asia and Europe.<ref name="wiauS">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&s_site=mercurynews&p_multi=SJ&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1002404456D02378&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mariah's Malaysia Concert Ill-timed, Says Muslim Leader|newspaper=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|date=January 16, 2004|access-date=June 15, 2011|archive-date=August 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818174341/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&s_site=mercurynews&p_multi=SJ&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1002404456D02378&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it was her first tour to feature shows outside London.<ref name="Rjd4H">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2932336.stm|title=Mariah Adds UK To World Tour|publisher=BBC News|date=May 31, 2003|access-date=February 3, 2011|archive-date=August 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802144702/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2932336.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> The tour garnered generally positive reviews, with many praising the production and Carey's vocals.<ref name="asilo">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9LhjAAAAIBAJ&pg=1866,15841802&dq=mariah+carey+manila&hl=en|title=Mariah Carey Thrills Euphoric Manila Crowd|last=Asilo|first=Rito P.|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=November 23, 2003|access-date=June 13, 2011|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928211237/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9LhjAAAAIBAJ&pg=1866,15841802&dq=mariah+carey+manila&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Image:Mariah Carey Touch My Body GMA 2008.jpg|right|thumb|Carey and her dancers performing "Touch My Body" on ''Good Morning America'' on April 25, 2008]]
=== 2005–2007: Resurgence with ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' ===
By spring 2007, Carey had begun to work on her eleventh studio album, ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'', in a private villa in [[Anguilla]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/cindy_adams/item_QYji9hBaJmhBk7ito9jshO;jsessionid=3036AFA318523D15C26D85EFEFAC2961|title=Yes On Dubya Apology Frost|last=Starr|first=Michael|work=[[New York Post]]|date=April 19, 2008|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref> When asked about the album title's meaning, Carey said "[[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]'s [[Mass–energy equivalence|theory]]? Physics? ''Me?'' Hello! ...Of course I'm poking fun."<ref name=title/> She characterized it as "''Emancipation of Mimi'' to the second power", and said that she was "freer" on this album than any other.<ref name=title>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/news/mariah-carey/35852|title=Mariah Reveals 'E=MC' Album Title Meaning|last=Bulgram|first=Angela|work=[[NME]]|date=April 18, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> Although ''E=MC²'' was well received by most critics,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|title=Mariah Carey: E=MC²|last=Macpherson|first=Alex|work=The Guardian|date=April 16, 2008|accessdate=August 5, 2011}}</ref> some of them criticized it for being very similar to the formula used on ''The Emancipation of Mimi''.<ref name=angels>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-mariah12apr12,1,6445816.story|title=CD: Mariah Carey's 'E=MC2'|last=Richard|first=David|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 8, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> Two weeks before the album's release, "[[Touch My Body]]", the record's lead single, reached the top position on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, becoming Carey's eighteenth number one and making her the solo artist with the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most number-one hits|most number one singles in United States history]], pushing her past [[Elvis Presley]] into second place according to the magazine's revised methodology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/23918924/ns/today-entertainment/t/mariah-carey-surpasses-elvis-no-s/|title=Elvis is Spotted - Rolling in His Grave|last=Guthrie|first=Marisa|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=April 4, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref> Carey is second only to [[The Beatles]], who have twenty number-one singles. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most cumulative weeks at number one|most weeks at number one in the ''Billboard'' chart history]]."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7327843.stm|title=Mariah Breaks Elvis Chart Record|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=April 4, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref> Carey has also had notable success on international charts, though not to the same degree as in the United States. Thus far, she has had two #1 singles in Britain, two in Australia, and six in Canada. Her highest-charting single in Japan peaked at number two.
[[File:Mariah Carey & L.A. Reid 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey, pictured with former [[Island Records]] head [[L.A. Reid]], at the release party for ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' in 2005]]
Carey's tenth studio album, ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' in 2005, was produced with [[the Neptunes]], [[Kanye West]] and Carey's longtime collaborator, [[Jermaine Dupri]]. She described the album as "very much like a party record ... the process of putting on makeup and getting ready to go out ... I wanted to make a record that was reflective of that."<ref name="viber">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA139|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101072137/https://books.google.com/books?id=FCcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA139|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 1, 2016|title=Revolutions|last=Ehrlich|first=Dimitri|magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|date=May 5, 2005|access-date=February 5, 2011}}</ref> ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' topped the charts in the United States, becoming her fifth number-one album and first since ''Butterfly'' (1997), and was warmly accepted by critics. Caroline Sullivan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' defined it as "cool, focused and urban [... some of] the first Mariah Carey tunes in years which I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again,"<ref name="C7SHn">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/apr/01/popandrock.shopping2|title=Mariah Carey, The Emancipation of Mimi|last=Sullivan|first=Caroline|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=April 1, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=March 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314080201/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/apr/01/popandrock.shopping2|url-status=live}}</ref> while ''[[USA Today]]''{{'}}s Elysa Gardner wrote, "The [songs] truly reflect the renewed confidence of a songbird who has taken her shots and kept on flying."<ref name="hTNKe">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2005-04-11-listen-up_x.htm|title=Mariah Rebounds, Garbage is Sweet, Will Smith Gets Lost|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|newspaper=USA Today|date=April 13, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=May 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524034213/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2005-04-11-listen-up_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The album's second single, "[[We Belong Together]]", became a "career re-defining"<ref name="promo">{{cite web|url=http://business.highbeam.com/436102/article-1G1-141877770/jermaine-dupri-wins-rb-song-grammy-virgin-urban-music|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103171627/http://business.highbeam.com/436102/article-1G1-141877770/jermaine-dupri-wins-rb-song-grammy-virgin-urban-music|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 3, 2013|title=Jermaine Dupri Wins R&B Song Grammy; Virgin Urban Music President Dupri Shares Songwriting Honors With Mariah Carey and So So Def/Virgin Artist Johnta Austin|publisher=[[Business Wire]]|date=April 16, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> song for Carey, after a relatively unsuccessful period and a point when many critics had considered her career over.<ref name="MimiAllMusic">{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r729111|title=The Emancipation of Mimi|publisher=AllMusic|date=April 12, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
''E=MC²'' debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 with 463,000 copies sold, the biggest opening week sales of her career.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045786/mariah-debuts-at-no-1-after-monster-first-week|title=Mariah Debuts At No. 1 After Monster First Week|last=Trust|first=Gary|work=Billboard|date=April 14, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> With six number one albums, Carey is tied with [[Britney Spears]] and [[Janet Jackson]] in the United States for the third most number one albums for a female artist, behind [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] with seven and [[Barbra Streisand]]'s nine chart toppers.<ref name=sales/> In 2008, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked her at number six on the "[[Billboard Hot 100 50th Anniversary Charts|Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists]]", making Carey the second most successful female artist in the history of the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/top100-artists-20.shtml|title=Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary |work=Billboard|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Carey and actor/comedian [[Nick Cannon]] met while they shot her music video for her second single, "[[Bye Bye (Mariah Carey song)|Bye Bye]]", on an island off the coast of [[Antigua]].<ref name=success>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,354539,00.html|title=Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon Get Wedding Tattoos|last=McKay|first=Hollie|publisher=Fox News Channel|date=April 3, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref> On April 30, 2008, Carey married Cannon at her private estate on [[Windermere Island]] in The Bahamas.<ref name=mtvvid2>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586974/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-wedding-photo-released.jhtml|title=It's Official! Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon Wedding Photo, Comments Are Released|last=Vineyard|first=Jennier|publisher=MTV News|date=April 9, 2008|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name=pounds>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1092935/Am-I-pregnant-Well--says-Mariah-Carey-revealing-interview.html|title='Am I Pregnant? We'll See...' Says Mariah Carey in Revealing Interview|last=Danner|first=Sarah|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=March 30, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref> Carey had a [[cameo appearance]] in [[Adam Sandler]]'s 2008 film ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'', playing herself.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12146FD39793DF98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Sandler Makes Another Mess With 'Zohan'|last=Demone|first=Larry|work=[[The Buffalo News]]|publisher=[[Berkshire Hathaway]]|date=March 4, 2008|accessdate=August 5, 2011}}</ref> Since the album's release, Carey had planned to embark on an extensive tour in support of ''E=MC²'', describing its production and direction in several interviews. When asked to describe the tour's theme, Carey explained "I'm thinking elaborate. I like elaborate. We only do substantial. That's what my jeweler says. I haven't gotten the looks in mind just yet, but we're going to figure it out soon enough."<ref name=mtvvid2>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1591425/mariah-carey-planning-elaborate-tour.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Plans 'Elaborate' Tour; Hopes For End To VMA Losing Streak, Rocky-Marriage Rumors|last=Vineyard|first=Jennier|publisher=[[MTV News]]|date=April 9, 2008|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref> Despite continued plans for a tour, and announcements made on ''[[The X Factor (UK TV series)|The X Factor]]'' in the United Kingdom in November, the tour was suddenly cancelled in early December 2008.<ref name=preg>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_mariah-carey-is-definitely-pregnant_1217181|title=Mariah Carey is Definitely Pregnant|last=Wales|first=Jason|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation|date=December 28, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> Heavy speculation suggested that Carey had become pregnant, and had abandoned plans for a tour as a result.<ref name=preg2>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a138171/carey-sparks-pregnancy-rumors.html|title=Carey Sparks Pregnancy Rumors|last=Martin|first=Lara|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias]]|date=March 31, 2008|accessdate=August 5, 2011}}</ref> Many reports were made claiming that Carey had been visiting a famed [[gynecologist]]'s office in Los Angeles.<ref name=preg/> Additionally, Carey's newly slimmed figure began to change, as she stopped her exercise routines and gained weight.<ref name=preg/> Carey did not address those allegations until two years later on October 28, 2010, which was the same day she announced her new pregnancy;<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651022/mariah-carey-recalls-difficult-miscarriage-before-pregnancy.jhtml |title=Mariah Carey Recalls 'Difficult' Miscarriage Before Pregnancy - Music, Celebrity, Artist News |publisher=MTV |date=October 28, 2010 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/mariah-carey-finally-confirms-pregnancy-20102810 |title=Mariah Carey Finally Confirms Pregnancy |work=Us Weekly |date=October 28, 2010 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> she admitted that she had indeed been pregnant during that time period, and suffered a miscarriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/952446/mariah-carey-confirms-im-pregnant|title=Mariah Carey Confirms: I'm Pregnant|last=Herrera|first=Monica|work=[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]|date=November 28, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> For that reason, she cancelled the tour, and lost the child only two months later.<ref name="derschowitz1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20021007-10391698.html|title=Mariah Carey: I'm Pregnant|last=Derschowitz|first=Jessica|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=November 24, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref>
Music critics heralded the song as her "return to form," as well as the "return of The Voice,"<ref name="slanter">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-the-emancipation-of-mimi/560|title=Mariah Carey: The Emancipation Of Mimi|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|magazine=Slant Magazine|date=April 5, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027201414/http://slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-the-emancipation-of-mimi/560|url-status=live}}</ref> while many felt it would revive "faith" in Carey's potential as a [[ballad]]eer.<ref name="viber"/> "We Belong Together" broke several records in the United States and became Carey's sixteenth chart topper on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. After staying at number one for fourteen non-consecutive weeks, the song became the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|second-longest-running number one song in US chart history]], behind Carey's "One Sweet Day".<ref name="records">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA75|title=The Billboard Hot 100|last=Pietroluongo|first=Silvio|magazine=Billboard|date=September 24, 2005|access-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> ''Billboard'' listed it as the "song of the decade" and the ninth most popular song of all time.<ref name="2010sales">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-10.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925233024/http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-10.shtml|archive-date=September 25, 2011|title=The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs (10-01)|magazine=Billboard|date=September 24, 2010|access-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> The song broke several airplay records, and according to Nielsen BDS, and gathered both the largest one-day and one-week audiences in history.<ref name="QmzjW">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957598/ask-billboard-katy-perry-christina-aguilera-lady-gaga|last=Trust|first=Gary|title=Ask Billboard: Katy Perry, Christina Aguilera, Lady Gaga|magazine=Billboard|date=June 25, 2010|access-date=August 18, 2011|archive-date=September 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925124902/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957598/ask-billboard-katy-perry-christina-aguilera-lady-gaga|url-status=live}}</ref>
On January 20, 2009, Carey performed "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" at the [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|Neighborhood Inaugural Ball]] after [[Barack Obama]] was sworn as the first African-American president of the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title=Music for Many Firsts at Inauguration Events|last=Pareles|first=Jon|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/arts/music/22conc.html|work=The New York Times|date=January 22, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> On July 7, 2009, Carey – alongside [[Trey Lorenz]] – performed her version of [[The Jackson 5]] song "[[I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)#Mariah Carey version|I'll Be There]]" at the memorial service for [[Michael Jackson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/07/06/us-jackson-idUSTRE5615KN20090706|title=Mariah Carey Among Jackson Memorial Participants|last=Dubozinskis|first=Alex|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[The Thomson Corporation]]|date=July 6, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> At the sight of Jackson's casket, Carey's voice, overwhelmed with emotion, cracked in the opening line of the song.<ref name=crack>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1615530/mariah-carey-reflects-on-jackson-memorial.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Worries She 'Let Everybody Down' At Jackson Memorial|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|publisher=MTV News|date=July 8, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> She later apologized on ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|The Today Show]]'', explaining how she did her best effort despite the circumstances.<ref name=crack/>
During the week of September 25, 2005, Carey set another record, becoming the first woman to occupy the first two spots atop the Hot 100, as "We Belong Together" remained at number one, and her next single, "[[Shake It Off (Mariah Carey song)|Shake It Off]]", moved into the number two spot (Ashanti had topped the chart in 2002 while being a "featured" singer on the number two single).<ref name="records"/> On the US [[Billboard Year-End|''Billboard'' Hot 100 Year-end Chart]] of 2005, "We Belong Together" was declared the number one song, a first for Carey.<ref name="US_yearend">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2005/hsititl.jsp|title=2005 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs|magazine=Billboard|date=November 5, 2005|access-date=July 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122230023/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2005/hsititl.jsp|archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> ''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and was declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by ''Billboard''.<ref name="decade">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs|title=The Billboard Hot 100 Singles & Tracks – Decade Year End Charts|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630055536/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs|archive-date=June 30, 2011}}</ref> The album was re-released as ''The Ultra Platinum Edition'', from which "[[Don't Forget About Us]]" became her seventeenth number-one in the United States.<ref name="Vineyard1">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1511489/mariah-emancipating-mimi-again.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Emancipating Mimi Again, With Bonus Tracks|publisher=MTV News|access-date=February 24, 2011|date=November 18, 2005|first=Jennifer|last=Vineyard|archive-date=November 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107051515/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1511489/mariah-emancipating-mimi-again.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/ae/music/article/Mariah-Carey-ties-Elvis-on-Billboard-chart-1190827.php?source=mypi|title=Mariah Carey Ties Elvis Record On Billboard Chart|last=Sue|first=Jennifer|newspaper=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|date=December 25, 2005|access-date=July 18, 2011|archive-date=October 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018070122/http://www.seattlepi.com/ae/music/article/Mariah-Carey-ties-Elvis-on-Billboard-chart-1190827.php?source=mypi|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey @ 2010 Academy Awards.jpg|thumb|left|Mariah Carey during red carpet interviews at the [[82nd Academy Awards]], 2010.]]
In 2009, she appeared as a [[social work]]er in ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'', the movie adaptation of the 1996 novel ''Push'' by [[Sapphire (author)|Sapphire]]. The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, as had Carey's performance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/10/avatar-james-cameron-movie-news-story-article.html|title=Dark horse nominees: Will the Oscars nominate 'Avatar'?|last=O'Niel|first=Tom|work=Los Angeles Times|date=October 19, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' described her acting as "pitch-perfect".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeout.com/film/reviews/87257/precious-based-on-the-novel-push-by-sapphire.html?cpage=2&ccat=11|title=Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire Movie Review From The Sundance Film Festival|last=Anderson|first=John|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information]]|date=January 18, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''Precious'' won awards at both the [[Sundance Film Festival]] and the [[Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto Film Festival]], receiving top honors there.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8265281.stm |title=Entertainment; Precious Film Takes Sundance Prize|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=September 20, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a178373/precious-scoops-top-toronto-prize.html|title=Movies – News – 'Precious' Scoops Top Toronto Prize|work=Digital Spy|publisher=Hachette Filipacchi Médias|date=September 21, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In January 2010, Carey won the Breakthrough Actress Performance Award for her role in ''Precious'' at the [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]].<ref name=Carey>{{cite news|title=Weeks After Tipsy Awards Speech, Mariah Carey Pops Cork on her Own Liquor Brand, Angel Champagne|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2010/01/16/2010-01-16_mariah_launches_new_liquor_label.html|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=January 17, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> On September 25, 2009, Carey's twelfth studio album, ''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'', was released. Reception for the album was generally positive, but mixed in certain aspects; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of [[Allmusic]] called it "her most interesting album in a decade",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/r1616570/review|title=Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel > Review|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|work=AllMusic|date=September 29, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> while Jon Caramanica from ''[[The New York Times]]'' criticized Carey's vocal performances, decrying her overuse of her softer vocal registers at the expense of her more powerful lower and upper registers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/28/arts/music/28choi.html |work=The New York Times|title=New CDs|date=September 29, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Commercially, the album debuted at number three on the ''Billboard'' 200, and became the lowest-selling studio album of her career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267159/barbra-streisand-surprises-with-ninth-no-1-on-billboard-200|title=Barbra Streisand Surprises With Ninth No. 1 On Billboard 200|work=Billboard|date=September 29, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The album's lead single, "[[Obsessed (song)|Obsessed]]", became her 40th entry on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and her highest debut on the chart since "[[My All]]" in 1998.<ref name=recs>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268060/hannah-montana-mariah-carey-hit-the-billboard-hot-100|last=Ben-Yehuda|first=Ayala|title=Mariah Carey Hit The Billboard Hot 100|work=Billboard|date=July 16, 2009|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}</ref> The song debuted at number eleven and peaked at number seven on the chart, and became Carey's 27th US top-ten hit, tying her with [[Elton John]] and [[Janet Jackson]] as the fifth most top-ten hits.<ref name=recs/> Within hours after the song's release, various outlets speculated that its target was rapper [[Eminem]], in response to his song "Bagpipes from Baghdad", in which he taunted Carey's husband, [[Nick Cannon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/06/mariah-carey-are-we-obsessed.html|title=Mariah Carey: Are We Obsessed?|last=Martens|first=Todd|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 30, 2009|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> According to MTV, Carey alludes to drug problems in "Obsessed", which Eminem opened up about on his sixth studio album, ''[[Relapse (Eminem album)|Relapse]]''.<ref name=obsessed>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614088/mariah-careys-obsessed-directed-at-eminem.jhtml|title=Is Mariah Carey's 'Obsessed' Directed At Eminem?|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=August 13, 2011|date=June 30, 2009|first=Shaheem|last=Reid}}</ref> The album's follow-up single, a cover of [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]'s "[[I Want to Know What Love Is]]", failed to achieve any significant chart success in the United States, or much throughout Europe, but managed to break airplay records in Brazil. The song spent 27 weeks atop the [[Brasil Hot 100 Airplay]], making it the longest running song in the chart's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/08/22/mariah-carey-does-it-big-in-brazil/|title=Mariah Carey Does It Big In Brazil|work=[[Rap-Up]]|publisher=Devin Lazerine|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> On December 31, 2009, Carey embarked her seventh concert tour, [[Angels Advocate Tour]], which visited the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/mariah-carey-announces-angels-advocate-release-date-1884367.html|title=Mariah Carey Announces 'Angels Advocate' Release Date|last=Martin|first=Devin|work=[[The Independent]]|publisher=[[Alexander Lebedev]]|date=January 30, 2010}}</ref> Though stateside, the tour spanned few international dates, such as in Brazil and Singapore, where Carey played to over 100,000 spectators. The tour ended on September 26, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a278887/mariah-carey-falls-on-stage.html|title=Mariah Carey Falls On Stage|work=Digital Spy|publisher=Hachette Filipacchi Médias|date=September 21, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> On January 30, 2010, it was announced that Carey would release a [[remix]] album of ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel''; titled ''Angels Advocate'' (an R&B remix album featuring a collection of newly remixed duets with some of Carey's favorite artists).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/07/06/us-jackson-idUSTRE5615KN20090706|title=Maraih Carey Remix Album Delayed to March 30|last=Dubozinskis|first=Alex|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Thomson Corporation|date=July 6, 2009|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The album was slated for a March 30, 2010 release, but was eventually cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vozick|first=Simon |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/03/23/mariah-carey-angels-advocate-cancelled/|title=Mariah Carey: 'Angels Advocate' Remix Album Cancelled|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 23, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
''The Emancipation of Mimi'' earned ten [[Grammy Award]] nominations: eight in 2006 for the original release, the most received by Carey in a single year, and two in 2007 for the ''Ultra Platinum Edition''. Carey won [[Best Contemporary R&B Album]] and [[Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]] and [[Best R&B Song]] for "We Belong Together".<ref name="usaawards">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/grammys/2005-12-08-grammy-nominations_x.htm?loc=interstitialskip|title=Carey, West, Legend Lead The Grammy pack|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|newspaper=USA Today|date=December 8, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=January 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114012858/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/awards/grammys/2005-12-08-grammy-nominations_x.htm?loc=interstitialskip|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' was 2005's best-selling album in the United States, with nearly five million units sold. It was the first album by a solo female artist to become the year's best-selling album within the country since [[Alanis Morissette]]'s ''[[Jagged Little Pill]]'' in 1996.<ref name="ABrS6">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2005/12/29/sorry_fiddy_mar/|title=Mariah Carey Has the Year's Top-selling CD|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|last=Ryan|first=Amy|date=December 29, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918201318/https://ew.com/article/2005/12/29/sorry_fiddy_mar/|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the end of 2005, the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] (IFPI) reported that ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' had sold more than 7.7 million copies globally, and was the second-best-selling album of the year after [[Coldplay]]'s ''[[X&Y]]''.<ref name="world2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/uploads/media/top50-2005.pdf|title=Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2005|publisher={{Lang|de|[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|italic=no}}|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410040338/http://www.musikindustrie.de/uploads/media/top50-2005.pdf|archive-date=April 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name="c4e1v">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4865716.stm|title=Coldplay Top 2005's Global Charts|publisher=BBC News|date=March 31, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001023147/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4865716.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cnpo6">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/coldplay-tops-worldwide-sales-for-2005-1.601418|title=Coldplay Tops Worldwide Sales for 2005|publisher=CBC News|date=March 31, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617025339/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/03/31/musicsales-coldplay.html|archive-date=June 17, 2008}}</ref> It has since sold 12 million copies worldwide.<ref name="TelegraphCD2008">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3672721/Pop-CDs-of-the-week-Mariah-Carey-Pete-Molinari-and-more....html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3672721/Pop-CDs-of-the-week-Mariah-Carey-Pete-Molinari-and-more....html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Pop CDs of the week: Mariah Carey, Pete Molinari and more..|last=Thompson|first=Ben|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2008|access-date=August 19, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In support of the album, Carey embarked on her first headlining tour in three years, named [[The Adventures of Mimi]] after a "Carey-centric fan's" music diary.<ref name="H9Z0G">{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/mariah-carey-takes-madonna-new-tour-wbna14190642|title=Mariah Carey Takes on Madonna with New Tour|last=Popkin|first=Helen|website=Today|date=June 6, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=January 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108043435/https://www.today.com/popculture/mariah-carey-takes-madonna-new-tour-wbna14190642|url-status=live}}</ref> The tour spanned 40 dates, with 32 in the United States and Canada, two in Africa, and six in Japan.<ref name="mtvnews8">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1532213/mariah-carey-plots-mimis-touring-adventure.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Plots Mimi's Touring Adventure|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|publisher=MTV News|date=May 22, 2006|access-date=August 18, 2011|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623214117/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1532213/mariah-carey-plots-mimis-touring-adventure.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> It received warm reception from music critics and concert goers, many of which lauded Carey's vocals.<ref name="outshines">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1537972/mariah-carey-tour-kickoff-all-about-voice.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Tour Kickoff: The Voice Outshines Costume Changes, Video Clips|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|publisher=MTV News|date=August 30, 2006|access-date=August 18, 2011|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213753/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1537972/mariah-carey-tour-kickoff-all-about-voice.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aLu19">{{cite magazine|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/1105356491.html?dids=1105356491:1105356491&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+24%2C+2006&author=RAFER+GUZMN.+STAFF+WRITER&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=Mimi+hits+the+Garden%2C+just+like+that&pqatl=google|title=Mimi Hits the Garden, Just Like That|last=Rafer|first=Guzman|magazine=Newsday|date=September 10, 2006|access-date=August 18, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725034317/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/1105356491.html?dids=1105356491:1105356491&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+24%2C+2006&author=RAFER+GUZMN.+STAFF+WRITER&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=Mimi+hits+the+Garden%2C+just+like+that&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===2010–11: ''Merry Christmas II You'' and motherhood===
[[File:Mariahparade1.jpg|thumb|right|Carey performing live in "All I Want for Christmas Is You" live at the [[Walt Disney World Resort]] on December 3, 2010]]
=== 2008–2009: ''E=MC²'', ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', and ''Precious'' ===
Following the cancellation of ''Angels Advocate'', it was announced that Carey would return to the studio to start work on her thirteenth studio album.<ref name=return>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com.au/news/a4d4fa76-vh1-mariahs-album-ditched/|title=Mariah's Album Ditched|work=[[MTV Australia]]|date=March 22, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> It was later revealed that it would be her second Christmas album, the follow-up to ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' (1994), which became the best-selling Holiday album of all time.<ref name="mimisales2"/> Longtime collaborators for the project included [[Jermaine Dupri]], [[Johntá Austin]], [[Bryan-Michael Cox]] and [[Randy Jackson]], as well as new collaborators such as [[Marc Shaiman]].<ref name=aneme/> Dupri stated that a single would be released alongside the album before the year's end.<ref name=aneme>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/05/05/jd-talks-new-mariah-carey-album/|title=J.D. Talks New Mariah Carey Album |work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazerine|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> During a press conference in [[Seoul]], South Korea in August 2010, [[The Island Def Jam Music Group|Island Def Jam]] executive Matt Voss announced that the album would be out on November 2, 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/08/19/mariah-carey-touches-down-in-brazil/ |title=Mariah Carey Touches Down in Brazil|work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazerine|date=August 19, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and would include six new songs as well as a remix of her classic hit "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/get-ready-for-a-very-carey-christmas/story-fn6bn9st-1225962016819|title=Get Ready for a Very Carey Christmas|last=Bakker|first=Tiffany|work=[[Herald Sun]]|publisher=[[The Herald and Weekly Times]]|date=September 10, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The album, titled ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'', was released alongside an accompanying DVD, and was sent to [[retail]]ers on November 2, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/01/exclusive-mariah-carey-christmas-album-title-release-date-revealed/|title=Exclusive: Mariah Carey Christmas Album Title, Release Date Revealed|work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazerine|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> ''Merry Christmas II You'' debuted at number four on the ''Billboard'' 200 with sales of 56,000 copies, surpassing the opening week sales of Carey's previous holiday album of 45,000 copies 16 years prior.<ref name=opening/> It also became Carey's 16th top ten album in the United States.<ref name=opening>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/951296/country-albums-rule-top-three-on-billboard-200|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|title=Country Albums Rule Top Three on Billboard 200|date=November 10, 2010|work=Billboard|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The album debuted at number one on the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top this chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/949857/rbhip-hop-chart-juice-kanye-west-nicki-minaj-and-ne-yo|title=R&B/Hip-Hop Chart Juice: Kanye West, Nicki Minaj and Ne-Yo|last=Ramirez|first=Rauly|work=Billboard|date=December 10, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
In early 2007, Carey began to work on her eleventh studio album, ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]''. Although the album was well received by most critics,<ref name="WA6Sk">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|title=Mariah Carey: E=MC²|last=Macpherson|first=Alex|newspaper=The Guardian|date=April 16, 2008|access-date=August 5, 2011|archive-date=March 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314080211/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|url-status=live}}</ref> some of them criticized it for being very similar to the formula used on ''The Emancipation of Mimi''.<ref name="angels">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-mariah12apr12,1,6445816.story|title=CD: Mariah Carey's 'E=MC2'|last=Richard|first=David|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 8, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=May 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522151202/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-mariah12apr12,1,6445816.story|url-status=live}}</ref> Two weeks before the album's release, "[[Touch My Body]]", the record's lead single, reached the top position on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, becoming Carey's eighteenth number one and making her the solo artist with the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most number-one singles|most number one singles in United States history]], pushing her past [[Elvis Presley]] into second place according to the magazine's revised methodology.<ref name="mpEdo">{{cite news|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/23918924/ns/today-entertainment/t/mariah-carey-surpasses-elvis-no-s/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003081203/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/23918924/ns/today-entertainment/t/mariah-carey-surpasses-elvis-no-s/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 3, 2012|title=Elvis is Spotted – Rolling in His Grave|last=Guthrie|first=Marisa|publisher=Associated Press|via=MSN|date=April 4, 2008|access-date=August 6, 2011}}</ref> Carey is second only to [[The Beatles]], who have twenty number-one singles. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most cumulative weeks at number one|most weeks at number one in the ''Billboard'' chart history]]."<ref name="OGmfQ">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7327843.stm|title=Mariah Breaks Elvis Chart Record|publisher=BBC News|date=April 4, 2008|access-date=August 6, 2011|archive-date=April 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405084117/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7327843.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Carey at the 2008 [[Tribeca Film Festival]]]]
In May 2010, Carey dropped out of her planned appearance in ''[[For Colored Girls]]'', the film adaptation of the play ''[[For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf]]'', citing medical reasons.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-05-28/gossip/27065557_1_fuels-rumors-imperfect-angel-social-worker|title=Mariah Carey Drops Out of Film Due to Medical Reasons|last=Green|first=Anna|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=May 29, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> After much media speculation, Carey confirmed on October 28, 2010, that she and Cannon were expecting their first child.<ref name="derschowitz1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/952446/mariah-carey-confirms-im-pregnant|title=Mariah Carey Confirms: I'm Pregnant|last=Herrera|first=Monica|work=Billboard|date=November 28, 2008|accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> In February 2011, Carey announced that she had officially began writing new material for her upcoming fourteenth studio album. That same month, it wan announced that Carey recorded a duet with [[Tony Bennett]] for his ''[[Duets II (Tony Bennett album)|Duets II]]'' album, titled "When Do The Bells Ring For Me".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a332887/amy-winehouse-lady-gaga-on-tony-bennetts-duets-ii-tracklisting.html|title=Amy Winehouse, Lady GaGa on Tony Bennett's 'Duets II' Tracklisting|last=Corner|first=Lewis|work=Digital Spy|publisher=Hachette Filipacchi Médias|date=August 2, 2001|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In March 2011, it was announced that Carey wrote a song titled "Save the Day" for her upcoming fourteenth studio album.<ref name="billboard2">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472771/mariah-carey-embarrassed-over-gadhafi-linked-concert |title=Mariah Carey 'Embarrassed' Over Gadhafi-Linked Concert |work=Billboard |date=September 14, 2009 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> On April 30, 2011, the couple's third wedding anniversary, Carey gave birth to [[fraternal twin]]s via [[C-section]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b239514_mariah_carey_nick_cannon_welcome_twins.html|title=Mariah Carey & Nick Cannon Welcome Twins|work=[[E! Entertainment Television]]|publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]|date=April 30, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The twins were named Monroe, after [[Marilyn Monroe]], and Moroccan Scott, after the location in which Cannon proposed to Carey in her Moroccan-style room; Scott is Cannon's middle name and his grandmother's maiden name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/04/mariah-carey-and-nick-cannon-reveal-baby-names/|title=Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon Reveal Baby Names|publisher=[[CNN]]|last=Quan|first=Denise}}</ref> In an interview, Carey stated that her pregnancy was very difficult; she suffered from [[high blood pressure]], [[pre-eclampsia]], and [[gestational diabetes]]. Before giving birth to the twins, she also said: "I was afraid I wasn't going to be able to walk properly again, It was a huge strain. I would sit and then someone would have to help me up. I couldn't go even to the loo by myself. It was just like, 'What are we doing? Are we going to the hospital?' No, I'm gonna stick it out, I'm gonna keep taking this medicine to keep these babies in... I made it to 35 weeks and then the doctor said it wasn't safe anymore".<ref>{{cite web|first=Daniel|last=Sperling |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a346967/mariah-carey-on-pregnancy-troubles-i-thought-id-never-walk-again.html |title=Mariah Carey on pregnancy troubles: 'I thought I'd never walk again' |work=Digital Spy |date=October 22, 2011 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref>
''E=MC²'' debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 with 463,000 copies sold, the biggest opening week sales of her career.<ref name="MonsterBillboard">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045786/mariah-debuts-at-no-1-after-monster-first-week|title=Mariah Debuts at No. 1 After Monster First Week|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=April 14, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=July 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704063405/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045786/mariah-debuts-at-no-1-after-monster-first-week|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Carey also played an aspiring singer named Krystal in ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]''<ref name="wTYWf">{{cite news|last=Farber|first=Stephen|title=Mariah Carey surprisingly effective in "Tennessee"|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-tennessee-idUSN0154359820080501|access-date=December 2, 2014|publisher=Reuters|date=May 1, 2008|archive-date=January 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101072138/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-tennessee-idUSN0154359820080501|url-status=live}}</ref> and had a [[cameo appearance]] in [[Adam Sandler]]'s film ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'', playing herself.<ref name="Zohan">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12146FD39793DF98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Sandler Makes Another Mess With 'Zohan'|last=Demone|first=Larry|newspaper=[[The Buffalo News]]|date=March 4, 2008|access-date=August 5, 2011|archive-date=October 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026003128/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12146FD39793DF98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the album's release, Carey had planned to embark on an extensive tour in support of ''E=MC²''.<ref name="mtvvid2">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1591425/mariah-carey-planning-elaborate-tour.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Plans 'Elaborate' Tour; Hopes For End To VMA Losing Streak, Rocky-Marriage Rumors|last=Vineyard|first=Jennier|publisher=[[MTV News]]|date=April 9, 2008|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=November 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107172057/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1591425/mariah-carey-planning-elaborate-tour.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the tour was suddenly cancelled in early December 2008.<ref name="preg">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_mariah-carey-is-definitely-pregnant_1217181|title=Mariah Carey is Definitely Pregnant|last=Wales|first=Jason|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=December 28, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=February 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208062743/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_mariah-carey-is-definitely-pregnant_1217181|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey later stated that she had been pregnant during that time period, and suffered a miscarriage, prompting the tour's cancellation.<ref name="42n3G">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/952446/mariah-carey-confirms-im-pregnant|title=Mariah Carey Confirms: I'm Pregnant|last=Herrera|first=Monica|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=November 28, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=July 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703121018/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/952446/mariah-carey-confirms-im-pregnant|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="derschowitz1">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-im-pregnant/|title=Mariah Carey: I'm Pregnant|last=Derschowitz|first=Jessica|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=November 24, 2008|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=February 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208025206/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-im-pregnant/|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 20, 2009, Carey performed "Hero" at the [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|Neighborhood Inaugural Ball]] after [[Barack Obama]] was sworn as the first African-American president of the United States.<ref name="SEA2N">{{cite news|title=Music for Many Firsts at Inauguration Events|last=Pareles|first=Jon|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/arts/music/22conc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122195341/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/arts/music/22conc.html |archive-date=January 22, 2009 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 22, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> On July 7, 2009, Carey—alongside [[Trey Lorenz]]—performed her version of "I'll Be There" at the memorial service for Michael Jackson.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-idUSTRE5615KN20090706|title=Mariah Carey Among Jackson Memorial Participants|last=Dubozinskis|first=Alex|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=July 6, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605034657/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-idUSTRE5615KN20090706|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following the birth of their children, Cannon revealed during an interview with ''Billboard'' that Carey had already begun working on a new record and that she's been inspired by her first two albums.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/471582/nick-cannon-mariah-carey-working-on-new-albums|title=Nick Cannon, Mariah Carey, Working on New Album|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|work=Billboard|date=May 13, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Cannon said "She's been working away, and we have a studio in the crib, and [the pregnancy] has totally inspired her on so many different levels. You're definitely gonna see some new phenomenal music from Mariah" and assured Carey would plan on releasing a brand new single by the end of 2011. When asked if an album will be released by the end of 2011 as well, Cannon said that he was not sure. However, a late 2011 release for a single never materialized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://perezhilton.com/2011-06-07-nick-cannon-talks-mariah-careys-new-album#.UVy6NhyyCTc |title=Attention Mariah Carey Fans! |publisher=PerezHilton.com |date=July 6, 2011 |accessdate=April 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2011/05/15/2011-05-15_mariah_carey_planning_to_release_a_new_album_this_year_singer_recorded_it_while_.html|title=Mariah Carey Planning to Release Album this Year|last=Perricone|first=Kathleen|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=May 16, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
In 2009, she appeared as a [[social work]]er in ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'', the movie adaptation of the 1996 novel ''Push'' by [[Sapphire (author)|Sapphire]]. The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, also for Carey's performance.<ref name="psG6u">{{cite news|url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/10/avatar-james-cameron-movie-news-story-article.html|title=Dark horse nominees: Will the Oscars nominate 'Avatar'?|last=O'Niel|first=Tom|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 19, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=February 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225053630/http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/10/avatar-james-cameron-movie-news-story-article.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' described her acting as "pitch-perfect."<ref name="q3pCq">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.timeout.com/film/reviews/87257/precious-based-on-the-novel-push-by-sapphire.html?cpage=2&ccat=11|title=Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire Movie Review From The Sundance Film Festival|last=Anderson|first=John|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 18, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729202814/http://www.timeout.com/film/reviews/87257/precious-based-on-the-novel-push-by-sapphire.html?cpage=2&ccat=11|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2010, Carey won the Breakthrough Actress Performance Award for her role in ''Precious'' at the [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]].<ref name="Carey">{{cite news|title=Weeks After Tipsy Awards Speech, Mariah Carey Pops Cork on her Own Liquor Brand, Angel Champagne|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2010/01/16/2010-01-16_mariah_launches_new_liquor_label.html|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=January 17, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=January 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121181857/http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2010/01/16/2010-01-16_mariah_launches_new_liquor_label.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In October 2011, Carey announced that she re-recorded her song "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" with [[Justin Bieber]] as a duet for his Christmas album, ''[[Under the Mistletoe]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672005/justin-bieber-christmas-mariah-carey.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber Confirms Mariah Carey Christmas Collabo|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|publisher=MTV News|date=October 5, 2011|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/04/mariah-carey-remakes-christmas-classic-with-justin-bieber/|title=Mariah Carey Remakes Christmas Classic With Mariah Carey|work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazerine|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> On November 5, 2011, Carey and Bieber filmed a music video for the duet at the [[Macy's]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/11/05/mariah-carey-and-justin-bieber-shut-down-macys-for-christmas-video/|title=Mariah Carey and Justin Bieber Shut Down Macy's|work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazarine|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> On October 21, 2011, a pre-taped interview with [[Barbara Walters]] aired on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s [[20/20 (U.S. TV series)|20/20]], during the interview Carey and Cannon allowed the cameras to photograph/film twins Moroccan and Monroe for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2011/10/exclusive-mariah-carey-on-marriage-miscarriage-and-motherhood/|title=Exclusive: Mariah Carey on Marriage, Miscarriage and Motherhood|publisher=[[ABC News]]. [[The Walt Disney Company]]|date=October 28, 2011|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> In November 2011, Carey was included in the remix to the mixtape single "Warning" by [[Uncle Murda]]; the remix also features [[50 Cent]] and [[Young Jeezy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/31/new-music-uncle-murda-f-mariah-carey-50-cent-young-jeezy-warning-remix/|title=Mariah Carey Guests On Uncle Murda's 'Warning'|work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazarine|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> That same month, Carey announced that she and [[John Legend]] collaborated on a duet, "[[When Christmas Comes]]", which was originally part of Carey's 2010 holiday album ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/11/09/mariah-carey-and-john-legend-to-throw-house-party-in-christmas-video/|title=Mariah Carey and John Legend Duet on 'When Christmas Comes'|work=Rap-Up|publisher=Devin Lazarine|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref>
On September 25, 2009, Carey's twelfth studio album, ''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'', was released. Reception for the album was mostly mixed; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "her most interesting album in a decade,"<ref name="29pfs">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1616570/review|title=Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel |last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|publisher=AllMusic|date=September 29, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> while Jon Caramanica from ''[[The New York Times]]'' criticized Carey's vocal performances, complaining she overused softer vocal registers at the expense of her more powerful lower and upper registers.<ref name="bixu7">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/28/arts/music/28choi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424080556/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/28/arts/music/28choi.html |archive-date=April 24, 2017 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|newspaper=The New York Times|title=New CDs|date=September 29, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Commercially, the album debuted at number three on the ''Billboard'' 200 with first week sales of 168,000 copies.<ref name="f4xsP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267159/barbra-streisand-surprises-with-ninth-no-1-on-billboard-200|title=Barbra Streisand Surprises With Ninth # 1 on Billboard 200|magazine=Billboard|date=September 29, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004032940/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267159/barbra-streisand-surprises-with-ninth-no-1-on-billboard-200|url-status=live}}</ref> "[[Obsessed (Mariah Carey song)|Obsessed]]" served as the lead single, and debuted at number eleven in the US before peaking at number seven, and became Carey's 27th top-ten entry within the nation, tying her with [[Elton John]] and [[Janet Jackson]] for having the fifth most top-tens.<ref name="recs">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268060/hannah-montana-mariah-carey-hit-the-billboard-hot-100|last=Ben-Yehuda|first=Ayala|title=Mariah Carey Hit The Billboard Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|date=July 16, 2009|access-date=August 16, 2009|archive-date=June 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606050403/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268060/hannah-montana-mariah-carey-hit-the-billboard-hot-100|url-status=live}}</ref> Its follow-up single, a cover of [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]'s "[[I Want to Know What Love Is]]", managed to break airplay records in Brazil. The song spent 27 weeks atop the [[Brasil Hot 100]], making it the longest running song in the chart's history.<ref name="dCRom">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/08/22/mariah-carey-does-it-big-in-brazil/|title=Mariah Carey Does It Big in Brazil|magazine=[[Rap-Up]]|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828092029/http://www.rap-up.com/2010/08/22/mariah-carey-does-it-big-in-brazil/|archive-date=August 28, 2010}}</ref>
===2012–present: ''American Idol'', ''The Art of Letting Go'' and return to film===
On March 1, 2012, Carey took the stage at [[New York City]]'s Gotham Hall for a show, where only 50 tickets were made available to the public, as part of the Plot Your Escape concert series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idolator.com/6205511/mariah-carey-gotham-hall-concert-photos|title=Mariah Carey Shakes It Off At Gotham Hall|date=March 2, 2012|accessdate=March 5, 2012|publisher=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]. Buzz Media}}</ref> This was Carey's first time performing since giving birth to twins Moroccan and Monroe. The 40-minute set included many of Carey's hits such as "[[Always Be My Baby]]", "Hero", "Obsessed", "We Belong Together", and a cover of Michael Jackson's "I'll Be There".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/touring/backbeat-mariah-carey-dazzles-during-first-1006348162.story|title=Backbeat: Mariah Carey Dazzles During First Post-Pregnancy Performance in New York|last1=Ramirez|first1=Erika|last2=Hampp|first2=Andrew|date=March 2, 2012|accessdate=March 5, 2012|work=Billboard}}</ref> In May 2012, Carey announced that she wrote and recorded a new song titled "Mesmerized" for [[Lee Daniels]]'s 2012 movie ''[[The Paperboy (2012 film)|The Paperboy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2012/05/03/mariah-carey-new-song-mesmerized-lee-daniels-the-paperboy/ |title=Mariah Carey Announces New Song And It's Coming To Cannes This Summer! |publisher=MTV |date=May 3, 2012 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> On June 14, 2012, Carey performed a three song set at a special fundraiser for United States President [[Barack Obama]] held in New York's Plaza Hotel. The three songs she performed were "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]", "[[We Belong Together]]", and a new song titled "Bring It On Home", which Carey wrote specifically for the event to show her support behind Obama's re-election campaign.<ref>{{cite web|author=Alison Rowley |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a387828/mariah-carey-performs-pro-obama-song-bring-it-on-home-at-fundraiser.html |title=Mariah Carey performs pro-Obama song 'Bring It On Home' at fundraiser - Celebrity News |work=Digital Spy |date=June 17, 2012 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> In June 2012, Carey posted a photo that wrote, "MC Summer 2012", after the photo was posted, many fans speculated that new music will be released soon. On July 21, 2012, Carey announced that a song titled "[[Triumphant (Get 'Em)]]" featuring [[Rick Ross]] and [[Meek Mill]], would be released in early August 2012 as the lead single from her fourteenth studio album. The song was co-written and co-produced by Carey, [[Jermaine Dupri]], and [[Bryan-Michael Cox]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/34221 |title=News |publisher=Mariah Carey |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/07/21/mariah-carey-taps-rick-ross-and-meek-mill-for-new-single-triumphant/ |title=Mariah Carey Taps Rick Ross and Meek Mill for New Single 'Triumphant' |publisher=Rap-Up.com |date=July 21, 2012 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> In February 2013, [[The Walt Disney Studios (production company)|Walt Disney Studios]] revealed that Mariah Carey recorded a song called "[[Almost Home (Mariah Carey song)|Almost Home]]" co-written and co-produced by Carey herself along with Simone Porter, Justin Gray, Lindsey Ray, Tor Erik Hermansen, and Mikkel Eriksen (a.k.a. [[Stargate (production team)|Stargate]]) for the soundtrack of the film ''[[Oz the Great and Powerful]]''. The video was directed by photographer [[David LaChapelle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1537996/mariah-carey-records-new-song-for-disneys-oz-the-great-and-powerful |title=Mariah Carey Records New Song for Disney's 'Oz The Great and Powerful' |work=Billboard |accessdate=February 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1702187/mariah-carey-almost-home-oz-song.jhtml |title=Mariah Carey Goes 'Almost Home' On New 'Oz' Track - Music, Celebrity, Artist News |publisher=MTV |date=February 19, 2013 |accessdate=June 1, 2013}}</ref>
On December 31, 2009, Carey embarked on her seventh concert tour, [[Angels Advocate Tour]], which visited the United States and Canada and ended on September 26, 2010.<ref name="rnhjk">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/mariah-carey-announces-angels-advocate-release-date-1884367.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204091352/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/mariah-carey-announces-angels-advocate-release-date-1884367.html|archive-date=February 4, 2010|title=Mariah Carey Announces 'Angels Advocate' Release Date|last=Martin|first=Devin|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|url-status=dead|date=January 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="aqkAa">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a278887/mariah-carey-falls-on-stage.html|title=Mariah Carey Falls on Stage|publisher=Digital Spy|date=September 21, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=September 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930155222/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a278887/mariah-carey-falls-on-stage.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A planned [[remix]] album of ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', titled ''Angels Advocate'', was slated for a March 30, 2010, release but was eventually cancelled after Island Def Jam decided to instead distribute "[[Up Out My Face]]" with Nicki Minaj and "[[Angels Cry (song)|Angels Cry]]" with Ne-Yo as stand-alone releases.<ref name="DKViH">{{cite magazine|last=Vozick|first=Simon|url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/03/23/mariah-carey-angels-advocate-cancelled/|title=Mariah Carey: 'Angels Advocate' Remix Album Cancelled|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 23, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821005126/http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/03/23/mariah-carey-angels-advocate-cancelled/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Carey joined the judging panel of ''[[American Idol]]'' for season twelve.<ref name=highestpaid>{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/mariah-carey-highest-paid-judge-16188867.html|title=Mariah Carey 'Highest Paid Judge'|work=[[The Belfast Telegraph]]|date=July 24, 2012|accessdate=July 28, 2012}}{{dead link|date=February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/07/23/mariah-carey-american-idol/ |work=Entertainment Weekly | title=Mariah Carey Joins 'American Idol' | date=July 23, 2012 | accessdate=July 23, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/18964936 | title=Mariah Carey to join American Idol judging panel | date= July 24, 2012}}</ref> Her salary is reported to be $18 million.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/New-American-Idol-judge-Mariah-Carey-gets-18mn/Article1-894808.aspx | title=New American Idol judge Mariah Carey gets $18mn | date= July 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maloney |first=Devon |url=http://www.spin.com/articles/mariah-careys-18-million-idol-deal-how-does-it-measure-stars-tv-paydays |title=Mariah Carey's $18 Million 'Idol' Deal: How Does it Measure Up to Stars' TV Paydays? |work=Spin|date=July 24, 2012 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> Carey appeared in [[Lee Daniels]]' 2013 film ''[[The Butler]]'', about a [[White House]] butler who served eight American Presidents over the course of three decades.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buchanan |first=Kyle |url=http://www.vulture.com/2012/07/mariah-carey-is-joining-the-butler.html |title=Mariah Carey Is Joining The Butler |publisher=Vulture |date=July 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jade Watkins |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2191258/Mariah-Carey-hitches-strapless-dress-begins-filming-new-movie-The-Butler.html |title=Mariah Carey hitches up her strapless dress as she begins filming her new movie The Butler |work=Daily Mail |date=August 21, 2012 |accessdate=June 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brooks |first=Brian |url=http://movies.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-joins-butler-lionsgate-aims-time-again-203039567.html |title=Mariah Carey Joins The Butler; Lionsgate Aims for Time and Again: Biz Break |publisher=Yahoo! |date=July 26, 2012 |accessdate=June 1, 2013}}</ref>
=== 2010–2014: ''Merry Christmas II You'' and ''Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse'' ===
[[File:Mariah Carey - Beautiful (Live @ GMA, May 24, 2013).JPG|thumb|Mariah Carey singing "#Beautiful" Live on ''Good Morning America'', May 24, 2013.]]
Following the cancellation of ''Angels Advocate'', it was announced that Carey would return to the studio to start work on her thirteenth studio album.<ref name="return">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com.au/news/a4d4fa76-vh1-mariahs-album-ditched/|title=Mariah's Album Ditched|publisher=MTV|date=March 22, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=March 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330041936/http://www.mtv.com.au/news/a4d4fa76-vh1-mariahs-album-ditched/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was later revealed that it would be her second Christmas album, and follow-up to ''Merry Christmas''.<ref name="mimisales2"/> The release date for the album, titled ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'', was November 2, 2010;<ref name="4m0RV">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/08/19/mariah-carey-touches-down-in-brazil/|title=Mariah Carey Touches Down in Brazil|magazine=Rap-Up|date=August 19, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419185100/http://www.rap-up.com/2010/08/19/mariah-carey-touches-down-in-brazil/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the track list included six new songs as well as a remix of "All I Want for Christmas Is You".<ref name="ZWpes">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/get-ready-for-a-very-carey-christmas/story-fn6bn9st-1225962016819|title=Get Ready for a Very Carey Christmas|last=Bakker|first=Tiffany|newspaper=[[Herald Sun]]|date=September 10, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=September 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905225406/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/get-ready-for-a-very-carey-christmas/story-fn6bn9st-1225962016819|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|Herald Sun is not a reliable source, especially for BLPs|date=February 2024}} ''Merry Christmas II You'' debuted at number four on the ''Billboard'' 200 with sales of 56,000 copies, and number one on the [[R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top this chart.<ref name="0uhZV">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/949857/rbhip-hop-chart-juice-kanye-west-nicki-minaj-and-ne-yo|title=R&B/Hip-Hop Chart Juice: Kanye West, Nicki Minaj and Ne-Yo|last=Ramirez|first=Rauly|magazine=Billboard|date=December 10, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723061423/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/949857/rbhip-hop-chart-juice-kanye-west-nicki-minaj-and-ne-yo|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2011, she recorded a duet with [[Tony Bennett]] for his ''[[Duets II (Tony Bennett album)|Duets II]]'' album, titled "When Do The Bells Ring For Me?",<ref name="6rU9i">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a332887/amy-winehouse-lady-gaga-on-tony-bennetts-duets-ii-tracklisting.html|title=Amy Winehouse, Lady GaGa on Tony Bennett's 'Duets II' Tracklisting|last=Corner|first=Lewis|publisher=Digital Spy|date=August 2, 2011|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=January 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118113647/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a332887/amy-winehouse-lady-gaga-on-tony-bennetts-duets-ii-tracklisting.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and re-recorded "All I Want for Christmas Is You" with [[Justin Bieber]] as a duet for his Christmas album, ''[[Under the Mistletoe]]''.<ref name="PUwC1">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672005/justin-bieber-christmas-mariah-carey.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber Confirms Mariah Carey Christmas Collabo|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|publisher=MTV News|date=October 5, 2011|access-date=November 10, 2011|archive-date=October 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005233549/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672005/justin-bieber-christmas-mariah-carey.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gB0XL">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/04/mariah-carey-remakes-christmas-classic-with-justin-bieber/|title=Mariah Carey Remakes Christmas Classic With Mariah Carey|magazine=Rap-Up|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007191902/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/04/mariah-carey-remakes-christmas-classic-with-justin-bieber/|url-status=live}}</ref> In November that year, Carey was included in the remix to the mixtape single "Warning" by [[Uncle Murda]]; the remix also features [[50 Cent]] and [[Young Jeezy]].<ref name="7H38K">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/31/new-music-uncle-murda-f-mariah-carey-50-cent-young-jeezy-warning-remix/|title=Mariah Carey Guests on Uncle Murda's 'Warning'|magazine=Rap-Up|access-date=November 11, 2011|archive-date=November 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102165335/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/31/new-music-uncle-murda-f-mariah-carey-50-cent-young-jeezy-warning-remix|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, Carey released a duet with [[John Legend]] titled "[[When Christmas Comes]]", originally part of ''Merry Christmas II You''.<ref name="gF4Fd">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/11/09/mariah-carey-and-john-legend-to-throw-house-party-in-christmas-video/|title=Mariah Carey and John Legend Duet on 'When Christmas Comes'|magazine=Rap-Up|access-date=November 11, 2011|archive-date=November 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112105650/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/11/09/mariah-carey-and-john-legend-to-throw-house-party-in-christmas-video/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In an interview, Carey spoke about her upcoming fourteenth studio album: "I'm collaborating with a lot of my favorite people but the main thing is [that] I'm not trying to follow any particular trend, I want it to be well received. I want to stay true to myself and the music that I love and make the fans happy".<ref>{{cite web |first=Erika |last=Ramirez |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/480638/mariah-carey-debuts-triumphant-get-em-single-talks-upcoming-album |title=Mariah Carey Debuts 'Triumphant (Get 'Em)' Single; Talks Upcoming Album - The Juice |work=Billboard |date=August 2, 2012 |accessdate=August 14, 2012}}</ref> Some of the people that Carey worked with on the album include: [[DJ Clue?]], [[Randy Jackson]], [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]], [[R. Kelly]], [[David Morales]], [[Loris Holland]], [[Stevie J]], [[James Fauntleroy II]], Ray Angry, [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[Jermaine Dupri]], [[Bryan-Michael Cox]], James "Big Jim" Wright, [[Hit-Boy]], [[The-Dream]], [[Da Brat]], and [[Rodney Jerkins]]. Carey gave ''[[Billboard]]'' an exclusive interview in their March 9, 2013 issue, stating: "It's about making sure I have tons of good music, because at the end of the day that's the most important thing....There are a lot more raw ballads than people might expect...there are also uptempo and signature-type songs that represent [my] different facets as an artist.....Wherever we go with this project, I've tried to keep the soul and heart in it";<ref>{{cite web |first=Gail |last=Mitchell |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/1550473/mariah-carey-recruits-the-dream-hit-boy-for-new-album-exclusive |title=Mariah Carey Recruits The-Dream, Hit-Boy For New Album: Exclusive |work=Billboard |date=March 1, 2013 |accessdate=April 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/34801 |title= Mariah Talks New Album in Billboard's Spring Review|publisher=mariahcarey.com |date=March 1, 2013 |accessdate=March 4, 2013}}</ref> In late March 2013, Carey stated that she "has more than enough songs" but "she's in the process of finishing things and mixing and all that".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/34871 |title=eTalk Canada Interviews Mariah |publisher=Mariah Carey |date=March 26, 2013 |accessdate=April 24, 2013}}</ref> The lead single, "[[Beautiful (Mariah Carey song)|#Beautiful]]" featuring singer [[Miguel (singer)|Miguel]], was released on May 6, 2013. It has so far peaked at number 15 on the Hot 100 chart. The music video was premiered on ''American Idol'' on May 9, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/09/video-mariah-carey-f-miguel-beautiful/ |title=Video: Mariah Carey f/ Miguel – '#Beautiful' |publisher=Rap-Up.com |date=May 9, 2013 |accessdate=June 1, 2013}}</ref> Carey taped a performance of "Beautiful" along with a medley of her greatest hits on May 15, 2013; the taping aired on the ''American Idol'' finale the following day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/16/video-mariah-carey-performs-medley-on-american-idol-finale/ |title=Mariah Carey Performs Medley on ‘American Idol’ Finale |publisher=Rap-Up.com |date=May 16, 2013 |accessdate=June 1, 2013}}</ref> She also performed on ''[[Good Morning America]]'s'' Summer Concert Series on May 24, 2013.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Lipshutz |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1563843/mariah-carey-suffers-wardrobe-malfunction-on-good-morning-america-watch |title=Mariah Carey Suffers Wardrobe Malfunction on 'Good Morning America': Watch |work=Billboard |date=May 24, 2013 |accessdate=July 17, 2013}}</ref>
[[File:MariahGMA.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey performing on ''[[Good Morning America]]'' in May 2013]]
Walmart revealed the album's title as ''[[The Art of Letting Go]]'', which was later confirmed by Carey's longtime friend and producer Jermaine Dupri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/06/18/mariah-carey-titles-new-album-the-art-of-letting-go/ |title=Mariah Carey Titles New Album 'The Art of Letting Go' |publisher=Rap-Up.com |date=June 18, 2013 |accessdate=June 20, 2013}}</ref> On August 2, 2013, it was announced that Carey will [[guest appearance|guest]] [[voice artist|voice]]-star as a [[redneck]] character on the adult animated series ''[[American Dad!]]'', the episode slated to air in the show's upcoming [[American Dad! (season 10)|10th season]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurweb.com/2013/08/mariah-carey-to-voice-redneck-on-american-dad/ |title=Mariah Carey to Voice Redneck on 'American Dad' |publisher=EURweb |date=August 2, 2013 |accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref>
On March 1, 2012, Carey performed at [[New York City]]'s Gotham Hall; her first time performing since her pregnancy.<ref name="ZTMwo">{{cite web|url=http://idolator.com/6205511/mariah-carey-gotham-hall-concert-photos|title=Mariah Carey Shakes It Off at Gotham Hall|date=March 2, 2012|access-date=March 5, 2012|publisher=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]}}</ref><ref name="NkhRe">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/touring/backbeat-mariah-carey-dazzles-during-first-1006348162.story|title=Backbeat: Mariah Carey Dazzles During First Post-Pregnancy Performance in New York|last1=Ramirez|first1=Erika|last2=Hampp|first2=Andrew|date=March 2, 2012|access-date=March 5, 2012|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=March 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304194203/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/touring/backbeat-mariah-carey-dazzles-during-first-1006348162.story|url-status=live}}</ref> She also performed a three-song set at a special fundraiser for US President Barack Obama held in New York's Plaza Hotel. A new song titled "Bring It On Home", which Carey wrote for the event to show her support for Obama's re-election campaign, was also performed.<ref name="QHmRC">{{cite web|first=Alison|last=Rowley|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a387828/mariah-carey-performs-pro-obama-song-bring-it-on-home-at-fundraiser.html|title=Mariah Carey performs pro-Obama song 'Bring It On Home' at fundraiser|publisher=Digital Spy|date=June 17, 2012|access-date=August 14, 2012|archive-date=May 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509113754/http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a387828/mariah-carey-performs-pro-obama-song-bring-it-on-home-at-fundraiser.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2012, she released a stand-alone single, "[[Triumphant (Get 'Em)]]", featuring rappers [[Rick Ross]] and [[Meek Mill]].<ref name="zlh9a">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/07/21/mariah-carey-taps-rick-ross-and-meek-mill-for-new-single-triumphant/|title=Mariah Carey Taps Rick Ross and Meek Mill for New Single 'Triumphant'|magazine=Rap-Up|date=July 21, 2012|access-date=August 14, 2012|archive-date=August 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824224308/http://www.rap-up.com/2012/07/21/mariah-carey-taps-rick-ross-and-meek-mill-for-new-single-triumphant/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey joined the judging panel of the [[American Idol (season 12)|twelfth season]] of ''[[American Idol]]''.<ref name="highestpaid">{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/mariah-carey-highest-paid-judge-16188867.html|title=Mariah Carey 'Highest Paid Judge'|newspaper=[[The Belfast Telegraph]]|date=July 24, 2012|access-date=July 28, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140820190923/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/mariah-carey-highest-paid-judge-16188867.html|archive-date=August 20, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="HGhls">{{Cite magazine|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/07/23/mariah-carey-american-idol/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|title=Mariah Carey Joins 'American Idol'|date=July 23, 2012|access-date=July 23, 2012|archive-date=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724205653/http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/07/23/mariah-carey-american-idol/|url-status=live}}</ref> Throughout the show there were on-set disagreements between Carey and fellow judge [[Nicki Minaj]].<ref name="iagqS">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20755472,00.html|title=Mariah Carey Hated Working at American Idol|magazine=People|date=November 13, 2013|access-date=November 14, 2013|archive-date=November 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224758/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20755472,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="oK2UH">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2013/11/13/mariah-carey-american-idol-hated/|title=Mariah Carey on 'American Idol' gig: 'Honestly, I hated it'|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 13, 2013|access-date=June 30, 2023|archive-date=June 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630035756/https://ew.com/article/2013/11/13/mariah-carey-american-idol-hated/|url-status=live}}</ref> Three years later, Carey did not make an appearance for its original series finale.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mariah-carey-says-american-idol-798771|title=Mariah Carey Says 'American Idol' "Was the Worst Experience of My Life"|last=Stone|first=Natalie|date=May 28, 2015|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|quote=When questioned if she would return for the upcoming season 15 American Idol series finale on the radio show, Carey declined: "Hell no! Absolutely not. That was the worst experience of my life."|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021080655/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mariah-carey-says-american-idol-798771|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/04/american-idol-finale-ratings-rent-harmon-la-porsha-renae-1201734105/|title='American Idol' Series Finale Ratings Match Season 15 Debut With Best Result Since 2013 – Update|last=Patten|first=Dominic|date=April 8, 2016|website=Deadline Hollywood|quote=Mariah Carey never made an appearance on the American Idol (3.0/10) series finale last night, but a lot of past judges, contestants and it turns out long-absent fans did.|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170550/https://deadline.com/2016/04/american-idol-finale-ratings-rent-harmon-la-porsha-renae-1201734105/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Carey appeared in [[Lee Daniels]]' film ''[[The Butler]]''<ref name="UXZgN">{{cite web|last=Brooks|first=Brian|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-joins-butler-lionsgate-aims-time-again-203039567.html|title=Mariah Carey Joins The Butler; Lionsgate Aims for Time and Again: Biz Break|publisher=Yahoo! Movies|date=July 26, 2012|access-date=June 1, 2013|archive-date=October 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017110722/http://movies.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-joins-butler-lionsgate-aims-time-again-203039567.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and had a guest role voicing as a [[redneck]] character on the adult animated series ''[[American Dad!]]''.<ref name="6IGLQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurweb.com/2013/08/mariah-carey-to-voice-redneck-on-american-dad/|title=Mariah Carey to Voice Redneck on 'American Dad'|publisher=EURweb|date=August 2, 2013|access-date=August 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804060509/http://www.eurweb.com/2013/08/mariah-carey-to-voice-redneck-on-american-dad/ |archive-date=August 4, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Artistry==
In February 2013, Carey recorded and released a song called "[[Almost Home (Mariah Carey song)|Almost Home]]", for the soundtrack of [[The Walt Disney Studios (division)|The Walt Disney Studios]] film ''[[Oz the Great and Powerful]]''. The video was directed by photographer [[David LaChapelle]].<ref name="4KW72">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1537996/mariah-carey-records-new-song-for-disneys-oz-the-great-and-powerful|title=Mariah Carey Records New Song for Disney's 'Oz The Great and Powerful'|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 14, 2013|archive-date=February 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209064956/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1537996/mariah-carey-records-new-song-for-disneys-oz-the-great-and-powerful|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dxIiW">{{cite news|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1702187/mariah-carey-almost-home-oz-song.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Goes 'Almost Home' On New 'Oz' Track|publisher=MTV News|date=February 19, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2013|archive-date=February 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222010838/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1702187/mariah-carey-almost-home-oz-song.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> For her 14th album, she worked with producers including [[DJ Clue?]], [[Randy Jackson]], Q-Tip, [[R. Kelly]], [[David Morales]], Afanasieff, Dupri, [[The-Dream]], and [[Da Brat]]. Carey told ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'': "It's about making sure I have tons of good music, because at the end of the day that's the most important thing... There are a lot more raw ballads than people might expect...there are also uptempo and signature-type songs that represent [my] different facets as an artist."<ref name="OGd7t">{{cite magazine|first=Gail|last=Mitchell|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/1550473/mariah-carey-recruits-the-dream-hit-boy-for-new-album-exclusive|title=Mariah Carey Recruits The-Dream, Hit-Boy For New Album: Exclusive|magazine=Billboard|date=March 1, 2013|access-date=April 24, 2013|archive-date=May 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509134312/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/1550473/mariah-carey-recruits-the-dream-hit-boy-for-new-album-exclusive|url-status=live}}</ref> The lead single, "[[Beautiful (Mariah Carey song)|Beautiful]]", featuring singer [[Miguel (singer)|Miguel]], was released on May 6, 2013, and peaked at number 15 on the Hot 100.<ref name="64VX5">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/09/video-mariah-carey-f-miguel-beautiful/|title=Video: Mariah Carey f/ Miguel – '#Beautiful'|magazine=Rap-Up|date=May 9, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2013|archive-date=July 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704231519/http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/09/video-mariah-carey-f-miguel-beautiful/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey taped a performance of "Beautiful" along with a medley of her greatest hits on May 15, 2013. This taping aired on the ''American Idol'' season finale the following day.<ref name="EY7gS">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/16/video-mariah-carey-performs-medley-on-american-idol-finale/|title=Mariah Carey Performs Medley on 'American Idol' Finale|magazine=Rap-Up|date=May 16, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2013|archive-date=October 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008201935/http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/16/video-mariah-carey-performs-medley-on-american-idol-finale/|url-status=live}}</ref> After multiple delays, The album, titled ''[[Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse]]'', was released on May 27, 2014.<ref name="hgG0W">{{cite magazine|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=Mariah Carey Announces 14th Album, 'Me. I Am Mariah...The Elusive Chanteuse'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6070396/mariah-carey-announces-14th-album-me-i-am-mariahthe-elusive|magazine=Billboard|date=May 1, 2014|access-date=September 10, 2014|archive-date=August 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824054648/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6070396/mariah-carey-announces-14th-album-me-i-am-mariahthe-elusive|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Musical style===
[[File:Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg|thumb|left|Carey at Edwards Air Force Base during the making of "I Still Believe" video in 1998]]
In October 2014, Carey announced an annual residency show [[All I Want for Christmas Is You: A Night of Joy and Festivity]]. Originally performed at the [[Beacon Theatre (New York City)|Beacon Theatre]] in [[New York City]], the residency began on December 15, 2014, and ended in 2019.<ref name="jTVtt">{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/title/mariah-announces-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-concerts-in-nyc/|title=Mariah announces All I Want For Christmas Is You Concerts in NYC|publisher=mariahcarey.com|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927164543/http://mariahcarey.com/news/title/mariah-announces-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-concerts-in-nyc|archive-date=September 27, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Laura|last=Emde|url=https://www.boston.com/culture/concert-reviews/2023/12/12/review-setlist-mariah-carey-td-garden/|title=Review & setlist: All Boston needs for Christmas is Mariah Carey at TD Garden|website=[[Boston.com]]|date=December 12, 2023|access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref>
Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as racism, [[social alienation]], death, [[Malnutrition|world hunger]], and [[spirituality]]. She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—[[NutraSweet]] soul. But her life has passion and conflict," applying it to the first stages of her career. He commented that as her albums progressed, so too her songwriting and music blossomed into more mature and meaningful material.<ref name=time>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,134725,00.html|title=Pop's Princess Grows Up|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Jim Faber of the ''[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]'', made similar comments, "For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2005-04-12/entertainment/18289697_1_voice-cover-singing|title=More Like a Screaming 'Mimi'|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=April 15, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> While reviewing ''Music Box'', Stephen Holden from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' commented that Carey sang with "sustained passion", while ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''{{'}}s Arion Berger wrote that during some vocal moments, Carey becomes "too overwhelmed to put her passion into words."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20272922,00.html|title=Mariah Carey: 'Emotions'|last=Berger|first=Arion|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 10, 1991|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In 2001, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' wrote in regards to what they considered Carey's "centerless ballads", writing, "Carey's [[Strawberry Shortcake]] soul still provides the template with which [[teen pop|teen-pop]] cuties draw curlicues around those centerless [[Diane Warren|[Diane] Warren]] ballads [...] it's largely because of [Blige] that the new R&B demands a greater range of emotional expression, smarter poetry, more from-the-gut testifying, and less [sic] unnecessary notes than the squeaky-clean and just plain squeaky Mariah era. Nowadays it's the [[Christina Aguilera]]s and [[Jessica Simpson]]s who awkwardly oversing, while the women with roof-raising lung power keep it in check when tune or lyric demands."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-09-04/music/marked-woman/|title=Marked Woman|last=Walters|first=Barry|work=[[The Village Voice]]|publisher=[[Village Voice Media]]|date=September 4, 2001|accessdate=September 18, 2011}}</ref>
=== 2015–2017: #1 to Infinity residency, television and film projects ===
Carey's output makes use of [[electronic musical instrument|electronic instruments]] such as [[drum machine]]s,<ref name=viber/> [[electronic keyboard|keyboards]] and synthesizers.<ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mariah-carey-emc2|title=Mariah Carey: E=MC² < Reviews |last=Sawey|first=Evan|work=[[PopMatters]]|date=May 1, 2008|accessdate=February 10, 2010}}</ref> Many of her songs contain piano-driven melodies,<ref name=rs>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariahs-e-mc2-a-first-listen-to-careys-eleventh-studio-album-20080228|title=Mariah's E=MC2: A First Listen to Carey's Eleventh Studio Album|last=Hoard|first=Christian|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Wenner Media|date=February 28, 2008|accessdate=August 8, 2011}}</ref> as she was given piano lessons when she was six years old.<ref name="nick3"/> Carey said that she cannot read [[sheet music]] and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less conventional [[melody|melodies]] and [[chord progression]]s using this technique.<ref name="nick3"/> While Carey learned to play the piano at a young age, and incorporates several ranges of production and instrumentation into her music, she has maintained that her voice has always been her most important asset: "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."<ref name="shapiro20"/> Carey began commissioning [[remix]]es of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes.<ref name=MTV-Oct2003>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/|title=Mariah: Remixes, Reunions and Russia|last=Norris|first=John|publisher=MTV|=|date=October 20, 2003|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Disc jockey [[David Morales]] has collaborated with Carey on several occasions, starting with "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing R&B songs into [[house music|house]] records, and which ''[[Slant Magazine|Slant]]'' magazine named one of the greatest dance songs of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060820164653/http://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp|archivedate=August 20, 2006|title=100 Greatest Dance Songs: 100–91|work=Slant Magazine|date=April 25, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> From "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]" (1995) onward, Carey enlisted both hip-hop and house producers to re-structure her album compositions.<ref name="shapiro17"/> ''Entertainment Weekly'' included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005: a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a [[Sean Combs]] production featuring rapper [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1048283,00.html|title=Gem Carey|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 11, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The latter has been credited with popularizing the R&B/hip-hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s, through artists such as [[Ashanti (entertainer)|Ashanti]] and [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]].<ref name=MTV-Oct2003/> Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you".<ref name=viberness>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Wy0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=knows+the+importance+of+mixes,+so+you+feel+like+you're+with+an+artist+who+appreciates+your+work%E2%80%94an+artist+who+wants+to+come+up+with+something+with+you&hl=en&ei=0oRPTs6aJMm1twfZkpGpBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=knows%20the%20importance%20of%20mixes%2C%20so%20you%20feel%20like%20you're%20with%20an%20artist%20who%20appreciates%20your%20work%E2%80%94an%20artist%20who%20wants%20to%20come%20up%20with%20something%20with%20you&f=false|title=Cinderella Stroy|last=Willis|first=Andrew|work=Vibe|publisher=InterMedia Partners|date=November 18, 1998|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref>
On January 30, 2015, it was announced that Carey had left [[Universal Music Group]]'s Def Jam Recordings to reunite with L.A. Reid and Sony Music via [[Epic Records]].<ref name="O7cwL">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2015/01/30/mariah-carey-reunites-with-la-reid-at-epic-records/|title=Mariah Carey reunites with L.A. Reid at Epic Records|magazine=[[Rap-Up]]|date=January 30, 2015|access-date=January 30, 2015|archive-date=January 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131221035/http://www.rap-up.com/2015/01/30/mariah-carey-reunites-with-la-reid-at-epic-records/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="7bGX3">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6457962/mariah-carey-epic-records-deal-la-reid-sony-music|title=The Inside Story of How Mariah Carey and L.A. Reid Reunited (at a Fraction of Her Former $80 Million Deal)|magazine=Billboard|date=January 30, 2015|access-date=January 30, 2015|first1=Shirley|last1=Halperin|first2=Andrew|last2=Hampp|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710050913/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6457962/mariah-carey-epic-records-deal-la-reid-sony-music|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9kecx">{{cite news|title=Mariah Carey announces Las Vegas residency|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/01/15/mariah-carey-announces-las-vegas-residency/|access-date=February 1, 2015|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=January 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116092047/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/01/15/mariah-carey-announces-las-vegas-residency/|archive-date=January 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey also announced her new [[Number 1 to Infinity (concert residency)|#1 to Infinity]] residency at [[The Colosseum at Caesars Palace]] in [[Las Vegas]] the same month.<ref name="OytFb">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6436789/mariah-carey-announces-caesars-palace-residency|title=Mariah Carey Announces Caesars Palace Residency|magazine=Billboard|date=January 15, 2015|access-date=April 23, 2015|archive-date=April 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408072810/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6436789/mariah-carey-announces-caesars-palace-residency|url-status=live}}</ref> To coincide with the residency, Carey released ''[[Number 1 to Infinity|#1 to Infinity]]'', a [[greatest hits]] [[compilation album]] containing all of her eighteen ''Billboard'' Hot 100 number one singles at the time, along with a new recording, "[[Infinity (Mariah Carey song)|Infinity]]", which was released as a single on April 27.<ref name="PzgG0">{{cite magazine|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=Mariah Carey Announces Release Date, Tracklist For '#1 To Infinity'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6531609/mariah-carey-release-date-tracklist-1-to-infinity|access-date=April 23, 2015|magazine=Billboard|date=April 13, 2015|archive-date=April 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417001629/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6531609/mariah-carey-release-date-tracklist-1-to-infinity|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015 Carey had her [[directorial debut]] for the [[Hallmark Channel]] Christmas movie ''[[A Christmas Melody]]'', in which she also performed as one of the main characters.<ref name="ID3nD">{{cite news|last=Motsinger|first=Carol|title=1746 43 3 Mariah Carey Christmas movie filming in Cincinnati|url=http://www.cincinnati.com/story/entertainment/movies/2015/10/07/mariah-carey-christmas-movie-filming-cincinnati/73507388/|access-date=October 7, 2015|newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]|date=October 7, 2015|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016011611/http://www.cincinnati.com/story/entertainment/movies/2015/10/07/mariah-carey-christmas-movie-filming-cincinnati/73507388/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2015, Carey announced [[The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour]] which spanned a total of 27-dates beginning in March 2016, marking Carey's first major tour of mainland Europe in 13 years. Four stops included shows in South Africa.<ref name="gqfpe">{{cite web|url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/tour|title=Tours|publisher=mariahcarey.com|access-date=January 6, 2016|archive-date=September 20, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920042246/http://www.mariahcarey.com/tour|url-status=dead}}</ref> The tour grossed $30.3 million.<ref name="Pollstar 2016 Year End">{{cite magazine|title=2016 Year End Top 100 Worldwide Tours|url=https://www.pollstarpro.com/files/Charts2016/2016YearEndTop100WorldwideTours.pdf#page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513071726/https://www.pollstarpro.com/files/Charts2016/2016YearEndTop100WorldwideTours.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 13, 2017|magazine=Pollstar|access-date=July 15, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey 2016 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Carey attending Elton John's [[Academy Awards]] Party in February 2016]]
===Voice and timbre===
{{Quote box|width=350px|align=right|quote="I have [[Vocal fold nodule|nodules]] on my vocal cords. My mother says I've had them since I was a kid. That's why I have the high register and the belting register and I can still be husky. A lot of people couldn't sing through the nodules the way I do; I've learned to sing ''through'' my vocal cords. The only thing that really affects my voice is sleep. Sometimes if I'm exhausted, I can't hit the really high notes. My doctors showed me my vocal cords and why I can hit those high notes. It's a certain part of the cord that not many people use—the very top. My natural voice is low. I have a raspy voice. I'm really more of an [[alto]]. But my airy voice can be high if I'm rested. [...] When I was little, I'd talk in this really high whisper, and my mom would be like, 'You're being ridiculous'. I thought if I can talk like that I can sing like that. So I started just messing around with it. I'd practice and practice, and she'd be like, 'You're gonna hurt yourself'. I'd tell her, it doesn't hurt. If I were to try and belt two octaves lower than that, that would be a strain."|source=—Carey on her usage of the [[whistle register]]<ref name=vinsky/><ref>{{cite web|first=Choire |last=Sicha |url=http://www.theawl.com/2009/07/is-mariah-careys-voice-just-done-for |title=Is Mariah Carey's Voice Just Done For? |publisher=The Awl |date=July 8, 2009 |accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref>
}}
Mariah Carey possesses a [[Vocal range|five-octave vocal range]],<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F8F8CB38C60AA77&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Who Can Carey a Tune?|last=Zwecker|first=Bill|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=January 22, 2002|accessdate=June 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10EC2F88C5EE2870&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Roll Over Elvis - Mariah is Here|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|publisher=[[Philadelphia Media Holdings]]|date=March 20, 2008|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/983024561.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05%2C+2006&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+GLOBE+STAFF&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=CAREY%2C+ON!&pqatl=google|title=Carey, On!|last=Anderson|first=Joan|work=Boston Globe|date=February 6, 2006|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and has the ability to reach notes beyond the 7th<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/90254402.html?dids=90254402:90254402&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+28%2C+1990&author=&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=HER+7-OCTAVE+VOICE+FINALLY+GETS+NOTICED&pqatl=google|title=Her 7-Octave Voice Finally Gets Noticed|last=Harris|first=James|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=August 28, 1990|accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77383942.html?dids=77383942:77383942&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+12%2C+1990&author=Wayne+Robins&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=Columbia's+New+`Franchise'&pqatl=google|title=Columbia's New 'Franchise'|last=Robins|first=Wayne|work=[[Newsday]]|publisher=[[Cablevision]]|date=August 12, 1990}}</ref> octave. Referred to as the "songbird supreme" by the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'',<ref name="James">{{harvnb|James|1998|p=74}}</ref> she was ranked first in a 2003 MTV and ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'' magazine countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, as voted by fans and readers in an online poll. Carey said of the poll, "What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that way about myself."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/31/1048962696862.html|title=Princess Positive is Taking Care of Inner Mariah|last=Oleman|first=Sarah|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=April 1, 2003|accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref> She also placed second in ''Cove'' magazine's list of "The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists".<ref name="100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists">{{cite web|url=http://celebrities-group.popsugar.com/100-Outstanding-Pop-Vocalists-1659579|title=100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists |work=Cove|publisher=Cove Media Company|date=May 24, 2008|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
On March 15, 2016, Carey announced that she was filming ''[[Mariah's World]]'', a [[docu-series]] for the [[E!]] network documenting her Sweet Sweet Fantasy tour and her wedding planning process. Carey told ''The New York Times'', "I thought it would be a good opportunity to kind of, like, show my personality and who I am, even though I feel like my real fans have an idea of who I am... A lot of people have misperceptions about this and that."<ref name="ptMfl">{{Cite news|last=Koblin|first=John|title=Mariah Carey to star in a series for E!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/arts/television/mariah-carey-to-star-in-a-series-for-e.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur&_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=August 13, 2017|date=March 15, 2016|archive-date=August 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130740/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/arts/television/mariah-carey-to-star-in-a-series-for-e.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur&_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> The series premiered on December 4, 2016.<ref name="mlAXm">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-mariahs-world-mariah-carey-e-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html|title=It's 'Mariah's World' and everyone else is just living in it|date=August 3, 2016|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Libby|last=Hill|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-date=September 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917203122/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-mariahs-world-mariah-carey-e-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey guest starred on the musical drama ''[[Empire (2015 TV series)|Empire]]'', as a superstar singer named Kitty and sung the song "Infamous" featuring [[Jussie Smollett]].<ref name="LegLR">{{cite news|last=Bentley|first=Jean|title=Empire Needed Much More Mariah Carey|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/800128/empire-needed-much-more-mariah-carey|publisher=E!|access-date=October 6, 2016|date=October 6, 2016|archive-date=October 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006090148/http://www.eonline.com/news/800128/empire-needed-much-more-mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 5, 2016, Carey participated in the ''[[VH1 Divas#VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night|VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night]]'' benefit concert, alongside [[Vanessa Williams]], [[Chaka Khan]], [[Patti LaBelle]], and [[Teyana Taylor]].<ref name="vh1.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.vh1.com/news/9a8h2a/mariah-carey-vh1-divas-holiday|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701083541/https://www.vh1.com/news/9a8h2a/mariah-carey-vh1-divas-holiday|url-status=live|archive-date=July 1, 2022|title=Mariah Carey to Perform at VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night|publisher=[[VH1]]|first=Jasmine|last=Washington|date=November 3, 2016|access-date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> On December 31, 2016, Carey's performance on ''[[Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve]]'' in [[Times Square]] received worldwide attention after technical difficulties caused her [[in-ear monitor]]s to malfunction, resulting in what ''The New York Times'' referred to as a "performance train wreck."<ref name="5eqQz">{{Cite news|title=Mariah Carey's New Year's Eve Nightmare in Times Square|first=Patrick|last=Healy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/arts/music/mariah-carey-new-years-eve-times-square.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101113504/http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/arts/music/mariah-carey-new-years-eve-times-square.html |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 1, 2017|access-date=January 1, 2017}}</ref> She said her inability to hear the music without in-ear auditory feedback caused the mishap.<ref name="6gRlu">{{cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey Team: Here's What Really Happened|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|url=https://www.yahoo.com/tv/mariah-carey-team-heres-what-really-happened-223218030.html|via=Yahoo!|date=January 2, 2017|access-date=January 3, 2017|archive-date=January 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103023529/https://www.yahoo.com/tv/mariah-carey-team-heres-what-really-happened-223218030.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's representatives and [[Dick Clark Productions]] placed blame on each other.<ref name="NbZL3">{{cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey's Rep Says 'Rockin' Eve' Producers 'Set Her Up to Fail'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7640608/mariah-carey-rep-technical-problems-bungle-new-years-show-dick-clark|magazine=Billboard|date=January 1, 2017|access-date=January 1, 2017|first=Michele Amabile|last=Angermiller|archive-date=January 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102013500/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7640608/mariah-carey-rep-technical-problems-bungle-new-years-show-dick-clark|url-status=live}}</ref>
Regarding her [[voice type]], Carey said that she is an [[alto]], though several critics have described her as a [[soprano]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SB&p_theme=sb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB048008F89C5E3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Separated At Birth?|last=Hoven|first=Chris|work=[[The Sacramento Bee]]|date=October 13, 2000|accessdate=August 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesunion.com/entertainment/article/New-CDs-558082.php|title=New CDs|work=[[Times Union (Albany)|Times Union]]|date=October 13, 2000|accessdate=August 12, 2012}}</ref><ref name="books.google.ca">{{Cite book|title=Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush |last=Dean |first= Maury|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2003|publisher= Algora Publishing|location= |isbn= 0-87586-207-1|page= 34|url= http://books.google.com/?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&dq=Rock-N-Roll+Gold+Rush+mariah+carey&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&q=whitney+houston#PPA34,M1}}</ref> However, within contemporary forms of music, singers are classified by the [[music style|style of music]] they sing. There is currently no authoritative voice classification system within non-classical music.<ref name="Peckham"/> Attempts have been made to adopt classical voice type terms to other forms of singing, but they are controversial,<ref name="Peckham">{{harvnb|Peckham|2005|p=117}}</ref> because the development of classic voice categorizations were made with the understanding that the singer would amplify his or her voice with their natural resonators, without a [[microphone]].<ref name="Appleman">{{harvnb|Appleman|1986|p=434}}</ref>
On February 3, 2017, Carey released the single "[[I Don't (Mariah Carey song)|I Don't]]" featuring [[YG (rapper)|YG]].<ref name="Billboard Artwork">{{cite magazine|last=Platton|first=Adelle|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7676270/mariah-carey-yg-i-dont-cover-art|title=Mariah Carey Reveals Cover Art for YG-Assisted 'I Don't'|magazine=Billboard|date=January 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205122048/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7676270/mariah-carey-yg-i-dont-cover-art|url-status=live|archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Later that month, she voiced the Mayor of Gotham City in the animated film ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]''.<ref name="CareyCast">{{cite magazine|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|title=Mariah Carey Joins 'The Lego Batman Movie'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/mariah-carey-joins-lego-batman-838356|access-date=November 10, 2015|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=November 9, 2015|archive-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112003943/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/mariah-carey-joins-lego-batman-838356|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2017, Carey made a cameo in the comedy film ''[[Girls Trip]]''<ref name="OxmbP">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/07/12/girls-trip-ew-review/|title=''Girls Trip'' is raucous, raunchy fun: EW review|first=Devan|last=Coggan|date=July 12, 2017|access-date=August 13, 2017|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|archive-date=August 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812193821/http://ew.com/movies/2017/07/12/girls-trip-ew-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> and embarked on a tour with Lionel Richie, titled, [[All the Hits Tour (Lionel Richie and Mariah Carey)|All the Hits Tour]].<ref name="MAqsy">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7718051/lionel-richie-mariah-carey-rescheduled-concert-dates|title=Lionel Richie & Mariah Carey Announce Rescheduled Tour Dates|first=Dave|last=Brooks|date=March 9, 2017|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 13, 2017|archive-date=August 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814045318/http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7718051/lionel-richie-mariah-carey-rescheduled-concert-dates|url-status=live}}</ref> She was also featured in the official remix for [[French Montana]]'s single "[[Unforgettable (French Montana song)|Unforgettable]]", alongside [[Swae Lee]].<ref name="jwRwY">{{cite magazine|last=Lamarre|first=Carl|title=Mariah Carey Adds Her Sweet Touch to French Montana's Acoustic 'Unforgettable (Remix)': Listen|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7942002/french-montana-unforgettable-remix-mariah-carey|magazine=Billboard|access-date=October 23, 2017|archive-date=August 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829004935/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7942002/french-montana-unforgettable-remix-mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2017, Carey released a new soundtrack single, "[[The Star (Mariah Carey song)|The Star]]", for the [[The Star (2017 film)|movie of the same name]]<ref name="1H5vo">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7881128/mariah-carey-the-star-movie-trailer-new-song|title=Mariah Carey Offers Up a Taste of New Christmas Song in 'The Star' Teaser Trailer|magazine=Billboard|first=Liza|last=Shcherbakova|date=July 26, 2017|access-date=August 12, 2017|archive-date=July 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730094403/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7881128/mariah-carey-the-star-movie-trailer-new-song|url-status=live}}</ref> She also voiced a hen named Rebecca in the film.<ref>{{cite news|title=WATCH: Mariah Carey's 'The Star' video released|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/251206/watch-mariah-careys-star-video-released|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=November 19, 2017|access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> The song was nominated for the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] at the [[75th Golden Globe Awards]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/|title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=December 11, 2017|magazine=Variety|access-date=January 1, 2018|archive-date=December 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214021531/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey additionally developed an animated Christmas film, ''[[All I Want for Christmas Is You (film)|Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You]]'', for which she recorded an original song called "Lil' Snowman". The film was released [[direct-to-video]] on November 14, 2017.<ref name="ws5Lf">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-to-become-film-w473081|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' to Become Animated Film|first=Brittany|last=Spanos|date=March 21, 2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=August 12, 2017|archive-date=November 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129102541/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-to-become-film-w473081|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="f7onU">{{cite magazine|last=Holub|first=Christian|title=Watch the first trailer for Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You movie|url=https://ew.com/music/2017/09/06/mariah-carey-christmas-movie-trailer/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=October 23, 2017|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230143/http://ew.com/music/2017/09/06/mariah-carey-christmas-movie-trailer/|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 31, 2017, Carey returned to perform on ''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve'' after the technical difficulties that hindered her previous performance, in what ''The New York Times'' described as a "made-for-television act of pop culture redemption".<ref>{{cite news|last=Deb|first=Sopan|title=Mariah Carey Redeems Herself on New Year's Eve in Times Square|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/01/arts/mariah-carey-new-years-eve.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101060656/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/01/arts/mariah-carey-new-years-eve.html |archive-date=January 1, 2018 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=September 17, 2018|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 1, 2018}}</ref>
Jon Pareles of ''The New York Times'' describes Carey's lower register as a "rich, husky alto" that extends to "dog-whistle high notes".<ref name=nytreview>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/arts/review-pop-venturing-outside-the-studio-mariah-carey-proves-her-mettle.html|title=Review/Pop; Venturing Outside the Studio, Mariah Carey Proves Her Mettle|last=Pareles|first=Jon|work=The New York Times|date=December 13, 1993|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Carey also possesses a "whisper register". In an interview with the singer, Ron Givens of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described it this way, "In one brief swoop, she seems to squeal and roar at the same time: whisper register."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317869,00.html|title=Vision of Loveliness|last=Givens|first=Ron|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 9, 1991|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, towards the late 1990s, Carey began incorporating [[Breathy voice|breathy vocals]] into her material.<ref name=charm>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2535321.stm|title=Carey Charm Offensive|last=Levell|first=Tim|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=December 2, 2002|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Tim Levell from the BBC News described her vocals as "sultry close-to-the-mic breathiness",<ref name=charm/> while ''USA Today''{{'}}s Elysa Gardner wrote "it's impossible to deny the impact her vocal style, a florid blend of breathy riffing and resonant belting, has had on today's young pop and R&B stars."<ref name=gold>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2002-12-02-charmbracelet_x.htm|title=Carey Sounds Like 'Gold' on 'Charmbracelet'|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannet Company|date=December 22, 2002|accessdate=August 3, 2011}}</ref>
=== 2018–2019: ''Caution'' and ''Merry Christmas'' reissue ===
Her sense of pitch is admired<ref name=nytreview /> and Jon Pareles adds "she can linger over sensual turns, growl with playful confidence, syncopate like a [[scat singing|scat singer]]... with startlingly exact pitch."<ref name=nytreview />
[[File:MariahRAH270519-51 (49620845103) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|upright|Carey performing on her [[Caution World Tour]] in Amsterdam, June 2019]]
In July 2018, Carey embarked on a new Las Vegas residency, [[The Butterfly Returns]], which received critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Carr|first=Mary Kate|title=Mariah Carey announces new Las Vegas residency 'The Butterfly Returns'|url=https://ew.com/music/2018/04/30/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=March 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306183138/https://ew.com/music/2018/04/30/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sheckells|first=Melinda|title=Mariah Carey Kicks Off Her 'The Butterfly Returns' Vegas Residency With Strong Opening Weekend|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8464350/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns-review|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 17, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308212554/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8464350/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns-review|url-status=live}}</ref> Its first 12 shows in 2018 grossed $3.6 million, with dates later extending into 2019 and 2020.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Top 10 Highest Grossing Las Vegas Residencies Of All Time: Celine Dion, Britney Spears, Elton John and More|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8491648/highest-grossing-las-vegas-residencies|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 28, 2018|date=December 27, 2018|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205194734/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8491648/highest-grossing-las-vegas-residencies|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the residency, Carey embarked on her [[Mariah Carey: Live in Concert]] tour in Asia and returned to Europe with her All I Want for Christmas Is You concert series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mariah Carey adds Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to 2018 Asia tour|url=https://asialive365.com/mariah-carey-kl-singapore-2018/|website=Asia Live 365|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710053009/https://asialive365.com/mariah-carey-kl-singapore-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ellwood-Hughes|first=Pip|title=Mariah Carey is bringing her All I Want for Christmas Is You Tour back to Europe this December|url=https://www.entertainment-focus.com/music-section/music-news/mariah-carey-is-bringing-her-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-tour-back-to-europe-this-december/|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=June 4, 2018|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710051242/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/music-section/music-news/mariah-carey-is-bringing-her-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-tour-back-to-europe-this-december/|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, Carey announced plans to release her fifteenth studio album later in the year.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gillespie|first=Katherine|title=Mariah Carey Is Releasing New Music|url=http://www.papermag.com/mariah-carey-new-song-gtfo-2604261274.html|magazine=[[Paper (magazine)|Paper]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=September 12, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307192758/https://www.papermag.com/mariah-carey-new-song-gtfo-2604261274.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=LEGENDARY GLOBAL ICON MARIAH CAREY RETURNS WITH NEW MUSIC|url=https://www.epicrecords.com/legendary-global-icon-mariah-carey-returns-with-new-music/|publisher=[[Epic Records]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308150813/https://www.epicrecords.com/legendary-global-icon-mariah-carey-returns-with-new-music/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The project was announced alongside the release of a new song titled "[[GTFO (song)|GTFO]]",<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yoo|first1=Noah|last2=Monroe|first2=Jazz|title=Mariah Carey Returns With New Song From Album Out This Year: Listen|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-returns-with-new-song-from-album-out-this-year-listen/|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308081023/https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-returns-with-new-song-from-album-out-this-year-listen/|url-status=live}}</ref> which she performed on September 21, 2018, when she headlined the 2018 [[iHeartRadio Music Festival]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Aniftos|first=Rania|title=Justin Timberlake, Mariah Carey, Jack White & Carrie Underwood Lead iHeartRadio Music Festival 2018 Lineup|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/festivals/8459350/iheartradio-music-festival-2018-lineup-justin-timberlake-mariah-carey|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=June 5, 2018|archive-date=September 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921002634/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/festivals/8459350/iheartradio-music-festival-2018-lineup-justin-timberlake-mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> The album's lead single, "[[With You (Mariah Carey song)|With You]]", was released in October and performed for the first time at the [[American Music Awards of 2018]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey Performs New Single 'With You' for the First on TV at 2018 AMAs|url=https://www.billboard.com/video/mariah-carey-performs-new-single-with-you-for-the-first-on-tv-at-2018-amas-billboard-news|magazine=Billboard|access-date=October 16, 2018|date=October 9, 2018|archive-date=June 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611013418/https://www.billboard.com/video/mariah-carey-performs-new-single-with-you-for-the-first-on-tv-at-2018-amas-billboard-news|url-status=live}}</ref> It became Carey's highest-charting non-holiday song on the US [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary]] chart since "We Belong Together" in 2005. This was followed by a second single, "[[A No No]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8496466/mariah-carey-with-you-top-10-adult-contemporary-chart|title=Mariah Carey's 'With You' Becomes Her 23rd Top 10 on Adult Contemporary Chart|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=February 4, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 5, 2019|archive-date=February 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205012057/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8496466/mariah-carey-with-you-top-10-adult-contemporary-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> The album, titled ''[[Caution (Mariah Carey album)|Caution]]'', was released on November 16, 2018, and received universal acclaim from critics. Though it debuted at number five on the ''Billboard'' 200, it became her lowest-selling album to date and ultimately was her final release with [[Epic Records]]; she quietly left the label sometime in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/caution/mariah-carey|title=Caution by Mariah Carey Critic Reviews and Tracks|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=January 1, 2019|archive-date=November 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117104856/https://www.metacritic.com/music/caution/mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> By December 2018, the album had been featured on numerous year-end lists by music critics and publications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-10-best-albums-of-2018|title=Best of 2018: Music Critic Top Ten Lists|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 1, 2019|archive-date=January 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118141439/https://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-10-best-albums-of-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Influences===
Carey has said that from childhood she has been influenced by [[Billie Holiday]], [[Sarah Vaughan]], and R&B and soul musicians such as [[Gladys Knight]] and [[Aretha Franklin]].<ref name=black>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xcwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA54&dq=Mariah+Carey:+'Not+another+White+girl+trying+to+sing+Black&hl=en&ei=AZZPTpG9Do6CtgfGnNSsBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mariah%20Carey%3A%20'Not%20another%20White%20girl%20trying%20to%20sing%20Black&f=false|title=Not Another White Girl Trying to Sing Black|last=Norent|first=Lynn|work=Ebony|publisher=Johnson Publishing|date=March 12, 1991|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Her music contains strong influences of [[gospel music]], and she credits [[The Clark Sisters]], [[Shirley Caesar]] and [[Edwin Hawkins]] as the most influential in her early years.<ref name=black/> When Carey incorporated hip-hop into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told ''[[Newsweek]]'', "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music".{{sfn|Shapiro|2001|p=124}} She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as [[The Sugarhill Gang]], [[Eric B. & Rakim]], the [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] and [[Mobb Deep]], with whom she collaborated on the single "[[The Roof (Back in Time)]]" (1998).<ref name=vinsky/> Carey was heavily influenced by [[Minnie Riperton]], and began experimenting with the whistle register due to her original practice of the range.<ref name=vinsky/>
In February 2019, Carey commenced the [[Caution World Tour]] in support of the album.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kelly |first=Tetris |title=Mariah Carey Kicks Off Caution World Tour With Resplendent Dallas Show: Watch Highlights |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/concerts/8500711/mariah-carey-caution-world-tour-dallas-concert-opening-night |magazine=Billboard |access-date=March 20, 2019 |date=March 2019 |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715164131/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/concerts/8500711/mariah-carey-caution-world-tour-dallas-concert-opening-night |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in 2019, Carey engaged in a series of business and television ventures. On September 18, 2019, Carey released "[[In the Mix (Mariah Carey song)|In the Mix]]", the theme song for the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] sitcom ''[[Mixed-ish]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8530291/mariah-carey-mixed-ish-theme-song-in-the-mix-music-video|title=Mariah Carey Unveils 'Mixed-Ish' Theme Song, 'In the Mix': Watch the Music Video|date=September 17, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=October 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028153137/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8530291/mariah-carey-mixed-ish-theme-song-in-the-mix-music-video|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 1, 2019, Carey re-released her holiday album ''Merry Christmas'' for its 25th anniversary. The album package included the original album and another disc which include live performances from Carey's 1994 concert at [[St. John the Divine]] Church, several tracks from ''Merry Christmas II You'', as well as other stand-alone singles such as "Lil Snowman" and "The Star".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8542005/mariah-carey-christmas-deluxe-album-video-unreleased-footage|title=It's November 1st, and Mariah Carey Has Decided 'It's Time' For Christmas With a Few Early Presents For Fans|date=November 1, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027153156/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8542005/mariah-carey-christmas-deluxe-album-video-unreleased-footage|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 5, 2019, it was announced that a mini-documentary titled ''Mariah Carey Is Christmas!'', charting the creation and subsequent cultural legacy of "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was to be produced and broadcast on Amazon Music; it premiered later that month.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-amazon-documentary-921853/|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' Gets Its Own Amazon Documentary|last=Shaffer|first=Claire|date=December 4, 2019|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105013416/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-amazon-documentary-921853/|url-status=live}}</ref> Peaking at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for the first time the same year, the song ended up giving Carey her nineteenth chart-topper in the US.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|title=Mariah Carey Is First Artist No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 in Four Decades|date=December 30, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=December 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231213359/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|url-status=live}}</ref>
During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to [[Whitney Houston]], who she has also cited as an influence,<ref name=FOX>{{Cite news| first= Roger | last= Friedman | title= Mariah Calls, Whitney Falls |date=December 18, 2002| publisher= Fox News Channel | url= http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,73318,00.html|accessdate=April 25, 2009 }}</ref> and [[Celine Dion]]. Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails [...] virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature [[middle of the road (music)|MOR]] [[torch song]]".<ref name="Mul">{{harvnb|Mulholland|2009|p=57}}</ref> Author and writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of [[Barbra Streisand]]'s "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection".<ref name="Mul"/> Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was "schmaltzy MOR".<ref name="Mul"/> Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey co-writes and produces her own songs.<ref name="James"/>
=== 2020–2023: ''The Rarities'' and ''The Meaning of Mariah Carey'' ===
==Legacy==
In January 2020, it was announced that Carey would be inducted into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref name=Inducted>{{Cite magazine |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Mariah Carey to be inducted into Songwriters Hall of Fame |url=https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116201213/https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey celebrated the 30th anniversary of her debut album through 2020, in a promotional campaign billed "#MC30".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |title=Mariah Carey Shares Cryptic Teaser For 30th Anniversary Celebration of Debut Album |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9418743/mariah-carey-shares-debut-album-anniversary-teaser |magazine=Billboard |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929023858/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9418743/mariah-carey-shares-debut-album-anniversary-teaser |url-status=live }}</ref> The first release consisted of the live EP ''[[The Live Debut – 1990]]'' which was released on July 17, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Haylock |first=Zoe |title=Mariah Carey Launches a Weekly Celebration of Mariah Carey |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/07/mariah-carey-new-live-album-mc30.html |website=Vulture |date=July 17, 2020 |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822073718/https://www.vulture.com/2020/07/mariah-carey-new-live-album-mc30.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Her memoir, ''The Meaning of Mariah Carey'' which was co-written with [[Michaela Angela Davis]], was published in September of the same year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Macpherson|first=Alex|date=September 29, 2020|title=The Meaning of Mariah Carey review – fascinating memoir by a misunderstood star|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/29/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-review-fascinating-memoir-by-a-misunderstood-star|access-date=October 3, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=October 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003025108/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/29/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-review-fascinating-memoir-by-a-misunderstood-star|url-status=live}}</ref> The memoir reached number one on [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''The New York Times'' Best Seller list]] after its first week of release. On October 2, 2020, Carey released a compilation album titled ''[[The Rarities (Mariah Carey album)|The Rarities]]'', which includes rare and unreleased songs that Carey recorded at various stages of her career.<ref name="SAVETHEDAYMARIAH">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9458773/mariah-carey-the-rarities-stream-it-now|title=Mariah Carey Unveils 'The Rarities': Stream It Now|access-date=November 5, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027185549/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9458773/mariah-carey-the-rarities-stream-it-now/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its songs included "[[Save the Day (Mariah Carey song)|Save the Day]]" featuring [[Lauryn Hill]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9437856/mariah-carey-save-the-day-lauryn-hill|title=Mariah Carey's Ms. Lauryn Hill Collab 'Save the Day' Is Here: Stream It Now|date=August 21, 2020|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823232157/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9437856/mariah-carey-save-the-day-lauryn-hill|url-status=live}}</ref> and a cover of [[Irene Cara]]'s "[[Out Here on My Own]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9451590/mariah-carey-releases-fame-cover-out-here-on-my-own|title=Mariah Carey Wasn't Kidding About Loving 'Fame,' Listen to Her Irene Cara Cover|access-date=November 5, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=October 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003020215/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9451590/mariah-carey-releases-fame-cover-out-here-on-my-own|url-status=live}}</ref> At the end of October, Carey was featured on [[Busta Rhymes]]' single "[[Where I Belong (Busta Rhymes song)|Where I Belong]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/9476510/busta-rhymes-mariah-carey-where-i-belong/|title=Busta Rhymes Reunites With Mariah Carey on 'Where I Belong'|access-date=November 8, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212034902/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/9476510/busta-rhymes-mariah-carey-where-i-belong/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's 2020 [[Christmas special]], ''[[Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special]]'', premiered on December 4, 2020, on [[Apple TV+]] along with a soundtrack. A new version of Carey's 2010 song "[[Oh Santa!]]", featuring [[Ariana Grande]] and [[Jennifer Hudson]], was released as a single the same day.<ref name="ChristmasSpecial2020">{{Cite web|title="Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special" debuts Friday, December 4 on Apple TV+|url=https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/news/2020/11/mariah-careys-magical-christmas-special-debuts-friday-december-4-on-apple-tv-together-with-the-full-companion-soundtrack-exclusively-on-apple-music|publisher=[[Apple TV+]] Press|access-date=November 20, 2020|date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=November 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118140644/https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/news/2020/11/mariah-careys-magical-christmas-special-debuts-friday-december-4-on-apple-tv-together-with-the-full-companion-soundtrack-exclusively-on-apple-music/|url-status=live}}</ref> "All I Want for Christmas Is You" topped the UK chart for the first time that month, becoming her third number one in the nation,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/all-the-number-1-singles__7931/|title=All The Number 1 Singles|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=July 12, 2024|access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> and spent an unprecedented 69 weeks in its top 40 before reaching the summit.<ref>{{cite web|first=Rob|last=Copsey|title=Mariah Carey's All I Want for Christmas is You finally reaches UK Number 1, sets Official Chart record |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-finally-reaches-uk-number-1-sets-official-chart-record__31838/|publisher=Official Charts Company|date=December 11, 2020|access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey Neighborhood Ball in downtown Washington 2009 cropped.JPG|thumb|200x50|left|Carey performing "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" live during The Neighborhood Inaugural Ball for President Obama.]]
Carey's vocal style and singing ability have significantly impacted popular and contemporary music. As music critic G. Brown from ''[[The Denver Post]]'' wrote, "For better or worse, Mariah Carey's five-octave range and melismatic style have influenced a generation of pop singers."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sun_sentinel/access/390123241.html?dids=390123241:390123241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+29%2C+2003&author=G.+Brown++The+Denver+Post&pub=South+Florida+Sun+-+Sentinel&desc=CAREYED+AWAY+THE+SINGER+WITH+THE+FANTASTIC+VOCAL+RANGE+BELTS+OUT+SONGS+WITH+TECHNICAL+PRECISION+AND+TOO+LITTLE+FEELING.&pqatl=google|title=Careyed away the singer with fantastic vocal range belts out songs with technical precision and too little feeling|last=Brown|first=G.|date=August 23, 2003|accessdate=October 31, 2011|work=[[The Denver Post]]|publisher=MediaNews Group}}</ref> According to ''Rolling Stone'', "Her mastery of melisma, the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "[[Vision of Love]]", inspired the entire ''[[American Idol]]'' vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the Nineties."<ref name=great>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|title=100 Greatest Singers of All Time – Mariah Carey|accessdate=October 31, 2011|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Wenner Media}}</ref> Jody Rosen of ''[[Slate Magazine]]'' wrote of Carey's influence in modern music, calling her the most influential vocal stylist of the last two decades, the person who made rococo melismatic singing.<ref name="slate.com">{{cite web|last=Rosen |first=Jody |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2190184/ |title=Why The Haters Are Wrong About Mariah Carey|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=April 13, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2011}}</ref> Rosen further exemplified Carey's influence by drawing parallel with American Idol, which to her, "often played out as a clash of melisma-mad Mariah wannabes. And, today, nearly 20 years after Carey's debut, major labels continue to bet the farm on young stars such as the winner of Britain's X Factor show, [[Leona Lewis]], with her Generation Next gloss on Mariah's big voice and big hair."<ref name="slate.com"/> Sean Daly of ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]'' wrote, "Depending on how you feel about public humiliation, the best/worst parts of American Idol are the audition shows, which normally break down into three distinct parts:(1) The Talented Kids.(2) The Weird Kids.(3) The Mariahs." Daly further commented, "The Mariahs are the hardest ones to watch, mainly because most of them think they're reeeaaally good. The poor, disillusioned hopefuls plant themselves in front of judges [[Simon Cowell]], [[Paula Abdul]] and [[Randy Jackson]] – then proceed to stretch, break and mutilate every note of a song, often Mariah's Hero, a tune that has ruined more throats than smoker's cough."<ref name="npr.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6791133|title=How 'American Idol' Uses (and Abuses) Melisma|last=Katzif|first=Michael|publisher=[[NPR Music]]|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> ''New York Magazine's'' editor Roger Deckker said that in regarding Carey as an influential artist in music, he commented that "Whitney Houston may have introduced melisma (the vocally acrobatic style of lending a word an extra syllable or twenty) to the charts, but it was Mariah—with her jaw-dropping range—who made it into America's default sound."<ref name="nymag1">{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16905/|title=The Most Influential People in Music |work=New York|publisher=New York Media|date=May 7, 2006|accessdate=October 31, 2011}}</ref> Deckker also added that "Every time you turn on American Idol, you are watching her children".<ref name="nymag1"/> Despite her vocal prowess, Carey's vocal technique particularly with the use of [[melisma]] and [[belting (music)|belting]], has been subject to public scrutiny mainly because of young singers such as from talent shows have been overly imitating her singing technique in which critics commented "Mariah Carey is, without a doubt, the worst thing to happen to amateur singing since the karaoke machine".<ref name="npr.org"/> As Professor Katherine L. Meizel noted in her book, ''The Mediation of Identity Politics in American Idol'', "Carey's influence not just stops in the emulation of melisma or her singing amongst the wannabe's, it's also her persona, her diva, her stardom which inspires them.... a pre-fame conic look."<ref>Katherine L. Meizel, 2002, p. 83</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey Toronto 2022 2.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Carey performing at [[Scotiabank Arena]] in December 2022]]
{{quote box|align=right|width=30%|quote=The problem, however, is that for all her talent, the 36-year-old is first and foremost a STAR, the very epitome of pop opulence in today's celebrity-dependent culture. And thus, millions of young women and men wake up every morning and figure that, simply by imitating Carey's vocal derring-do, they too can wind up on the cover of People or on MTV Cribs or on the arm of record mogul Tommy Mottola.|source=—Sean Daly from ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]'' commenting on Carey's popularity and influence on aspiring singers and on worldwide talent shows.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2006/08/03/Weekend/You_re_no_Mariah.shtml|title=You're No Mariah!|last=Daly|first=Sean|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=October 3, 2006|accessdate=October 31, 2011}}</ref>
}}
In July 2021, Carey was featured on the track "[[Somewhat Loved]]" from [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]]' debut studio album ''[[Jam & Lewis: Volume One]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Heran |last=Mamo |title=Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis Are Reuniting With Mariah Carey for a New Single |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9581383/jimmy-jam-terry-lewis-somewhat-loved-mariah-carey-announced |magazine=Billboard |date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602184122/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9581383/jimmy-jam-terry-lewis-somewhat-loved-mariah-carey-announced/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 5, 2021, Carey released "[[Fall in Love at Christmas]]", which features [[Khalid (singer)|Khalid]] and [[Kirk Franklin]]. The single was performed on her second Christmas special, ''Mariah's Christmas: The Magic Continues''.<ref name="NMEMCFILAC">{{Cite magazine|date=November 2, 2021|first=Tom|last=Skinner|title=Mariah Carey announces new festive single with Khalid, 'Fall In Love At Christmas'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-khalid-christmas-collaboration-single-preview-3085082|access-date=November 2, 2021|magazine=NME|archive-date=November 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102111923/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-khalid-christmas-collaboration-single-preview-3085082|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, Carey was featured alongside [[DJ Khaled]] on the remix of [[Latto]]'s single "[[Big Energy]]", which interpolates Carey's 1995 single "Fantasy".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Teams Up With Latto on 'Big Energy' Remix: Listen to It Here |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-latto-big-energy-remix-listen-1235050060/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101929/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-latto-big-energy-remix-listen-1235050060/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April, an [[online course]] from [[MasterClass]] based on singing, in which Carey served as a vocal coach, was released.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Announces MasterClass Course: 'You're Going to Rock This' |url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-masterclass-course-1235057948/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101927/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-masterclass-course-1235057948/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 16, 2022, an expanded version of ''Butterfly'' was released for the 25th anniversary of the album.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://retropopmagazine.com/mariah-carey-teases-butterfly-25th-anniversary-celebrations/|title=Mariah Carey teases 'Butterfly' 25th anniversary celebrations: 'Coming soon'|access-date=September 18, 2022|magazine=Retro Pop|date=July 31, 2022|archive-date=September 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171351/https://retropopmagazine.com/mariah-carey-teases-butterfly-25th-anniversary-celebrations/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-butterfly-25th-anniversary-1235139166/|title=Mariah Carey Rolls Out Surprises for 25th Anniversary of 'Butterfly'|access-date=September 18, 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915030612/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-butterfly-25th-anniversary-1235139166/|url-status=live}}</ref> In November, Carey released a children's picture book titled ''[[The Christmas Princess (book)|The Christmas Princess]]'', co-written with Michaela Angela Davis and illustrated by Fuuji Takashi.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Daly |first=Rhian |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey announces first children's book 'The Christmas Princess' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-announces-first-childrens-book-the-christmas-princess-3136291 |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=[[NME]] |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218123054/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-announces-first-childrens-book-the-christmas-princess-3136291 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Chan |first=Tim |date=November 25, 2022 |title=It's Time! Mariah Carey Officially Rings in Christmas With Launch of New Children's Book |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/books/mariah-carey-the-christmas-princess-childrens-book-1234622356/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101927/https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/books/mariah-carey-the-christmas-princess-childrens-book-1234622356/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2022, Carey performed two pairs of shows at [[Scotiabank Arena]] in [[Toronto]] and [[Madison Square Garden]] in [[New York City]].<ref>* {{cite magazine|first=Gil|last=Kaufman|title=Mariah Carey Announces Pair of 'Merry Christmas to All' Concerts|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-two-merry-christmas-to-all-shows-1235160010/|magazine=Billboard|date=October 24, 2022|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024123519/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-two-merry-christmas-to-all-shows-1235160010/|url-status=live}}
Carey's influence is notable in numerous hip hop, pop and R&B artists, including [[Britney Spears]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/1004945/a/...Baby+One+More+Time.htm|title=...Baby One More Time – Album Review|work=[[CD Universe]]|publisher=[[Intermix Media]]|accessdate=March 4, 2011}}</ref> [[Beyoncé]],<ref name="newyorker"/> [[Christina Aguilera]],<ref name=vol>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/59339487.html?dids=59339487:59339487&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+31%2C+2000&author=ROGER+CATLIN%3B+Courant+Rock+Critic&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=A+MATTER+OF+TIME+CHRISTIANA+AGUILERA+SAYS+SHE'LL+LEAVE+THE+PACK%2C+INCLUDING+BRITNEY+SPEARS+IN+THE+DUST&pqatl=google|title=A Matter of Time Christina Aguilera Says She'll Leave The Pack|last=Catlin|first=Roger|work=[[Hartford Courant]]|date=August 31, 2000|accessdate=July 21, 2011}}</ref> [[Jessica Simpson]],<ref name=gold/> [[Rihanna]],<ref name=mtv.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1512953/rihanna-brings-on-acting-career-with-bring-it-on.jhtml|title=Rihanna Brings On Acting Career With New 'Bring It On' Flick|last=Tecson|first=Brandee|publisher=MTV News|date=October 31, 2005|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> [[Kelly Clarkson]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/story/mariah-carey-overwhelms-kelly-clarkson|title=American Idol - Mariah Carey Overwhelms Kelly Clarkson|publisher=Contactmusic.com|date=July 23, 2003|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> [[Nelly Furtado]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/58093/the-juice-is-loose|title=The Juice Is 'Loose'|work=Billboard|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> [[Leona Lewis]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117989833 |title=Mariah Carey & Leona Lewis|last=Gallo|first=Phil|work=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|date=July 30, 2008|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> [[Brandy Norwood]],<ref name=great/> [[Pink (singer)|Pink]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/arts/music/26browne.html|title=Trilling Songbirds Clip Their Wings|last=Browne|first=David|work=The New York Times|date=December 24, 2010|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> [[Mary J. Blige]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/blige-thanks-beautiful-carey|title=Mariah Carey - Blige Thanks 'Beautiful' Carey|publisher=Contactmusic.com|date=December 22, 2005|accessdate=October 31, 2011}}</ref> and [[Missy Elliott]], among others.<ref name="newyorker"/> Knowles credits Carey's singing and her song "Vision of Love" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal "runs" as a child, as well as helping her pursue a career as a musician.<ref name="newyorker">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|title=Mariah Carey's Record-Breaking Career|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|date=April 6, 2006|accessdate=November 10, 2011|work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> [[Rihanna]] has stated that Carey is one of her major influences and idol.<ref name="mtv.com"/> [[Christina Aguilera]] has cited in her early stages of her career that Carey is a big influence in her singing career and being one of her idols.<ref name="vol"/> According to Pier Dominguez, author of ''Christina Aguilera: a star is made : the unauthorized biography'', Aguilera has stated how she loved listening to [[Whitney Houston]], but it was Carey who had the biggest influence on her vocal styling. Carey's carefully choreographed image of a grown woman struck a chord on Aguilera. Her influence on Aguilera also grew from the fact that both were of mixed heritage.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dominguez|first=Pier|year=2003|title=Christina Aguilera: a star is made : the unauthorized biography|publisher=Amber Books Publishing|page=134|isbn=0-9702224-5-9}}</ref> Philip Brasor, editor of ''[[The Japan Times]]'', expressed how Carey's vocal and melismatic style even influenced Asian singers. He wrote regarding Japanese superstar [[Hikaru Utada|Utada Hikaru]], "Utada sang what she heard, from the diaphragm and with her own take on the kind of melisma that became de rigueur in American pop after the ascendance of Mariah Carey."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20091218a1.html|title=The Naughties Played It Nice|work=[[Japan Times]]|publisher=The Japan Times Company|date=December 18, 2009|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref>
* {{Cite magazine |last=Muhammad |first=Latifah |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey's Holiday Spectacular: You Can Now Buy Tickets to 'Merry Christmas to All' |url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-to-all-concert-tickets-1235162846/ |access-date=December 23, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062950/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-to-all-concert-tickets-1235162846/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey also served as a co-producer of ''[[Some Like It Hot (musical)|Some Like It Hot]]'' on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], a musical based on the 1959 comedy film ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Huston |first=Caitlin |date=November 28, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Joins Broadway Musical 'Some Like It Hot' as Co-Producer |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/arts/mariah-carey-broadway-some-like-it-hot-co-producer-1235270629/ |access-date=April 21, 2023 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |archive-date=April 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421081225/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/arts/mariah-carey-broadway-some-like-it-hot-co-producer-1235270629/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It earned her a nomination for the [[Tony Award for Best Musical]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=May 2, 2023 |title=Mariah Carey Celebrates Tony Nomination for 'Some Like It Hot' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-some-like-it-hot-tony-nomination-reaction-1235319859/ |access-date=May 2, 2023 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=May 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502205057/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-some-like-it-hot-tony-nomination-reaction-1235319859/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In an article called "Out With Mariah's Melisma, In With Kesha's Kick", writer [[David Browne]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' discusses how the ubiquitous [[melisma]] pop style has suddenly fallen down from pop culture in favor of young stars who uses the now ubiquitous [[autotune]] in which the first mentioned was heavily popularized into mainstream pop culture with the likes of Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/arts/music/26browne.html |work=The New York Times|first=David |last=Browne|title=Out With Mariah's Melisma, In With Kesha's Kick |date=August 10, 2010|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> Browne had commented "But beginning two decades ago, melisma overtook pop in a way it hadn't before. Mariah Carey's debut hit from 1990, "Vision of Love," followed two years later by Whitney Houston's version of "I Will Always Love You," set the bar insanely high for notes stretched louder, longer and knottier than most pop fans had ever heard."<ref name="nytimes.com"/> Browne further added "A subsequent generation of singers, including Ms. Aguilera, Jennifer Hudson and Beyoncé, built their careers around melisma. (Men like Brian McKnight and Tyrese also indulged in it, but women tended to dominate the form.)"<ref name="nytimes.com"/>
In February 2023, the 2009 track "[[It's a Wrap]]" experienced a revival on [[TikTok]], prompting Carey to release an EP for the song, which included a new sped-up version.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Mariah Carey Drops 'It's a Wrap' EP After Song's Viral Revival |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mariah-carey-its-a-wrap-ep-stream-1235251750/ |access-date=March 16, 2023 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316114612/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mariah-carey-its-a-wrap-ep-stream-1235251750/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 8, 2023, she released a deluxe version of ''Music Box'' in celebration of the album's thirtieth anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Mariah-Carey-to-Release-Music-Box-30th-Anniversary-Edition-20230831|title=Mariah Carey to Release 'Music Box' 30th Anniversary Edition|accessdate=September 1, 2023|website=Broadway World|date=August 31, 2023|last=Major|first=Michael|archive-date=September 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901043556/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Mariah-Carey-to-Release-Music-Box-30th-Anniversary-Edition-20230831|url-status=live}}</ref> A remix of "Workin Hard" by [[Terry Hunter]], which featured on the deluxe album, was nominated for [[Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical]] at the [[66th Annual Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Full Nominees List |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |access-date=November 24, 2023 |publisher=Grammy Awards |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110180725/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey embarked on her 16-date concert tour, [[Merry Christmas One and All!]], which ran from November 15 to December 17, 2023 in the United States.<ref name="WKYC">{{cite news|last1=DeNatale|first1=David|last2=Kirk|first2=Alexander|date=October 30, 2023|title=Mariah Carey to Make Stop in Cleveland for 'Merry Christmas One and All' Tour|url=https://www.wkyc.com/article/entertainment/music/merry-christmas-one-and-all-mariah-carey-holiday-concert-cleveland/95-d3dd0343-a405-45f1-a48b-1ee53f120cf4|publisher=[[WKYC]]|access-date=October 31, 2023}}</ref> The tour grossed approximately $30 million and sold more than 200,000 tickets.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Frankenberg |first=Eric |date=January 19, 2024 |title=Mariah Carey's 2023 Holiday Tour Scored Her Best Concert Attendance in 25 Years |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-one-and-all-tour-2023-earns-30-million/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202013032/https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-one-and-all-tour-2023-earns-30-million/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== 2024–present: The Celebration of Mimi ===
On February 16, 2024, Carey featured on the remix of Ariana Grande's single "[[Yes, And?]]", which was included in the "slightly deluxe" edition of Grande's seventh studio album, ''[[Eternal Sunshine (album)|Eternal Sunshine]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Ariana Grande Releases 'Slightly Deluxe' Edition of 'Eternal Sunshine' With Mariah Carey, Troye Sivan Features |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/ariana-grande-slightly-deluxe-edition-eternal-sunshine-mariah-carey-troye-sivan-1235629656/ |access-date=March 13, 2024 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311145032/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/ariana-grande-slightly-deluxe-edition-eternal-sunshine-mariah-carey-troye-sivan-1235629656/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 12, Carey began a new residency at the [[Dolby Live]] in [[Las Vegas]] titled [[The Celebration of Mimi]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a60443131/mariah-carey-stylist-wilfredo-rosado-vegas-residency-costumes/|title=How Mariah Carey Is Capturing the Story of Her Career Through Costuming|accessdate=April 13, 2024|date=April 13, 2024|magazine=Harper's Bazaar|last=Calfee|first=Joel|archive-date=April 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413155342/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a60443131/mariah-carey-stylist-wilfredo-rosado-vegas-residency-costumes/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-adds-8-dates-mimi-las-vegas-residency-1235653777/|title=Mariah Carey Adds Dates to Her 'Celebration of Mimi Live in Las Vegas' Residency Run|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=April 13, 2024|date=April 13, 2024|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|archive-date=April 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411163807/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-adds-8-dates-mimi-las-vegas-residency-1235653777/|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 21, Carey appeared on the remix to [[Muni Long]]'s "[[Made for Me]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/muni-long-mariah-carey-made-for-me-remix-preview-1234877394/|title=Muni Long Confirms Mariah Carey's "Made For Me" Remix Is On The Way|date=May 9, 2024|website=Vibe|accessdate=May 10, 2024|last=Abraham|first=Mya|archive-date=May 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510023412/https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/muni-long-mariah-carey-made-for-me-remix-preview-1234877394/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/muni-long-mariah-carey-made-for-me-remix-listen-1235689606/|title=Muni Long Adds Mariah Carey on 'Made For Me' Remix: Stream It Now|accessdate=May 25, 2024|magazine=Billboard|date=May 21, 2024|last=Mamo|first=Heran|archive-date=May 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524152859/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/muni-long-mariah-carey-made-for-me-remix-listen-1235689606/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June, Carey released an expanded edition of ''Rainbow'' to coincide with its twenty-fifth anniversary.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-rainbow-25th-anniversary-1235040454/|title=Mariah Carey Searches for the End of Her 'Rainbow' With New Songs From 25th Anniversary Release|accessdate=June 15, 2024|magazine=Rolling Stones|date=June 14, 2024|last=Paul|first=Larisha|archive-date=June 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614230900/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-rainbow-25th-anniversary-1235040454/|url-status=live}}</ref> While promoting the re-release, she said that new music was being worked on.<ref name="vogue1">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-reflects-on-25-years-of-rainbow|title=Mariah Carey Reflects on 25 Years of Rainbow|accessdate=June 15, 2024|magazine=Vogue|first=Keaton|last=Bell|date=June 14, 2024|archive-date=June 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615005508/https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-reflects-on-25-years-of-rainbow|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 6, 2024, Carey will embark on the "Mariah Carey's Christmas Time" tour, set to celebrate the 30th anniversary of ''Merry Christmas''. It shall conclude the following December 17.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/mariah-carey-christmas-tour-2024-holidays-1236093926/|title=Mariah Carey Returning With 2024 Christmas Tour in 20 Cities|accessdate=August 3, 2024|magazine=Variety|date=August 2, 2024|last=Willman|first=Chris}}</ref>
== Artistry ==
{{listen
=== Influences ===
| filename = Visionoflove.ogg
{{multiple image
| title = "Vision of Love"
| total_width = 230
| description = Carey's usage of [[Melisma]] throughout the song was credited with inspiring several vocalists and performers throughout the turn or the century, and is considered to have brought the usage of the vocal technique to modern day singers and talent competitions around the world to date.
| formatalign = [[Ogg]]right
| image1 = Stevie Wonder 1973.JPG
| filename2 = Mariah_Carey_-_All_I_Want_For_Christmas_Is_You.ogg
| title2image2 = "All I Want for= ChristmasAretha IsFranklin You"1968.jpg
| footer = Carey's major influences include [[Stevie Wonder]] (left) and Aretha Franklin (right).
| description2 = Since its release in 1994, the song has re-entered the charts around the world, and is the best-selling holiday ringtone and song in the United States. Additionally, it was listed as the number one Christmas standard in the United Kingdom, while being branded the "last addition to the holiday collection of classics." The song has been covered by several artists, attesting to its continued popularity.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/2877656,mariah-carey-susan-boyle-christmas-cds-110910.article|title=Mariah, Boyle's Christmas CDs a Couple Lumps of Coal|work=Chicago Sun-Times|last=Connor|first=Thomas|date=November 2, 2010}}</ref><ref name=scotherlad/>
| format = [[Ogg]]
}}
Carey has said that from childhood she has been influenced by [[Billie Holiday]], [[Sarah Vaughan]] as well as R&B and soul musicians including [[Al Green]], Stevie Wonder, [[Gladys Knight]], Aretha Franklin, and [[George Michael]]. Her music contains strong influences of [[gospel music]], and she credits [[the Clark Sisters]], [[Shirley Caesar]], and [[Edwin Hawkins]] as the most influential in her early years.<ref name="black">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA54|title=Not Another White Girl Trying to Sing Black|last=Norent|first=Lynn|magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]|date=March 12, 1991|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2018 |title=Mariah Carey: 'George Michael's death took a toll on me' |url=https://www.smoothradio.com/artists/george-michael/mariah-carey-tribute-interview/ |access-date=November 28, 2023 |publisher=[[Smooth Radio (2014)|Smooth Radio]] |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202051828/https://www.smoothradio.com/artists/george-michael/mariah-carey-tribute-interview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> When Carey incorporated hip hop into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told ''[[Newsweek]]'', "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music."{{sfn|Shapiro|2001|p=124}} She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as [[the Sugarhill Gang]], [[Eric B. & Rakim]], the [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] and [[Mobb Deep]], with whom she collaborated on the single "[[The Roof (Back in Time)]]" (1998). Carey was heavily influenced by [[Minnie Riperton]], and began experimenting with the [[whistle register]] due to her original practice of the range.<ref name="vinsky">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jisEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96|title=Higher and Higher|last=Willis|first=Andrew|magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|date=November 18, 1998|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref>
Carey is also credited for introducing R&B and hip hop into mainstream pop culture, and for popularizing rap as a featuring act through her post-1995 songs.<ref name="newyorker" /> Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' commented, "It became standard for R&B/hip-hop stars like [[Missy Elliott]] and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses. And young white pop stars—including [[Britney Spears]], [[Jessica Simpson]], [[Christina Aguilera]], and [['N Sync]]—have spent much of the past ten years making pop music that is unmistakably R&B."<ref name="newyorker" /> Moreover Jones concludes that "[Carey's] idea of pairing a female songbird with the leading male MCs of hip-hop changed R&B and, eventually, all of pop. Although now anyone is free to use this idea, the success of "The Emancipation of Mimi" suggests that it still belongs to Carey."<ref name="newyorker" /> Judnick Mayard, writer of ''The Fader'', wrote that in regarding of R&B and hip hop collaboration, "The champion of this movement is Mariah Carey."<ref name="thefader.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2011/01/14/suite903-rb-rejected-and-betrayed/ |title=Suite903: R&B, Rejected and Betrayed |publisher=[[The Fader]]|last=Mayard|first=Judnick|date=January 4, 2009|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> Mayard also expressed that "To this day ODB and Mariah may still be the best and most random hip hop collaboration of all time", citing that due to the record "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "R&B and Hip Hop were the best of step siblings."<ref name="thefader.com"/>
During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to Whitney Houston, whom she has also cited as an influence.<ref name="Fox2002">{{Cite news|first=Roger|last=Friedman|title=Mariah Calls, Whitney Falls|date=December 18, 2002|agency=Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/mariah-calls-whitney-falls|access-date=April 25, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090604210447/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,73318,00.html | archive-date= June 4, 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails... virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature [[middle of the road (music)|MOR]] [[torch song]]." Author and writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of [[Barbra Streisand]]'s "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Celine Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection." Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was "schmaltzy MOR."<ref name="Mul">{{harvnb|Mulholland|2003|p=57}}</ref> Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey writes and produces her own music.<ref name="James">{{harvnb|James|2010|p=74}}</ref>
Kelfa Sanneh of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "In the mid-1990s Ms. Carey pioneered a subgenre that some people call the thug-love duet. Nowadays clean-cut pop stars are expected to collaborate with roughneck rappers, but when Ms. Carey teamed up with Ol' Dirty Bastard, of the Wu-Tang Clan, for the 1995 hit "Fantasy (Remix)", it was a surprise, and a smash."<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite news|title=The Summer Buzz: Cicadas and Mariah Carey|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html |work=The New York Times|date=August 4, 2005|accessdate=November 5, 2010|last=Sanneh|first=Kalefa}}</ref> Aside from her pop culture and musical influence, Carey is credited for releasing a classic Christmas song called "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]".<ref name=scotherlad>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/comment/guest-commentary/in-praise-of-a-very-mariah-christmas-by-shona-craven-1.1073617|title=In Praise Of ... A Very Mariah Christmas|last=Craven|first=Shona|work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]|publisher=[[STV Group plc]]|date=December 10, 2010|accessdate=December 10, 2010}}</ref> In a retrospective look at Carey's career, [[Sasha Frere-Jones]] of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' said, the "charming" song was one of Carey's biggest accomplishments, calling it "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon".<ref name="newyorker"/> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' ranked "All I Want for Christmas Is You" fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list, calling it a "holiday standard."<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435|title=The Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs|last=Greene|first=Andy|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Wenner Media|accessdate=December 20, 2010}}</ref> Following the release of her ''[[Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album)|Greatest Hits]]'' album, Devon Powers of [[PopMatters]] has said in his review that "She has influenced countless female vocalists after her. At 32, she is already a living legend—even if she never sings another note."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/careymariah-greatest|title=Mariah Carey: Greatest Hits|last=Powers|first=Devon|work=PopMatters|date=May 8, 2002|accessdate=October 11, 2011}}</ref> While reviewing a concert of Carey in [[Sydney]], Elise Vout of ''[[MTV Australia]]'' wrote that "it's not amazing choreography or high production value you're going to see, it's the larger than life personality, unique voice, and legend that is Mariah Carey."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com.au/news/gig-review-mariah-carey-live-concert-sydney-australia-january-3-2013/|title=The megastar takes the stage in Australia for the first time in 15 years!|last=Vout|first=Elise|publisher=[[MTV Australia]]|date=January 4, 2013|accessdate=January 7, 2013}}</ref>
=== Musical style ===
Carey's business ventures include the launch of her perfumes, her clothing line, and books.<ref name=naka>Hirahara, 2002, p. 84</ref> She has portrayed the true nature of being a superstar, according to sociologist Naomi Hirahara, and is a classic example of the word "diva". Carey is never seen without her large entourage, whether it be award shows, performances or as guests on late night specials. Hirahara says, "her demands are sporadic, her looks are glamorous, she is hardly of her age, but she is still ruling. Nowadays people emulate the idea of being a diva, but Carey was the original one in true sense of the term."<ref name=naka/>
Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as loss, sex, race, abuse and spirituality.<ref name=ViceMC>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|title=Mariah, Our Living Meme, Deserves More Credit for Her Songwriting|last1=Mokoena|first1=Tshepo|last2=Ingold|first2=Jeffrey|date=November 16, 2018|magazine=Vice|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=July 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730040722/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/2005-05-05/music/i-gotta-be-mimi/|title=I Gotta Be 'Mimi'|last=Wilson|first=Cintra|newspaper=[[LA Weekly]]|date=May 5, 2005|access-date=June 26, 2011|archive-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307115120/http://www.laweekly.com/2005-05-05/music/i-gotta-be-mimi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's Christopher John Farley wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—[[NutraSweet]] soul. But her life has passion and conflict," applying it to the first stages of her career. He commented that as her albums progressed, so too her songwriting and music blossomed into more mature and meaningful material.<ref name="time">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,134725,00.html|title=Pop's Princess Grows Up|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024110314/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,134725,00.html|archive-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> Jim Faber of the ''[[New York Daily News]]'', made similar comments, "For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening."<ref name="uGMRL">{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2005-04-12/entertainment/18289697_1_voice-cover-singing|title=More Like a Screaming 'Mimi'|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=April 15, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=January 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112152549/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2005-04-12/entertainment/18289697_1_voice-cover-singing|url-status=dead}}</ref> While reviewing ''Music Box'', Stephen Holden from ''Rolling Stone'' commented that Carey sang with "sustained passion," while Arion Berger of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that during some vocal moments, Carey becomes "too overwhelmed to put her passion into words."<ref name="g5NvI">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1991/10/11/emotions/|title=Emotions|last=Berger|first=Arion|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 10, 1991|access-date=November 11, 2019|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016011612/https://ew.com/article/1991/10/11/emotions/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2001, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' wrote that "Carey's [[Strawberry Shortcake]] soul still provides the template with which [[teen-pop]] cuties draw curlicues around those centerless [[Diane Warren|[Diane] Warren]] ballads."<ref name="Q5Zfi">{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-09-04/music/marked-woman/|title=Marked Woman|last=Walters|first=Barry|newspaper=[[The Village Voice]]|date=September 4, 2001|access-date=September 18, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805102117/http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-09-04/music/marked-woman/|archive-date=August 5, 2011}}</ref>
Following Carey's divorce with Tommy Mottola, Carey broke free of adult contemporary arrangements in favor of what Alex Macpherson of ''The Guardian'' described as "a lovingly crafted, hip-hop-inflected quiet storm".<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jun/22/mariah-carey-where-to-start-in-her-back-catalogue|title=Mariah Carey: where to start in her back catalogue|access-date=April 19, 2023|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=March 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124124/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jun/22/mariah-carey-where-to-start-in-her-back-catalogue|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey often records her layered background vocals, which has been described as "a swooning bank of a hundred Mariahs".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|title=Mariah Carey, E=MC2|access-date=April 29, 2023|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=April 30, 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190430105249/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer claims that "it's because I started out as a backup singer and doing sessions as a background vocalist learning from some of the greatest background vocalists, and also people like [[Luther Vandross]]. Growing up, I admired his texture in and of itself but also his use of background vocals".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/mariah-carey-secret-rock-album-prince-rolling-stone-podcast-interview-1234595524/|title=Why Mariah Carey Made a Secret Alt-Rock Album – and Four Other Things We Learned From Our New Podcast|access-date=April 29, 2023|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142840/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/mariah-carey-secret-rock-album-prince-rolling-stone-podcast-interview-1234595524/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[David Foster]] stated that Carey "thinks like a record producer and lays her vocals down like a virtuoso guitarist".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fozfan.com/2004/08/15/after-tonight/|title=AFTER TONIGHT|date=August 15, 2004 |access-date=April 29, 2023|publisher=Song of the Week|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142843/https://www.fozfan.com/2004/08/15/after-tonight/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's songwriting is noted for its "eccentric verbosity".<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/mariah-carey-the-ultimate-pop-diva-of-our-age-may-be-a-joke-but-shes-no-punchline-1.248645|title=Mariah Carey, the ultimate pop diva of our age, may be a joke but she's no punchline|access-date=May 29, 2014|magazine=The National News|archive-date=April 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422003959/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/mariah-carey-the-ultimate-pop-diva-of-our-age-may-be-a-joke-but-shes-no-punchline-1.248645|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://poprescue.com/2022/07/22/review-memoirs-of-an-imperfect-angel-by-mariah-carey-cd-2009/|title=REVIEW: "MEMOIRS OF AN IMPERFECT ANGEL" BY MARIAH CAREY (CD, 2009)|access-date=May 29, 2014|magazine=Pop Rescue|archive-date=July 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722110141/https://poprescue.com/2022/07/22/review-memoirs-of-an-imperfect-angel-by-mariah-carey-cd-2009/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeffrey Ingold of ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' argues that her lyrics are "among the most verbose in pop music."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|title=Mariah, Our Living Meme, Deserves More Credit for Her Songwriting|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Vice|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.vice.com/en/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Honors and awards==
{{See also|List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey}}
Carey's output makes use of [[electronic instruments]] such as [[drum machine]]s,<ref name="viber"/> [[electronic keyboard|keyboards]] and synthesizers.<ref name="pop">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mariah-carey-emc2|title=Mariah Carey: E=MC² < Reviews|last=Sawey|first=Evan|magazine=[[PopMatters]]|date=May 1, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2010|archive-date=May 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525092023/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mariah-carey-emc2|url-status=live}}</ref> Many of her songs contain piano-driven melodies,<ref name="rs">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariahs-e-mc2-a-first-listen-to-careys-eleventh-studio-album-20080228|title=Mariah's E=MC2: A First Listen to Carey's Eleventh Studio Album|last=Hoard|first=Christian|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=February 28, 2008|access-date=August 8, 2011|archive-date=August 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822083115/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariahs-e-mc2-a-first-listen-to-careys-eleventh-studio-album-20080228|url-status=dead}}</ref> as she was given piano lessons at age six. Carey said that she cannot read [[sheet music]] and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less-conventional [[melodies]] and [[chord progression]]s using this technique.<ref name="nick3"/> While Carey learned to play the piano at a young age, and incorporates several ranges of production and instrumentation into her music, she has maintained that her voice has always been her most important asset: "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."<ref name="shapiro20"/>
Throughout Carey's career, she has collected many honors and awards, including the [[World Music Awards]]' Best Selling Female Artist of the Millennium, the [[Grammy]]'s [[Best New Artist]] in 1991, ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]'''s Special Achievement Award for the Artist of the Decade during the 1990s.<ref name=awardz>{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/awards.php|title=Mariah Carey Career Achievement Awards|publisher=Mariahcarey.com|accessdate=September 29, 2010}}</ref> In a career spanning over 20 years, Carey has sold over 200 million albums, singles, and videos worldwide, making her [[List of best-selling music artists|one of the biggest-selling artists]] in music history. Carey is ranked as the best-selling female artist of the [[Nielsen SoundScan]] era, with over 52 million copies sold.<ref name=reuters>{{cite web|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idCATRE69R2ZD20101028|title=Mariah Carey Announces She Is Pregnant|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|date=October 28, 2010|accessdate=July 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name=aussy>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/child-diva-mariah-carey-dances-to-her-own-tune/story-e6frg8n6-1225974077690|title='Child' Diva Mariah Carey Dances To Her Own Tune|last=Teeman|first=Tim|work=[[The Australian]]|date=December 21, 2010|accessdate=July 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name=digital>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrities/mariah-carey/|title=Mariah Carey|last=Levine|first=Nick|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias]]|date=November 12, 2009|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="billboard.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/957957/2020-vision-mariah-marks-milestone|title=Billboard Magazine – 20–20 Vision Mariah Marks Milestone |work=Billboard|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> Possessing a [[Vocal range|five-octave vocal range]], Carey was ranked first in MTV and ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'' magazine's 2003 countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, and was placed second in ''Cove'' magazine's list of "The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists".<ref name="100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists"/><ref name=billboardbiog>{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=mariah carey|bio=true}}|title=Mariah Carey Biography & Awards |work=Billboard|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> Aside from her voice, she has become known for her songwriting. [[Yahoo! Music|Yahoo Music]] editor Jason Ankeny wrote, "She earned frequent comparison to rivals Whitney Houston and Celine Dion, but did them both one better by composing all of her own material."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ankeny|first=Jason|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/mariah-carey/biography/ |title=Yahoo Music – Biography – Mariah Carey |publisher=Yahoo Music. Yahoo!|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> According to ''Billboard'' magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.{{sfn|Shapiro|2001|p=145}} At the 2000 [[World Music Awards]], Carey was given a Legend Award for being the "best-selling female pop artist of the millennium", as well as the "Best-selling artist of the 90s" in the United States, after releasing a series of albums of multi-platinum status in Asia and Europe, such as ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' and ''[[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|Number 1's]]''.<ref name=billboardbiog/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20001015144058/www.montecarloresort.com/awards/00/w00res00.htm |title=Monte Carlo Resort – Awards |publisher=[[World Music Awards]]|date=October 15, 2000|accessdate=October 30, 2010}}</ref> She is also a recipient of the [[Chopard Diamond award]] in 2003, recognizing sales of over 100 million albums worldwide.<ref name="NME Artists - Mariah Carey">{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/artists/mariah-carey|title=NME Artists – Mariah Carey|work=NME|accessdate=August 19, 2010}}</ref> Additionally, the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) lists Carey as the third-best-selling female artist, with shipments of over 63 million units in the US.<ref name="riaa.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt|title=Gold and Platinum – Top Selling Artists|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=August 18, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Mariah Marks Milestone">{{cite web|url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2882|title=Mariah Marks Milestone|publisher=MariahCarey.com|accessdate=May 29, 2010}}</ref> In Japan, Carey has the top four highest-selling albums of all time by a non-Asian artist.{{sfn|Nickson|1998}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Carey's Ubiquitous Japanese Success|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7g4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false|work=Billboard|date=January 26, 1996|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref>
Carey began commissioning remixes of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes.<ref name="MTV-Oct2003">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901094755/http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/|archive-date=September 1, 2011|title=Mariah: Remixes, Reunions and Russia|last=Norris|first=John|publisher=MTV|date=October 20, 2003|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Disc jockey David Morales has collaborated with Carey on several occasions, starting with "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing R&B songs into [[house music|house]] records, and which ''[[Slant Magazine]]'' named one of the greatest dance songs.<ref name="xYM1F">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820164653/http://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp|archive-date=August 20, 2006|title=100 Greatest Dance Songs: 100–91|magazine=[[Slant Magazine]]|date=April 25, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> From "Fantasy" (1995) onward, Carey enlisted both hip-hop and house producers to re-structure her album compositions.<ref name="shapiro17"/> ''Entertainment Weekly'' included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005: a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a Sean Combs production featuring rapper [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]].<ref name="UrIRl">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2005/12/16/10-best-mariah-carey-songs-agree/|title=The 10 best Mariah Carey songs... Agree?|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 11, 2005|access-date=November 11, 2019|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001131120/https://ew.com/article/2005/12/16/10-best-mariah-carey-songs-agree/|url-status=live}}</ref> The latter has been credited with popularizing the R&B/hip-hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s, through artists such as [[Ashanti (singer)|Ashanti]] and [[Beyoncé]].<ref name="MTV-Oct2003"/> Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you."<ref name="viberness">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57|title=Cinderella Story|last=Willis|first=Andrew|magazine=Vibe|date=November 18, 1998|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref>
Carey has spent a record 79 weeks at the number-one position on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], becoming the artist with the most weeks at number-one in US chart history.<ref name="billboard1">{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=mariah carey|chart=all}} |title=The Emancipation of Mimi – Mariah Carey |work=Billboard|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> On that same chart, she has accumulated 18 number-one singles, the most for any solo artist and places her second in the chart's history (after only [[The Beatles]]).<ref name="Hiscock">{{Cite news|last=Hiscock |first=John |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/6771071/Mariah-Carey-interview-for-Precious.html|title=Mariah Carey Interview for Precious|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=December 10, 2009|accessdate=November 10, 2011}}</ref> In 1994, Carey released her holiday album ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and is the [[best-selling Christmas/holiday albums in the United States|best-selling Christmas album]] of all time.<ref name="mimisales2"/><ref name="national"/><ref name=sasha>{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|title=On Top: Mariah Carey's Record-Breaking Career|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|work=[[The New Yorker]]|date=April 3, 2006|accessdate=December 10, 2010}}</ref><ref name=independent>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/old-chestnuts-roasting-ghosts-of-christmas-music-past-764334.html|title=Old Chestnuts Roasting: Ghosts of Christmas Music Past|work=[[The Independent]]|publisher=[[Alexander Lebedev]]|date=December 11, 2007|accessdate=December 10, 2010}}</ref> It also produced the successful single "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", which became the only holiday song and [[ringtone]] to reach multi-platinum status in the US.<ref>{{cite web|agency=PR Newswire |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/10648016/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-is-worlds-first-double-platinum-holiday-ringtone.html |title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Is World's First Double Platinum Holiday Ringtone |publisher=TheStreet |date=December 17, 2009 |accessdate=June 29, 2010}}</ref> In Japan, ''Number 1's'' has sold over 3,250,000 copies and is the [[List of best-selling albums in Japan|best-selling album of all time in Japan]] by a non-Asian artist.<ref name="Mariah Carey #1's">{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=yg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=bodyguard+top+foreign+album&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=MAGAZINES&cd=5#v=onepage&q=bodyguard%20top%20foreign%20album&f=false|title='#1's'|work=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|date=January 23, 1999|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> Her hit single "[[One Sweet Day]]", which featured [[Boyz II Men]], spent sixteen consecutive weeks at the top of ''Billboard''{{'}}s Hot 100 chart in 1996, setting the record for the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|most weeks atop the Hot 100 chart in history]].<ref name="billboard.com"/> After Carey's success in Asia with ''Merry Christmas'', ''Billboard'' estimated Carey as the all-time best-selling international artist in Japan.<ref name="Lichtman">{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aggEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA136&dq=mariah+carey+merry+christmas+debut&hl=en&ei=C8p5TPW5GMOblgeMn5zsCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20merry%20christmas%20debut&f=false|title=Mariah Hits Big n Japan|last=Lichtman|first=Irv|work=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|date=November 26, 1994|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> In 2008, ''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The [[Billboard Hot 100 50th Anniversary Charts|Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs]]<ref name=autogenerated8>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-10.shtml|title=The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs (10-01)|work=Billboard|date=August 15, 2010|accessdate=August 29, 2010}}</ref> and second on Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.<ref name="yahoosales2">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top-rbhiphop.shtml|title=Sweet Soul Music: Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|work=Billboard|date=August 15, 2010|accessdate=August 29, 2010}}</ref> The song was also declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by ''Billboard''.<ref name=decade/> In 2009, Carey's cover of [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]'s song "[[I Want to Know What Love Is]]" became the longest-running number-one song in Brazilian singles chart history, spending 27 consecutive weeks at number-one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2852 |title=Mariah Makes Brazilian Chart History|publisher=Mariahcarey.com|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, Carey has had three songs debut at number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100: "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "[[One Sweet Day]]" and "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]", making her the artist with the most number-one debuts in the chart's 52-year history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/slideshow/457789?decorator=slideshow&confirm=true |title=Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 Debuts |work=Billboard |accessdate=October 10, 2010}}</ref> Also, she is the first female artist to debut at number 1 in the U.S. with "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]".<ref name=billboardbiog/> In 2010, Carey's 13th album and second Christmas album, ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'', debuted at No.1 on the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top that chart. On November 19, 2010, ''Billboard'' magazine named Carey in their "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" chart at number four.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/950681/the-top-50-rb-hip-hop-artists-of-the-past-25-years|title=The Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years|work=Billboard|date=November 10, 2010|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> In 2012, Carey was ranked second on [[VH1]]'s list of the "100 Greatest Women in Music".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-02-13/vh1s-100-greatest-women-in-music-complete-list/|title=100 Greatest Women in Music|publisher=[[VH1]]|accessdate=August 5, 2012}}</ref>
==Philanthropy= Voice and othertimbre activities===
Carey possesses a five-octave vocal range.<ref name="autogenerated6">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F8F8CB38C60AA77&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Who Can Carey a Tune?|last=Zwecker|first=Bill|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|date=January 22, 2002|access-date=June 16, 2011|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224043110/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F8F8CB38C60AA77&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="KKHEv">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10EC2F88C5EE2870&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Roll Over Elvis – Mariah is Here|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=March 20, 2008|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=March 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306212203/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10EC2F88C5EE2870&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="E12Ji">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/983024561.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05%2C+2006&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+GLOBE+STAFF&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=CAREY%2C+ON!&pqatl=google|title=Carey, On!|last=Anderson|first=Joan|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=February 6, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725040734/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/983024561.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05%2C+2006&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+GLOBE+STAFF&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=CAREY%2C+ON!&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> Regarding her [[voice type|type of voice]], several critics have described her as a [[coloratura soprano#Lyric coloratura soprano|lyric coloratura soprano]] or just a soprano.<ref name="Ym1CZ">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesunion.com/entertainment/article/New-CDs-558082.php|title=New CDs|newspaper=[[Times Union (Albany)|Times Union]]|date=October 13, 2000|access-date=August 12, 2012|archive-date=October 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013160334/http://www.timesunion.com/entertainment/article/New-CDs-558082.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="books.google.ca">{{Cite book|title=Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush|last=Dean|first=Maury|year=2003|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-207-1|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&q=whitney+houston&pg=PA87|access-date=November 16, 2020|archive-date=March 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309191259/https://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&q=whitney+houston&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jon Pareles]] of ''The New York Times'' described Carey's lower register as a "rich, husky alto" that extends to "dog-whistle high notes."<ref name="nytreview">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/arts/review-pop-venturing-outside-the-studio-mariah-carey-proves-her-mettle.html|title=Review/Pop; Venturing Outside the Studio, Mariah Carey Proves Her Mettle|last=Pareles|first=Jon|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 13, 1993|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828121401/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/arts/review-pop-venturing-outside-the-studio-mariah-carey-proves-her-mettle.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She once described herself as an alto singer.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/oct/05/mariah-carey-theyre-calling-me-a-diva-i-think-im-going-to-cry |title=Mariah Carey: 'They're calling me a diva? I think I'm going to cry!' |newspaper=The Guardian |last=Freeman |first=Hadley |date=October 5, 2020 |access-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225114109/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/oct/05/mariah-carey-theyre-calling-me-a-diva-i-think-im-going-to-cry |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasha Frere-Jones of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' adds her [[timbre]] on "Vision of Love" possesses various colors, stating, "Carey's sound changes with nearly every line, mutating from a steely tone to a vibrating growl and then to a humid, breathy coo."<ref name="newyorker"/> In an analysis of Carey's voice for [[Classic FM (UK)|ClassicFM]], singer [[Catherine Bott]] claims that Carey's [[chest voice]] could go up "higher in [[pitch (music)|pitch]]" compared to classical singer."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/music-theory/mariah-carey-singing-voice/ |title=A technical analysis of Mariah Carey's voice in 'Without You' |website=ClassicFM |last=Roberts |first=Maddy Shaw |date=December 18, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224011301/https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/music-theory/mariah-carey-singing-voice/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Carey is a philanthropist who has donated time and money to organizations such as [[the Fresh Air Fund]].<ref name=fresh>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=c98gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=I2sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2220,934579&dq=camp+mariah&hl=en|title=Carey a Fresh Face for Fresh Air Fund|last=Hopkins|first=Eugene|work=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston)|Sun Journal]]|publisher=Sun Media Group|date=December 4, 1994|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> She became associated with the Fund in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in [[Fishkill, New York|Fishkill]], New York, that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities.<ref name=fresh/> The camp was called [[The Fresh Air Fund|Camp Mariah]] "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children", and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426935/19990413/carey_mariah.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey to Receive Congressional Award for Charity Efforts|publisher=MTV News|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|date=April 13, 1999|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Carey also donated royalties from her hits "[[Hero]]" and "[[One Sweet Day]]" to charities.<ref name="billboard2"/> She is well-known nationally for her work with the [[Make-A-Wish Foundation]] in granting the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses, and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/carey-packs-times-square-with-early-morning-show|title=Mariah Carey - Carey Packs Times Square With Early Morning Show|publisher=Contactmusic.com|date=April 12, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654204/mariah-carey-performs-with-mother-on-holiday-tv-special.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Performs With Mother On Holiday TV Special|last=Dinh|first=James|publisher=MTV News|date=December 12, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Carey has volunteered for the [[New York City Police Department|New York City Police]] Athletic League and contributed to the [[obstetrics]] department of [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital|New York Presbyterian Hospital]] Cornell Medical Center.<ref name=pre>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/47992976.html?dids=47992976:47992976&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+15%2C+2000&author=SHAUNA+SNOW&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Morning+Report%3B+ARTS+AND+ENTERTAINMENT+REPORTS+FROM+THE+TIMES%2C+NEWS+SERVICES+AND+THE+NATION'S+PRESS.&pqatl=google|title=Morning Reports|last=Snow|first=Shauna|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 15, 2000|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> A percentage of the sales of ''MTV Unplugged'' was donated to various other charities.<ref name=pre/> In 2008, Carey was named Hunger Ambassador of the [[World Food Programme|World Hunger Relief Movement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/mariah_saves_world_one_chalupa_time/30720|title=Carey Saves the World, One Chalupa At a Time|last=Ryan|first=Joyal|publisher=E!|date=August 29, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> In February 2010, the song, "[[100% (Mariah Carey song)|100%]]", which was originally written and recorded for the film, ''Precious'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/02/mariah-carey-to-release-duet-remix-album.html|title=Mariah Carey Will Release Duet, Remix Album|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 26, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> was used as one of the theme songs for the [[2010 Winter Olympics]], with all money proceeds going to [[United States Olympic Committee|Team USA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30499|title=AT&T to Produce Exclusive Soundtrack for Athletes Competing in 2010 Olympic Winter Game|publisher=[[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]]|date=February 26, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref>
Her sense of pitch is admired and Jon Pareles adds "she can linger over sensual turns, growl with playful confidence, syncopate like a [[scat singer]]... with startlingly exact pitch."<ref name="nytreview"/> Carey claims that she has had [[Vocal cord nodule|nodules]] on her vocal cords since childhood, enabling her to sing in a higher register than others. However, tiredness and sleep deprivation can affect them due to the nodules, and Carey explained that she went through a lot of practice as a child to maintain a balance during singing.<ref name="vinsky"/><ref name="3fqV5">{{cite web|first=Choire|last=Sicha|url=http://www.theawl.com/2009/07/is-mariah-careys-voice-just-done-for|title=Is Mariah Carey's Voice Just Done For?|website=The Awl|date=July 8, 2009|access-date=June 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603124359/http://www.theawl.com/2009/07/is-mariah-careys-voice-just-done-for|archive-date=June 3, 2013}}</ref> Carey is noted for her vocal improvisation skills.<ref>{{harvnb|Soto-Morettini|2014|p=107}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://online.berklee.edu/takenote/vocal-improvisation-techniques-famous-pop-rb-singers/|title=Vocal Improvisation Techniques of Famous Pop and R&B Singers|last=Goodman|first=Gabrielle|date=August 25, 2022|publisher=[[Berklee College of Music]]|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428045056/https://online.berklee.edu/takenote/vocal-improvisation-techniques-famous-pop-rb-singers/|url-status=live}}</ref>
One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 ''[[VH1 Divas|Divas Live]]'' special, during which she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation.<ref name=divas/> The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the [[VH1 Divas#Divas 2000|Divas 2000]] special.<ref name=divas/> In 2007, the Save the Music Foundation honored Carey at their tenth gala event for her support towards the foundation since its inception.<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite web|url=http://newyork.dbusinessnews.com/shownews.php?newsid=27530&type_news=latest|title=Mariah Carey's Sixteenth #1 Single – Shares Parthenon with The Beatles and Elvis Presley!|publisher=[[Business Wire]]. [[Berkshire Hathaway]]|date=April 14, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10B0D48CAD9B00C8&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Critic's Picks|last=Pennington|first=Gail|work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|publisher=[[Lee Enterprises]]|date=April 12, 2008|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> She appeared at the ''[[America: A Tribute to Heroes]]'' nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks]], and in December 2001, she performed before peacekeeping troops in [[Kosovo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1449077/carey-others-sing-on-telethon.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey, Springsteen, Other Stars Sing For America On Telethon|last=Schumacher-Rasmussen|first=Eric|publisher=MTV News|date=September 22, 2001|accessdate=April 13, 2011}}</ref> Carey hosted the [[CBS]] television special ''At Home for the Holidays'', which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families, from the [[Internet Archive|Wayback Machine]] on October 22, 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2001-12-20/entertainment/18370230_1_adoption-sings-performers|title=Flawed Gala On Adoption|last=Bianculli|first=David|work=Daily News|publisher=Mortimer Zuckerman|date=December 20, 2001|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref> In 2005, Carey performed for [[Live 8 concert, London|Live 8 in London]]<ref name=bbcnews>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4648051.stm|title=Live 8 attracts 9.6m UK viewers|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=July 4, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and at the [[Hurricane Katrina]] relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/894426211.html?dids=894426211:894426211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2005&author=Sarah+Rodman&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=TELEVISION%3B+Stars+shine+spotlight+on+needy+during+Katrina+relief+telethon&pqatl=google|title=Stars Shine Spotlight on Needy During Katrina Relief Telethon|last=Rodman|first=Sarah|work=[[Boston Herald]]|date=September 10, 2005|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In August 2008, Carey and other singers recorded the charity single, "[[Just Stand Up!|Just Stand Up]]" produced by [[Babyface (musician)|Babyface]] and [[L.A. Reid|L. A. Reid]], to support "[[Stand Up to Cancer]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1077026,00.html|title=Mariah, Beyoncé Top Fifth Annual Fashion Rocks|last=Kappes|last=Serena|work=People|date=May 3, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> In March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song "Save The Day", which was written for her fourteenth studio album, will be donated to charities that create awareness to human rights issues. Berg also said that "Mariah has and continues to donate her time, money and countless hours of personal service to many organizations both here and abroad".<ref name="billboard2"/>
Towards the late 1990s, she began incorporating breathy vocals into her material.<ref name="charm">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2535321.stm|title=Carey Charm Offensive|last=Levell|first=Tim|agency=BBC News|date=December 2, 2002|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802122234/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2535321.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Tim Levell from [[BBC News]] described her vocals as "sultry close-to-the-mic breathiness,"<ref name="charm"/> while ''USA Today''{{'}}s Elysa Gardner wrote "it's impossible to deny the impact her vocal style, a florid blend of breathy riffing and resonant belting, has had on today's young pop and R&B stars."<ref name="gold">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2002-12-02-charmbracelet_x.htm|title=Carey Sounds Like 'Gold' on 'Charmbracelet'|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|newspaper=USA Today|date=December 22, 2002|access-date=August 3, 2011|archive-date=May 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527100229/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2002-12-02-charmbracelet_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview, Ron Givens of ''Entertainment Weekly'' described it this way, "first, a rippling, soulful ooh comes rolling effortlessly from her throat: alto. Then, after a quick breath, she goes for the stratosphere, with a sound that nearly changes the barometric pressure in the room. In one brief swoop, she seems to squeal and roar at the same time."<ref name="siSJg">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1990/08/03/spotlight-mariah-carey/|title=Spotlight on Mariah Carey|last=Givens|first=Ron|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 3, 1990|access-date=August 1, 2014|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016011613/https://ew.com/article/1990/08/03/spotlight-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for [[Intel]] [[Centrino]] personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American [[Claire's]] and Icing stores.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azcentral.com/ent/music/articles/0711mimi.html|title=The Branding of Mimi|last=Paoletta|first=Michael|work=Billboard|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> During this period, as part of a partnership with [[Pepsi]] and [[Motorola]], Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive [[ringtone]]s, including "[[Time of Your Life (ring tone)|Time of Your Life]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b52141_mariah_rings_up_pepsi.html|title=Mariah Rings Up Pepsi|last=Serpe|first=Gina|publisher=E!|date=August 29, 2006|accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref> She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company [[Elizabeth Arden]], and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "[[M (fragrance)|M]]".<ref name=mtv1>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528037/mariah-wants-fans-see-her-smell-like-her.jhtml|title=Mariah Wants All Fans To See Her — And Even Smell Like Her|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|publisher=[[MTV News]]|date=April 6, 2006|accessdate=June 13, 2011}}</ref> In 2007, ''[[Forbes]]'' named her as the fifth richest woman in entertainment, with an estimated net worth of US $270 million.<ref name=namerer>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/music/the-diva-has-landed/story-e6frexl9-1111115979296|title=The Diva has Landed|last=Thompson|first=Tom|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2008|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/17/richest-women-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_slide_7.html?thisSpeed=30000|title=The Richest 20 Women In Entertainment|work=[[Forbes]]|publisher=Forbes Publishing|date=January 7, 2007|accessdate=July 10, 2011}}</ref> In November 2011, it was reported that Carey's net worth was valued at more than $500 million.<ref name=highestpaid/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/10/22/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-babies-2020/|title=Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon Let Barbara Walters Ogle Their Babies on '20/20'|last=Anderson|first=Kyle|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 2, 2011|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> On November 29, 2010, she debuted a collection on [[Home Shopping Network|HSN]], the collection range included jewelry, shoes and fragrances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsn.com/mariah-carey/mariah-carey_c-mc_a-7718_xc.aspx?rid=1831&prev=hp |title=Mariah Carey; Mariah Carey Jewelry, Shoes and Fragrances|work=[[HSN]]|publisher=HSN Inc.|date=March 3, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In November 2011, Carey was announced as the new global ambassador for [[Jenny Craig, Inc.|Jenny Craig]], following her weight loss with the program after giving birth to fraternal twins in April. Carey claims she lost {{Convert|70|lb|kg|adj=on}} on the program.<ref name="dailymail-2059911">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2059911/Mariah-Carey-twins-Moroccan-Monroe-look-comfy-cosy-carriers.html?ito=feeds-newsxml|title=Snug as a Bug In a Rug! Mariah's 'Dembabies' Moroccan and Monroe Look Comfy and Cosy in Their Carriers|last=Danner|first=Sarah|work=Daily Mail|date=March 30, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2011}}</ref>
Alex Macpherson of ''The Guardian'' noted that Carey's voice on ''Butterfly'' is "an instrument of texture rather than volume, with pillows of lavishly layered vocals and nuanced phrasing magnifying the emotional intensity of the songs."<ref name="auto"/> Randy Jackson said that "It's in the tone, that buttery tone that she has with her voice that is unbelievably amazing and unbelievably identifiable."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/pitn/date/2005-04-30/segment/01|title=Profiles of Mariah Carey and Usher|access-date=April 19, 2023|agency=CNN|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/pitn/date/2005-04-30/segment/01|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Film
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1999
!scope="row"| ''[[The Bachelor (1999 film)|The Bachelor]]''
| Ilana
|
|-
| 2001
!scope="row"| ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]''
| Billie Frank
| [[22nd Golden Raspberry Awards|2001 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress]]
|-
| 2002
!scope="row"| ''[[WiseGirls]]''
| Raychel
|
|-
| 2003
!scope="row"| ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]''
| Herself
| Cameo appearance
|-
| 2005
!scope="row"| ''[[State Property 2]]''
| Dame's Wifey
|
|-
| 2008
!scope="row"| ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]''
| Herself
| Cameo appearance
|-
| 2009
!scope="row"| ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]''
| Krystal
|
|-
| 2009
!scope="row"| ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]''
| Mrs. Weiss
|
[[Palm Springs International Film Festival|Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award]] <br />
Capri Hollywood International Film Festival Award for Supporting Actress of the Year<br />
[[Black Reel Awards of 2010|Black Reel Award for Best Ensemble]]<br />
[[Boston Society of Film Critics|Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Ensemble Cast]]<br />
Nominated – [[Black Reel Awards of 2010|Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
Nominated – [[NAACP Image Award]] for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture<br />
Nominated – [[Screen Actors Guild Award]] for Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture<br>
Nominated – [[Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2009|Critics' Choice Awards]] for Best Acting Ensemble
|-
|2013
!scope="row"| ''[[The Butler]]''
|Hattie Pearl
|
|}
=== Stage performances and videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
[[File:MariahRAH270519-32 (49620848628).jpg|thumb|Carey pressing her [[in-ear monitor]], while hitting a whistle note during her Caution World Tour in 2019]]
|+ Television
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1990–2008
!scope="row"| ''[[Saturday Night Live]] ''
| Musical Guest
| "[[Patrick Swayze]]/Mariah Carey" (Season 16, Episode 4)<br>"[[Linda Hamilton]]/Mariah Carey" (Season 17, Episode 6)<br>"[[Claire Danes]]/Mariah Carey" (Season 23, Episode 6)<br>"[[Jonah Hill]]/Mariah Carey" (Season 33, Episode 8)
|-
| 2002
!scope="row"| ''[[Ally McBeal]] ''
| Candy Cushnip
| "[[List of Ally McBeal episodes#Season 5: 2001–02|Playing with Matches]]" (Season 5, Episode 8)
|-
| 2003
!scope="row"| ''[[The Proud Family]]''
| Herself (voice)
|"Monkey Business" (Season 3, Episode 1)
|-
| 2013
!scope="row"| ''[[American Idol]]''
| [[Adjudicator|Judge]]
| Season 12
|}
Despite being called a "show stopper" and "the 1990s pop phenomenon",<ref name="CNNMCLP">{{Cite news|title=Mariah Carey walks off stage after technical snag|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/01/entertainment/mariah-carey-show-snag/index.html|agency=CNN|date=January 1, 2017|access-date=May 19, 2021|archive-date=May 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519092419/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/01/entertainment/mariah-carey-show-snag/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey suffered from stage fright in her early years in the music industry.<ref name="PaperMag1MC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.papermag.com/the-ultimate-diva-mariah-carey-1427528523.html|title=The Ultimate Diva: Mariah Carey|website=Paper Magazine|date=March 27, 2015|access-date=February 18, 2021|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127182100/https://www.papermag.com/the-ultimate-diva-mariah-carey-1427528523.html|url-status=live}}</ref> One of her earliest performances was at ''MTV Unplugged'', which received positive reception as Carey silenced critics saying her vocals were studio-made.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3017594/mariah-carey-unplugged-twenty-five-years/|title=Pay Homage to Mariah Carey's MTV Unplugged|access-date=February 18, 2021|agency=MTV News|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221337/http://www.mtv.com/news/3017594/mariah-carey-unplugged-twenty-five-years/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey's "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" rendition at the [[Super Bowl XXXVI]] was called "stunning" by ''Billboard''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8476545/mariah-carey-wants-to-do-super-bowl-halftime-show|title=Mariah Carey Says She'd 'Love' to Do a Super Bowl Halftime Show|access-date=February 18, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=February 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208014418/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8476545/mariah-carey-wants-to-do-super-bowl-halftime-show|url-status=live}}</ref> She also performed "[[America the Beautiful]]" at the 1990 NBA Finals in which ''Rolling Stone'' writer, Brittany Spanos, stated the players were struck "with awe by the incredible talent of a burgeoning young star".<ref name="RollingStoneMC">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/mariah-carey-performances-vision-love-butterfly-999954/america-the-beautiful-1000028/|title=15 Incredible Mariah Carey Performances|date=February 19, 2021|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204926/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/mariah-carey-performances-vision-love-butterfly-999954/america-the-beautiful-1000028/|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer received the only standing ovation of the night at the [[48th Annual Grammy Awards]], after performing the medley of "We Belong Together and "[[Fly Like a Bird]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/983834771.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+09%2C+2006&author=Ben+Rayner&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Mariah+Carey%2C+meet+U2%2C+Kelly%3B+Comeback+stalled+as+U2+takes+five+Grammys+Canadians+come+up+empty-handed+at+awards+show&pqatl=google|title=Mariah Carey, Meet U2, Kelly; Comeback Stalled as U2 Takes five Grammys Canadians Come Up Empty-handed at Awards Show|author-link=Ben Rayner|last=Rayner|first=Ben|newspaper=Toronto Star|publisher=Torstar|date=December 9, 2005|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725044403/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/983834771.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+09%2C+2006&author=Ben+Rayner&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Mariah+Carey%2C+meet+U2%2C+Kelly%3B+Comeback+stalled+as+U2+takes+five+Grammys+Canadians+come+up+empty-handed+at+awards+show&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although Carey's performance at ''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve 2017'' was marred by technical issues, she returned to the stage a year later and, according to ''Time'', "effectively redeemed herself".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5084034/mariah-carey-hot-tea-meme-nye-2018/|title=Mariah Carey's New Year's Eve Tea Disaster Is the Hottest Meme of 2018 So Far|date=January 2, 2018|magazine=Time|access-date=July 15, 2023|archive-date=July 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715212149/https://time.com/5084034/mariah-carey-hot-tea-meme-nye-2018/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Discography==
{{Main|Mariah Carey albums discography|Mariah Carey singles discography|Mariah Carey videography|List of Mariah Carey songs}}
*''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]'' (1990)
*''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]'' (1991)
*''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' (1993)
*''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' (1994)
*''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995)
*''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997)
*''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'' (1999)
*''[[Glitter (soundtrack)|Glitter]]'' (2001)
*''[[Charmbracelet]]'' (2002)
*''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005)
*''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'' (2008)
*''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'' (2009)
*''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'' (2010)
*''[[The Art of Letting Go]]'' (2013)
Carey is known for being very static during her live performances. Some reviewers credited her stage fright and lack of confidence as the reasoning,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2010/02/24/mariah-carey-gets-into-the-groove-at-gibson/|title=Mariah Carey gets into the groove at Gibson|newspaper=[[The Orange County Register]]|date=February 24, 2010|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204924/https://www.ocregister.com/2010/02/24/mariah-carey-gets-into-the-groove-at-gibson/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/mariah-carey-fans-worry-singer-can-t-actually-move-after-static-american-music-awards-performance-a3958001.html|title=Mariah Carey fans worry singer can't actually move after static American Music Awards performance|newspaper=Evening Standard|date=October 10, 2018|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210195803/https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/mariah-carey-fans-worry-singer-can-t-actually-move-after-static-american-music-awards-performance-a3958001.html|url-status=live}}</ref> while others pointed out that her performances focus on her vocals and the quality of her songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertainment-focus.com/2014/02/26/watch-mariah-careys-bet-honors-performance/|title=Watch Mariah Carey's BET Honors Performance|publisher=Entertainment Focus|date=February 26, 2014|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111806/https://entertainment-focus.com/2014/02/26/watch-mariah-careys-bet-honors-performance/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her onstage hand gesticulations have usually been mimicked,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/11/13/flying-with-mariah-carey-at-borobudur.html|title=Flying with Mariah Carey at Borobudur|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=November 13, 2018|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204925/https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/11/13/flying-with-mariah-carey-at-borobudur.html|url-status=live}}</ref> as the singer has a tendency for "using her hands to point, flutter and sweep through the air as she deftly crests each run".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/news-and-politics/why-wild-gesticulating-could-indicate-genius/75182/|title=WHY WILD GESTICULATING COULD INDICATE GENIUS|publisher=OZY|date=February 6, 2017|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204927/https://www.ozy.com/news-and-politics/why-wild-gesticulating-could-indicate-genius/75182/|url-status=dead}}</ref> When reviewing Carey's 2014 concert, Michael Lallo wrote that "If you're Mariah, you ... stroke your hair a lot. When a high note is on the horizon, you brace yourself by touching your ear and adopting a pained expression, provoking the crowd into losing its collective mind."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/mariah-carey-review-this-real-diva-knows-how-its-done-20141108-11j1na.html|title=Mariah Carey review: This real diva knows how it's done|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=November 8, 2014|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204926/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/mariah-carey-review-this-real-diva-knows-how-its-done-20141108-11j1na.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Wikipedia books|Mariah Carey}}
{{Portal|Mariah Carey}}
* [[List of artists who reached number one in the United States|List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)]]
* [[List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart]]
* [[List of best-selling music artists]]
* [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States|List of best selling music artists in U.S.]]
* [[List of Mariah Carey concert tours|List of Mariah Carey tours]]
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|group=n|name=born}}
Carey had been open about the fact that she had not been happy with some of her early music videos, and has subsequently been noted for self-directing and co-producing her subsequent videography.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Every Mariah Carey Music Video From 1990 to Today: Watch Her Evolution|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8480243/mariah-carey-music-video-evolution/|access-date=August 31, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=August 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831184826/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8480243/mariah-carey-music-video-evolution/|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video for "Fantasy" was the first that Carey directed entirely on her own,<ref name="nickson8"/> and "Honey" pushed Carey further towards hip hop and R&B than before.<ref name="nickson8">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=161–162}}</ref> Its music video gained further attention, as Carey, for the first time in her career, was provocatively dressed, giving viewers a "taste of the freer Mariah."<ref name="nickson8"/> In 2007, author Saul Austerlitz wrote Carey had been "marketed as a whitebread pop princess" in her earlier music videos, adding the plots, directorial styles, clothes, and auras from later videos like "Heartbreaker" were very different and she was displayed as an "R&B diva".<ref>{{harvnb|Austerlitz|2007|p=9}}</ref> ''Billboard'' ranked Carey 73rd on its list of "The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time" in 2020, stating that "over three decades, [Carey] has gone from breezy girl next door, flaunting a denim collection as wide as her vocal range, to secret agent, runaway bride and even her own stalker in a collection of music videos that play like mini-dramas".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/9440075/100-best-music-video-artists|title=The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time: Staff List|magazine=Billboard|date=August 27, 2020|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=August 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827203952/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/9440075/100-best-music-video-artists|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video for "[[The Roof (Back in Time)|The Roof]]" was ranked 18th on ''Slant Magazine''{{'}}s "100 Greatest Music Videos.<ref name="100video">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/feature/100-greatest-music-videos/205/page_9|title=100 Greatest Music Videos|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|magazine=Slant Magazine|date=June 30, 2003|access-date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=December 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221224506/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/feature/100-greatest-music-videos/205/page_9|url-status=live}}</ref> The music videos for "Honey" and "Heartbreaker" remain among the [[List of most expensive music videos|most expensive ever made]], costing over $2 million.<ref>{{harvnb|Carey|Davis|2020|p=215}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.uk.msn.com/photos/photos.aspx?cp-documentid=150253228&page=3|title=The Most Expensive Music Videos Ever Made: Mariah Carey – Heartbreaker|work=[[MSN Music]]|date=October 17, 2009|access-date=March 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809234423/http://music.uk.msn.com/photos/photos.aspx?cp-documentid=150253228&page=3|archive-date=August 9, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2021, Carey was honoured at the [[African American Film Critics Association]] with a Special Achievement Innovator Award for her "visual storytelling in her music videos and specials".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/mariah-carey-george-c-wolfe-aafca-special-achievement-awards-1234694514/|title=Mariah Carey, 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom's George C. Wolfe Nab AAFCA Special Achievement Awards|access-date=February 18, 2021|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=February 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217003840/https://deadline.com/2021/02/mariah-carey-george-c-wolfe-aafca-special-achievement-awards-1234694514/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Cultural status ==
==Bibliography==
{{Main|Cultural impact of Mariah Carey|Public image of Mariah Carey}}
[[File:Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] during the making of the "I Still Believe" music video in December 1998]]
Throughout her career, Carey has been called a [[pop icon]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/12/mariah-carey-mc30-meaning-of-mariah-essay.html|title=Mariah Carey Might Be As Close to Pop Perfection As Pop Will Ever Allow|access-date=March 4, 2021|website=Vulture|date=December 8, 2020|archive-date=February 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218040342/https://www.vulture.com/2020/12/mariah-carey-mc30-meaning-of-mariah-essay.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/forever-mariah-an-interview-with-an-icon/|title=Forever Mariah: An Interview With an Icon|website=Pitchfork|date=November 28, 2018|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107043251/https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/forever-mariah-an-interview-with-an-icon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/159685/sweet-fantasy-female-pop-star|title=The Sweet Fantasy of the Female Pop Star|access-date=March 4, 2021|magazine=The New Republic|date=October 9, 2020|last=Livingstone|first=Jo|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210201301/https://newrepublic.com/article/159685/sweet-fantasy-female-pop-star|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[gay icon]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fandomwire.com/the-song-that-turned-mariah-carey-into-a-gay-icon-and-messiah/|title=The Song That Turned Mariah Carey into a Gay Icon and Messiah|access-date=July 24, 2024|website=Fandom Wire|date=December 27, 2023|first=Rahul|last=Thokchom}}</ref> and a [[fashion icon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/mariah-carey-style-evolution-2018-3|access-date=March 31, 2021|publisher=Insider Inc.|title=43 Pictures that Show Mariah Carey's Glamorous Style Evolution|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111812/https://www.businessinsider.com/mariah-carey-style-evolution-2018-3|url-status=live}}</ref> She has been labeled a "[[diva]]" for her stardom and persona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/mariah-careys-craziest-moments-2017-9|title=20 of Mariah Carey's wildest and most diva moments|publisher=Insider Inc.|date=July 15, 2019|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111746/https://www.businessinsider.com/mariah-careys-craziest-moments-2017-9#when-she-subtly-dissed-madonna-1|url-status=live}}</ref> Her diva persona has received heavy attention, gaining admiration from her fans.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rnw8jq/how-the-gay-icon-in-music-has-evolved|title=How the Gay Icon in Music Has Evolved Since Mariah Carey|magazine=Vice|date=July 29, 2016|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710111024/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rnw8jq/how-the-gay-icon-in-music-has-evolved|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/heroism-of-mariah-carey/|title=The Heroism of Mariah Carey|work=The Rainbow Times|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712141804/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/heroism-of-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's style has often been described as "eccentric" and "over the top".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.redbookmag.com/life/news/a22238/mariah-careys-ex-breaks-his-silence-about-what-the-pop-star-is-really-like/|title=Mariah Carey's Ex Drops Some Major Truth Bombs About the Notorious Diva|magazine=Redbook|date=May 27, 2015|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421191840/https://www.redbookmag.com/life/news/a22238/mariah-careys-ex-breaks-his-silence-about-what-the-pop-star-is-really-like/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/84645/mariah-carey-album-title-generator/ |title=Make Your Own Iconic Mariah Carey Album Title |last=Macsai |first=Dan |magazine=Time |date=May 1, 2014 |access-date=May 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502151600/http://time.com/84645/mariah-carey-album-title-generator/ |archive-date=May 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout her career, she has also been used in several [[social media]] [[memes]], gaining the "Queen of [[throw shade|Shade]]" title from ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]''.<ref name="meme1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/mariah-carey-subway-meme-a-no-no-music-video|title=Mariah Carey Turned One of Her Most Famous Memes Into a Music Video|access-date=July 26, 2024|website=W|date=March 9, 2019|last=Munzenrieder|first=Kyle}}</ref> Carey's reactions in various interviews have often gone viral, becoming the originator for various memes including "[[I don't know her]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|date=May 18, 2016|access-date=May 27, 2024|first=Estelle|last=Tang|title=Mariah Carey, Queen of Shade, Dishes on J.Lo and Nicki Minaj|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a36445/mariah-carey-on-jlo-and-nicki-minaj/|magazine=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|archive-date=May 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527151301/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a36445/mariah-carey-on-jlo-and-nicki-minaj/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Carey's public image has undergone significant transformations, often receiving heavy media attention. Early in her career, Carey had a polished image, influenced by Mottola and his control over her career. After their separation, Carey took on a more provocative image in her career and has since been called a [[sex symbol]].<ref>{{harvnb|Harrison|2011|p=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Lauren|last1=Nostro|first2=Julian|last2=Patterson|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2012/12/the-100-hottest-female-singers-of-all-time/lisa-loeb|title=The 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time|magazine=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|date=December 10, 2012|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=April 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422202531/https://www.complex.com/music/2012/12/the-100-hottest-female-singers-of-all-time/lisa-loeb|url-status=live}}</ref> Her career has received heavy media attention, particularly during the rollout of her 2001 film, ''Glitter'' which became "tabloid legend".<ref name="NOWMC1">{{Cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/music/features/mariah-carey-caution-comeback|newspaper=Now|access-date=April 12, 2021|title=Have We Been Underestimating Mariah Carey?|date=November 29, 2018|archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412095413/https://nowtoronto.com/music/features/mariah-carey-caution-comeback|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/09/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-book-best-stories.html|title=10 Shocking Stories From Mariah Carey's Memoir|access-date=April 12, 2021|website=Vulture|date=September 30, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410235026/https://www.vulture.com/2020/09/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-book-best-stories.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Carey's enduring popularity as a musician has received extensive recognition and often praised for its longevity.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Branigin|first=Anne|date=December 17, 2019|title=All I Want For Christmas Is...the Bag: Mariah Carey's Holiday Staple Hits No. 1 on Billboard for First Time, New Music Video to Come|url=https://www.theroot.com/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-the-bag-mariah-careys-ho-1840491759|access-date=April 19, 2023|website=The Root|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://www.theroot.com/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-the-bag-mariah-careys-ho-1840491759|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hadi|first=Eddino|date=November 21, 2018|title=Music review: Diva Mariah Carey ditches her signature vocal acrobatics in her latest album|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/music-review-diva-mariah-carey-ditches-her-signature-vocal-acrobatics-in-her|access-date=April 19, 2023|website=The Straits Time|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/music-review-diva-mariah-carey-ditches-her-signature-vocal-acrobatics-in-her|url-status=live}}</ref> She has been credited for her role in breaking down racial barriers in popular culture and facilitating public discourse surrounding [[multiracialism]] in the music industry.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Molanphy|first=Chris|date=December 20, 2019|title=Why Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You" Is Finally No. 1|url=https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/mariah-carey-christmas-number-1-billboard-hot-100.html|access-date=April 29, 2023|website=Slate|archive-date=December 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206022145/https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/mariah-carey-christmas-number-1-billboard-hot-100.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey has also been credited for popularizing the use of [[melisma]] amongst her peers and the generation after her, and has often been considered one of the greatest vocalists in pop music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smoothradio.com/news/music/best-female-singers-of-all-time/|title=The 30 greatest female singers of all time, ranked in order of pure vocal ability|accessdate=August 1, 2024|website=Smooth Radio|date=March 7, 2024}}</ref> Carey has influenced numerous artists and her music has also been recorded, performed or sampled by a variety of acts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9900E6D9153EF936A35752C1A962958260|title=Pop Review; Playful Aretha Franklin Plumbs Roots of Soul|last=Holden|first=Stephen|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 5, 1994|access-date=April 12, 2011|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115112216/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/05/arts/pop-review-playful-aretha-franklin-plumbs-roots-of-soul.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vibe1">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2012/02/14/kelly-rowland-performs-fantasy-in-honor-of-mariah-carey/|title=Kelly Rowland performs "Fantasy" in honor of Mariah Carey|magazine=Rap-Up|date=February 14, 2012|access-date=July 20, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724114947/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/02/14/kelly-rowland-performs-fantasy-in-honor-of-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463928/dolly-parton-new-christmas-album-debuts-atop-charts|title=Dolly Parton Jingles In Atop Country & Holiday Album Charts: 'What a Great Early Christmas Present for Me!'|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023214708/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463928/dolly-parton-new-christmas-album-debuts-atop-charts/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2176900/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-hero/columns/the-number-ones/|title=The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Hero"|date=February 21, 2022|magazine=Stereogum|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412150111/https://www.stereogum.com/2176900/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-hero/columns/the-number-ones/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2010 article for ''The New York Times'', [[David Browne (journalist)|David Browne]] wrote "beginning [in 1990], melisma overtook pop in a way it hadn't before. Mariah Carey's debut hit from 1990, 'Vision of Love', [set] the bar insanely high for notes stretched louder, longer and knottier than most pop fans had ever heard." Browne further added "A subsequent generation of singers, including [[Christina Aguilera|Ms. Aguilera]], [[Jennifer Hudson]] and [[Beyoncé]], built their careers around melisma."<ref name="MelismaNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/arts/music/26browne.html|newspaper=The New York Times|first=David|last=Browne|title=Out With Mariah's Melisma, In With Kesha's Kick|date=August 10, 2010|access-date=November 10, 2011|archive-date=February 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201030211/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/arts/music/26browne.html?_r=2|url-status=live}}</ref>
"[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", as well as its parent album ''Merry Christmas'', have become such a ubiquitous part of wider [[popular culture]] that Carey's name became synonymous with the season, and she has since been dubbed the "Queen of Christmas".<ref name="vogue.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-analysis|first=Michelle|last=Ruiz|title=The Enduring Magic of Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You"|magazine=Vogue|date=December 23, 2015|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=November 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128193559/https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-analysis|url-status=live}}</ref> Multiple media sources have referred to Carey as a holiday icon.<ref name="billboard.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/mariah-carey-christmas-outfits-gallery-9501092/|title=Mariah Carey's Christmas Looks: See All Her Best Outfits|magazine=Billboard|date=December 20, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423024307/https://www.billboard.com/photos/mariah-carey-christmas-outfits-gallery-9501092/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/a3gqkz/how-mariah-carey-became-the-queen-of-christmas|title=how mariah carey became the queen of christmas|magazine=Vice|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131501/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/a3gqkz/how-mariah-carey-became-the-queen-of-christmas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/mother-and-baby/20221126158126/mariah-carey-reveals-lavish-christmas-plans-with-family/|title=Mariah Carey reveals lavish holiday plans with her kids - and they're so extra|magazine=Hello!|date=November 26, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131501/https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/mother-and-baby/20221126158126/mariah-carey-reveals-lavish-christmas-plans-with-family/|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer has often incorporated holiday-themed outfits during her Christmas shows and music videos.<ref name="billboard.com"/> She has also gone on to utilise the phrase "it's time" every Christmas season beginning on November 1, in reference to declaring that "it's time to start playing Christmas music".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/11/01/mariah-carey-interview-christmas/10647037002/ | title=Mariah Carey says her new Christmas book is for 'all the people who have ever felt othered' | newspaper=USA Today | access-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082658/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/11/01/mariah-carey-interview-christmas/10647037002/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Since 2019, she has recorded a video every year to declare "it's time".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/mariah-carey-cover-interview-2022|title=It's Mariah Season, Darling|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|date=November 25, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131459/https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/mariah-carey-cover-interview-2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Achievements ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey}}
{{See also|Cultural impact of Mariah Carey#Commercial success|label1=The commercial success of Mariah Carey}}
Throughout her career, Carey has earned numerous awards and honors. She has won six [[Grammy Award]]s (including a [[Grammy Global Impact Award]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey To Receive Global Impact Award At Recording Academy Honors Presented By The Black Music Collective |url=https://grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=Grammy Awards |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202011657/https://www.grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |url-status=live }}</ref> nineteen [[World Music Awards]], ten [[American Music Award]]s,<ref name="amas">{{cite web|url=https://www.theamas.com/winners-database/?winnerKeyword=Mariah+Carey|title=Winners Database – Mariah Carey|publisher=[[American Music Awards]]|access-date=March 10, 2018|archive-date=February 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225150503/https://www.theamas.com/winners-database/?winnerKeyword=Mariah+Carey|url-status=live}}</ref> and twenty [[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]].<ref name="r1QJQ">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6553980/mariah-carey-2015-billboard-music-awards|title=Mariah Carey to Perform at 2015 Billboard Music Awards|magazine=Billboard|access-date=May 9, 2015|archive-date=October 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009022718/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6553980/mariah-carey-2015-billboard-music-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey is one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling recording artists in history]], with more than 220 million records sold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey gets hand and footprints cemented in Hollywood history |url=https://abc7.com/mariah-carey-hollywood-handprints/2593074/ |access-date=February 8, 2024 |publisher=[[KABC-TV]] |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229095230/https://abc7.com/mariah-carey-hollywood-handprints/2593074/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She is also an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame,<ref name=Inducted>{{Cite magazine |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Mariah Carey to be inducted into Songwriters Hall of Fame |url=https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116201213/https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> according to whom she is "the all-time most successful female songwriter in chart history",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey |url=https://www.songhall.org/profile/mariah_carey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804143128/https://www.songhall.org/profile/mariah_carey |archive-date=August 4, 2024 |access-date=August 17, 2024 |publisher=[[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]}}</ref> and [[The Long Island Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 26, 2018 |title=Long Island Music Hall of Fame: Notable inductees |magazine=Newsday |url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/long-island-music-hall-of-fame-notable-inductees-u17563 |access-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601060044/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/long-island-music-hall-of-fame-notable-inductees-u17563 |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey was honored with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2015,<ref name="cgmV0">{{cite news|last=Leopold|first=Todd|title=Mariah Carey may join 'Empire,' gets Walk of Fame star|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/06/entertainment/mariah-carey-hollywood-star-empire-feat/|access-date=August 7, 2015|agency=CNN|date=August 6, 2015|archive-date=August 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809064516/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/06/entertainment/mariah-carey-hollywood-star-empire-feat|url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[Billboard Icon Award|''Billboard'' Icon Award]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-icon-award-speech-2019-bbmas-8509719/|title=Mariah Carey Gets Emotional During 2019 Billboard Music Awards Icon Acceptance Speech: Watch|magazine=Billboard|date=May 1, 2019|access-date=May 5, 2023|archive-date=May 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505151835/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-icon-award-speech-2019-bbmas-8509719/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, she became one of the first 13 recipients of the [[Brit Awards|BRIT Billion Award]], for surpassing the milestone one billion streams in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Paul|last=Grein|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/brit-billion-award-streaming-mariah-carey-lewis-capaldi-whitney-houston-1235321745/|title=Mariah Carey, Lewis Capaldi & More Receive New BRIT Billion Award, Marking 1 Billion UK Streams|magazine=Billboard|date=May 4, 2023|access-date=May 5, 2023|archive-date=May 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505044349/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/brit-billion-award-streaming-mariah-carey-lewis-capaldi-whitney-houston-1235321745/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Other activities ==
=== Business ventures ===
Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for [[Intel]] [[Centrino]] personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American [[Claire's]] and Icing stores.<ref name="jqmov">{{Cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_NBYEAAAAMBAJ#page/n25/mode/2up|title=The Branding of Mimi|last=Paoletta|first=Michael|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 19, 2011|date=July 15, 2006|pages=27–29}}</ref> During this period, as part of a partnership with [[Pepsi]] and [[Motorola]], Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive [[ringtone]]s, including "Time of Your Life".<ref name="EAsHr">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b52141_mariah_rings_up_pepsi.html|title=Mariah Rings Up Pepsi|last=Serpe|first=Gina|publisher=E!|date=August 29, 2006|access-date=August 10, 2011|archive-date=January 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115032925/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b52141_mariah_rings_up_pepsi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company [[Elizabeth Arden]], and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "M".<ref name="mtv1">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528037/mariah-wants-fans-see-her-smell-like-her.jhtml|title=Mariah Wants All Fans To See Her – And Even Smell Like Her|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|publisher=MTV News|date=April 6, 2006|access-date=June 13, 2011|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623214249/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528037/mariah-wants-fans-see-her-smell-like-her.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Elizabeth Arden deal has netted her $150 million.<ref name="xVhUT">{{cite news|last=Suddath|first=Claire|title=The Mariah Carey Business Model|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-23/the-mariah-carey-business-model|access-date=April 29, 2015|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=April 22, 2015|archive-date=April 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429000633/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-23/the-mariah-carey-business-model|url-status=live}}</ref> For the fragrance, Carey won a [[Basenotes#The Basenotes Fragrance Awards|Basenotes Fragrance Award]] for Best Celebrity Women's Fragrance as well as being nominated in three other categories.<ref name=Basenotes>The 8th Annual Basenotes Awards – [[Basenotes]]
:''Retrieved January 18, 2014'':
* For Celebrity Women's Fragrance: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fceleb.html|title=Best Celebrity Women's Fragrance: M by Mariah Carey|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=May 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101225/http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fceleb.html|url-status=dead}}
* For New Women's Fragrance: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fnew.html|title=Best New Women's Fragrance: Prada Infusion d'Iris by Prada|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128153054/https://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fnew.html|url-status=dead}}
* For Designer, Mainstream or Fine Fragrance: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/ffine.html|title=Best Designer, Mainstream or Fine Fragrance: Prada Infusion d'Iris by Prada|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=February 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210220226/http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/ffine.html|url-status=dead}}
* For Women's Fragrance for Day Wear: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fday.html|title=Best Woman's Fragrance for Day Wear: Prada Infusion d'Iris by Prada|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128223817/https://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fday.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has released a series of fragrances with Elizabeth Arden, including Luscious Pink (2008) and Forever (2009).<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2009/01/fda_cracks_down_on_bugs_in_mak.html|title=FDA Cracks Down on Bugs in Makeup; Mariah Carey Values Her $75 Fragrance at $600|date=January 13, 2009|access-date=January 30, 2021|magazine=New York|archive-date=February 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208220050/http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2009/01/fda_cracks_down_on_bugs_in_mak.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/08/21/mariah-carey-forever/|title=Mariah Carey Hopes to Dodge 'Forever' Curse With New Fragrance|publisher=MTV|access-date=September 1, 2009|archive-date=March 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303221419/http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/08/21/mariah-carey-forever/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On November 29, 2010, she debuted a collection on [[HSN]], which included jewelry, shoes and fragrances.<ref name="Hzahz">{{cite web|url=http://www.hsn.com/mariah-carey/mariah-carey_c-mc_a-7718_xc.aspx?rid=1831&prev=hp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712225946/http://www.hsn.com/mariah-carey/mariah-carey_c-mc_a-7718_xc.aspx?rid=1831&prev=hp|archive-date=July 12, 2011|title=Mariah Carey; Mariah Carey Jewelry, Shoes and Fragrances|publisher=[[HSN]]|date=March 3, 2011|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> In November 2011, Carey was announced as "brand ambassador" for [[Jenny Craig, Inc.]] which included "participation in a new company initiative... public service announcements and community and education programs."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-touting-jenny-craig-after-losing-30-pounds/#:~:text=The%20company%2C%20now%20called%20just,the%20birth%20of%20her%20twins.|title=Mariah Carey Touting Jenny Craig After Losing 30 Pounds|access-date=October 28, 2020|agency=CBS News|date=November 10, 2011|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043511/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-touting-jenny-craig-after-losing-30-pounds/#:~:text=The%20company%2C%20now%20called%20just,the%20birth%20of%20her%20twins.|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Carey featured in an advertisement for Hostelworld with the tagline "Even Divas are Believers".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/mariah-carey-accidentally-stays-in-a-hostel-in-ad-sings-karaoke.html|title=Mariah Carey Accidentally Stays in a Hostel in Ad; Sings Karaoke to Her Own Song|agency=[[CNBC]]|date=April 11, 2018|access-date=November 8, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109012956/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/mariah-carey-accidentally-stays-in-a-hostel-in-ad-sings-karaoke.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
On August 25, 2019, Carey signed a $12 million contract with the Walkers crisps brand as part of their Christmas campaign<ref name="mirror.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/music-megastar-mariah-carey-set-19006237|title=Music megastar Mariah Carey 'set to become the new face of Walkers Crisps'|first=Sam|last=Elliott|date=August 26, 2019|website=mirror|access-date=November 2, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929005444/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/music-megastar-mariah-carey-set-19006237|url-status=live}}</ref> and starred in a commercial for the company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2019/11/04/walkers-bags-mariah-carey-full-throated-christmas-ad|title=Walkers Bags Mariah Carey for Full-Throated Christmas Ad|access-date=October 28, 2020|website=The Drum|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031051657/https://www.thedrum.com/news/2019/11/04/walkers-bags-mariah-carey-full-throated-christmas-ad|url-status=live}}</ref> In conjunction with the 25th-anniversary release of ''Merry Christmas'' in 2019, she organized a gift guide with [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=15684304011|title=Mariah's Must-Haves|publisher=Amazon|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928205928/https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=15684304011|url-status=live}}</ref> and partnered for an exclusive [[Christmas ornament]] with [[Swarovski]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarovski.com/en-US/p-5543287/25th-Anniversary-Holiday-Ornament-by-Mariah-Carey/|title=Mariah Carey bijou 25th Anniversary Holiday Ornament by Mariah Carey on www.swarovski.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In December 2020, Carey launched a partnership with Virtual Dining Concepts and [[restaurateur]], [[Robert Earl]], for a biscuit line titled ''Mariah's Cookies''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/mariah-carey-holiday-cookies|title=All I Want for Christmas Are Mariah Carey's Cookies|access-date=April 4, 2021|website=The Food Network|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125122823/https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/mariah-carey-holiday-cookies|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Carey announced the launch of a new line of alcohol called ''Black Irish'', an homage to her Black, Venezuelan, and Irish heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecut.com/2021/08/mariah-carey-is-launching-a-line-of-irish-cream.html|title=Mariah Carey Is Launching a Line of … Irish Cream?|access-date=August 18, 2021|website=The Cut|date=August 17, 2021|archive-date=August 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817232459/http://www.thecut.com/2021/08/mariah-carey-is-launching-a-line-of-irish-cream.html|url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, Carey also partnered with [[McDonald's]], promoting an entirely new limited time menu.<ref name="mcdonaldsmariah">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9657814/mariah-carey-mcdonalds-menu-free-food|title=Mariah Carey Teams Up With McDonald's For a Menu of Free Goodies Leading Up to Christmas|access-date=November 11, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=November 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111010618/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9657814/mariah-carey-mcdonalds-menu-free-food|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Carey recorded nine video lessons for [[MasterClass]] titled "Mariah Carey Teaches the Voice as an Instrument", as well as re-recording "[[The Roof (Back in Time)]]" alongside [[Brandy Norwood|Brandy]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-masterclass-watch-online-1336683/|title=Mimi's MasterClass: Mariah Carey Takes Fans Inside Her Studio for New Online Series|access-date=April 16, 2022|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=April 14, 2022|archive-date=October 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002134252/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-masterclass-watch-online-1336683/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Philanthropy and activism ===
Carey is a philanthropist who has been involved with several charitable organizations. She became associated with the [[Fresh Air Fund]] in the early 1990s, and co-founded a camp located in [[Fishkill, New York]], that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities.<ref name="fresh">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=c98gAAAAIBAJ&pg=2220,934579&dq=camp+mariah&hl=en|title=Carey a Fresh Face for Fresh Air Fund|last=Hopkins|first=Eugene|newspaper=[[Sun Journal (Lewiston, Maine)|Sun Journal]]|date=December 4, 1994|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The camp was called [[Camp Mariah]] "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children," and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.<ref name="2FiIF">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426935/19990413/carey_mariah.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey to Receive Congressional Award for Charity Efforts|publisher=MTV News|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|date=April 13, 1999|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 10, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010810000607/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426935/19990413/carey_mariah.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey has continued her direct involvement with Camp Mariah, and by 2019 the executive director of The Fresh Air Fund reported that "...the kids who have gone to Camp Mariah have higher graduation rates out of high school and college.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Setoodeh |first=Ramin |title=Mariah Carey Reflects on Camp Mariah's 'Direct Impact on Kids Who Don't Have Other Options' |url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/mariah-carey-camp-mariah-fresh-air-fund-1203362179/ |access-date=December 21, 2019 |magazine=Variety |archive-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165604/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/mariah-carey-camp-mariah-fresh-air-fund-1203362179/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1999, Carey was presented with a [[Congressional Award]] for contributing "to expanding opportunities for all Americans through their own personal contributions, and [setting] exceptional examples for young people through their own successes in life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://congressionalaward.org/events/horizon.php |title=Congress Award |publisher=[[Congressional Award]] |access-date=January 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111160518/http://congressionalaward.org/events/horizon.php |archive-date=November 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/598-mariah-carey|title=Mariah Carey – Charity Work, Events and Causes|publisher=Look to the Stars|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726090955/http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/598-mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, she was honoured by ''Variety''{{'s}} Power of Women for her work with The Fresh Air Fund's Camp Mariah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2019-10-12/jennifer-aniston-awkwafina-mariah-carey-receive-honors-varietys-power-women-lunch|title=Jennifer Aniston, Awkwafina, Mariah Carey among Variety's Power of Women honorees|access-date=April 6, 2021|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 12, 2019|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421091757/https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2019-10-12/jennifer-aniston-awkwafina-mariah-carey-receive-honors-varietys-power-women-lunch|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Mariah Carey Neighborhood Ball in downtown Washington 2009 2 cropped.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Carey performing "Hero" during the 2009 Neighborhood Inaugural Ball for Barack Obama]]
Carey also donated royalties from her songs "Hero" and "One Sweet Day" to charities.<ref name="billboard2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472771/mariah-carey-embarrassed-over-gadhafi-linked-concert|title=Mariah Carey 'Embarrassed' Over Gadhafi-Linked Concert|magazine=Billboard|date=September 14, 2009|access-date=August 14, 2012|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710051433/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472771/mariah-carey-embarrassed-over-gadhafi-linked-concert|url-status=live}}</ref> She has worked with the [[Make-A-Wish Foundation]], and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements."<ref name="93zRj">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/carey-packs-times-square-with-early-morning-show|title=Mariah Carey – Carey Packs Times Square With Early Morning Show|magazine=Contactmusic.com|date=April 12, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822020557/http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/carey-packs-times-square-with-early-morning-show|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gy0mb">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654204/mariah-carey-performs-with-mother-on-holiday-tv-special.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Performs With Mother on Holiday TV Special|last=Dinh|first=James|publisher=MTV News|date=December 12, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623214126/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654204/mariah-carey-performs-with-mother-on-holiday-tv-special.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey has volunteered for the [[Police Athletic League of New York City]] and contributed to the [[obstetrics]] department of [[New York Presbyterian Hospital]] Cornell Medical Center. A percentage of the sales of ''MTV Unplugged'' was donated to various other charities.<ref name="pre">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/47992976.html?dids=47992976%3A47992976&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Jan+15%2C+2000&author=SHAUNA+SNOW&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Morning+Report%3B+ARTS+AND+ENTERTAINMENT+REPORTS+FROM+THE+TIMES%2C+NEWS+SERVICES+AND+THE+NATION%27S+PRESS.&pqatl=google|title=Morning Reports|last=Snow|first=Shauna|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=January 15, 2000|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725034338/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/47992976.html?dids=47992976%3A47992976&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Jan+15%2C+2000&author=SHAUNA+SNOW&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Morning+Report%3B+ARTS+AND+ENTERTAINMENT+REPORTS+FROM+THE+TIMES%2C+NEWS+SERVICES+AND+THE+NATION%27S+PRESS.&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2008, Carey was named Hunger Ambassador of the [[World Food Programme|World Hunger Relief Movement]].<ref name="HFb8H">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/mariah_saves_world_one_chalupa_time/30720|title=Carey Saves the World, One Chalupa at a Time|last=Ryan|first=Joyal|publisher=[[E!]]|date=August 29, 2006|access-date=August 18, 2011|archive-date=January 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114112518/http://www.eonline.com/news/mariah_saves_world_one_chalupa_time/30720|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2010, the song, "[[100% (Mariah Carey song)|100%]]", which was originally written and recorded for the film, ''Precious'',<ref name="uk7kr">{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/02/mariah-carey-to-release-duet-remix-album.html|title=Mariah Carey Will Release Duet, Remix Album|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721013103/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/02/mariah-carey-to-release-duet-remix-album.html|url-status=live}}</ref> was used as one of the theme songs for the [[2010 Winter Olympics]], with all money proceeds going to [[United States Olympic Committee|Team USA]].<ref name="wVfJV">{{cite web|url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30499|title=AT&T to Produce Exclusive Soundtrack for Athletes Competing in 2010 Olympic Winter Game|publisher=[[AT&T]]|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=June 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607231728/http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30499|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Carey was awarded with [[PETA]]'s Angel for Animals Award for promoting animal adoption through her animated movie ''All I Want for Christmas Is You''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peta.org/media/news-releases/mariah-carey-petas-holiday-angel-animals/|title=Mariah Carey is PETA's Holiday 'Angel for Animals'|access-date=April 29, 2023|publisher=[[PETA]]|date=December 18, 2017|archive-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318031342/https://www.peta.org/media/news-releases/mariah-carey-petas-holiday-angel-animals/|url-status=live}}</ref>
One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 ''[[Divas Live]]'' special, during which she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation. The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the ''[[VH1 Divas#Divas 2000|Divas 2000]]'' special and a [[VH1 Divas#VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night|2016 holiday edition]].<ref name="divas"/> She appeared at the ''[[America: A Tribute to Heroes]]'' nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks]] and performed before peacekeeping troops in [[Kosovo]].<ref name="6yvtj">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1449077/carey-others-sing-on-telethon.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey, Springsteen, Other Stars Sing For America on Telethon|last=Schumacher-Rasmussen|first=Eric|publisher=MTV News|date=September 22, 2001|access-date=April 13, 2011|archive-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623214102/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1449077/carey-others-sing-on-telethon.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey hosted the [[CBS]] television special ''At Home for the Holidays'', which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families.<ref name="qjRbw">{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2001-12-20/entertainment/18370230_1_adoption-sings-performers|title=Flawed Gala on Adoption|last=Bianculli|first=David|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=December 20, 2001|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=January 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112155358/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2001-12-20/entertainment/18370230_1_adoption-sings-performers|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2005, Carey performed for [[Live 8 concert, London|Live 8 in London]]<ref name="bbcnews">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4648051.stm|title=Live 8 attracts 9.6m UK viewers|publisher=BBC News|date=July 4, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=September 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923195656/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4648051.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and at the [[Hurricane Katrina]] relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm".<ref name="wzFWc">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/894426211.html?dids=894426211:894426211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2005&author=Sarah+Rodman&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=TELEVISION%3B+Stars+shine+spotlight+on+needy+during+Katrina+relief+telethon&pqatl=google|title=Stars Shine Spotlight on Needy During Katrina Relief Telethon|last=Rodman|first=Sarah|newspaper=[[Boston Herald]]|date=September 10, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725003016/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/894426211.html?dids=894426211:894426211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2005&author=Sarah+Rodman&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=TELEVISION%3B+Stars+shine+spotlight+on+needy+during+Katrina+relief+telethon&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2008, Carey and other singers recorded the charity single, "[[Just Stand Up]]" produced by [[Babyface (musician)|Babyface]] and L.A. Reid, to support [[Stand Up to Cancer]].<ref name="LVp8d">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/celebrity/week-ahead-bobby-browns-reality-check/|title=WEEK AHEAD: Bobby Brown's Reality Check|last=Kappes|first=Serena|magazine=People|date=May 3, 2008|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=July 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701142604/https://people.com/celebrity/week-ahead-bobby-browns-reality-check/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Carey participated in the [[iHeart Living Room Concert for America]] and ''[[Rise Up New York!]]'' telethons to raise money for those affected by [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Aswad |first=Jem |title=Elton John's 'Living Room Concert for America' Raises $8 Million for Coronavirus Relief |url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/elton-john-living-room-concert-for-america-raises-8-million-coronavirus-1203551388/ |magazine=Variety |access-date=April 16, 2020 |date=April 1, 2020 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308150656/https://variety.com/2020/music/news/elton-john-living-room-concert-for-america-raises-8-million-coronavirus-1203551388/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Tina Fey Brought to Tears Over Success of 'Rise Up New York' Telethon|url=https://www.etonline.com/tina-fey-brought-to-tears-over-success-of-rise-up-new-york-telethon-146398|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|first=Zach|last=Seemayer|date=May 11, 2020|access-date=May 18, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520002911/https://www.etonline.com/tina-fey-brought-to-tears-over-success-of-rise-up-new-york-telethon-146398|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the [[murder of George Floyd]], Carey took to social media and sang a snippet of her 1990 song "[[There's Got to Be a Way]]" while encouraging fans to demand justice.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9393819/mariah-carey-sings-theres-got-to-be-a-way-in-response-to-george-floyds-death-watch/|title=Mariah Carey Sings 'There's Got to Be a Way' in Response to George Floyd's Death: Watch|access-date=November 10, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028154959/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9393819/mariah-carey-sings-theres-got-to-be-a-way-in-response-to-george-floyds-death-watch/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2008, Carey performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. She later said she felt "horrible and embarrassed" to have taken part in the concert.<ref name="PyrdT">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/04/mariah-carey-gaddafi-concert|title=Mariah Carey 'embarrassed' over Gaddafi concert|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Sean|last=Michaels|date=March 4, 2011|access-date=December 21, 2013|archive-date=December 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221010009/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/04/mariah-carey-gaddafi-concert|url-status=live}}</ref> To make amends, in March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song "[[Save The Day (Mariah Carey song)|Save the Day]]", written for her fourteenth studio album, would be donated to charities that create awareness for human rights. Berger also said that Carey "has and continues to donate her time, money and countless hours of personal service to many organizations both here and abroad."<ref name="billboard2"/> "Save the Day" remained unreleased until 2020.<ref name="SAVETHEDAYMARIAH"/> In 2013, human rights activists criticized Carey for performing in a concert for [[Angola]]'s "father-daughter kleptocracy" and accused her of accepting "dictator cash".<ref name="EAxEE">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/20/mariah-carey-dictator-cash-angola-concert-dos-santos|title=Mariah Carey accused of accepting 'dictator cash' for Angola concert|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Sean|last=Michaels|date=December 20, 2013|access-date=December 21, 2013|archive-date=December 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221001158/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/20/mariah-carey-dictator-cash-angola-concert-dos-santos|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
[[File:Mariah Carey with her children.jpg|upright=1.0|thumb|Carey with her twins in 2019]]
Carey stated in 2006: "I do believe that I have been [[born again]] in a lot of ways. I think what I've changed are my priorities and my relationships with [[God in Christianity|God]]. I feel the difference when I don't have my private moments to pray... I'm a fighter, but I learned that I'm not in charge. Whatever God wants to happen is what's going to happen. I feel like I've had endless second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth chances. It's by the grace of God I'm still here."<ref name="wVmhp">{{cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey Testifies New Career Success Down to God|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/mariah.carey.testifies.new.career.success.down.to.god/7171.htm|magazine=[[Christianity Today]]|access-date=August 24, 2006|date=August 5, 2006|archive-date=March 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321102424/http://www.christiantoday.com/article/mariah.carey.testifies.new.career.success.down.to.god/7171.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Carey began dating Tommy Mottola while recording ''Mariah Carey'',<ref>{{harvnb|Carey|Davis|2020|p=129}}</ref> and they were married at the Episcopal [[Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan)|Saint Thomas Church]] in New York City on June 5, 1993, in a half-million dollar ceremony.<ref name="shapiro6"/> The newlyweds moved into a custom-built mansion, located on a {{convert|51|acre|adj=on}} estate in [[Bedford (town), New York|Bedford, New York]], referred to by Carey as "Sing Sing"<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Collis |first=Clark |date=January 30, 2013 |title='Hitmaker' Tommy Mottola recalls marriage to Mariah Carey |url=https://ew.com/article/2013/01/30/mariah-carey-tommy-mottola/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808044758/https://ew.com/article/2013/01/30/mariah-carey-tommy-mottola/ |archive-date=August 8, 2021 |access-date=August 8, 2021 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> (alluding to her feeling imprisoned there). After the release of ''Daydream'' and the success that followed, Carey began focusing on her personal life, which was a constant struggle at the time. Their relationship began to deteriorate due to their growing creative differences in terms of her music, as well as Mottola's controlling nature.<ref name="nickson38">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=156}}</ref> They separated in December 1996,<ref>{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|p=98}}</ref> and announced it publicly on May 30, 1997.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reilly|first=Patrick M.|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB865203574355965500|url-access=limited|title=Sony Official, Mariah Carey Disclose Plans to Separate|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=June 2, 1997|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113125400/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB865203574355965500|archive-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> The couple divorced on March 4, 1998.<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Matthew McCann|last1=Fenton |first2=Suna|last2=Chang|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/20/monitor-paula-abdul-and-mariah-carey-file-divorce/|title=Monitor: Paula Abdul and Mariah Carey file for divorce|date=March 20, 1998|access-date=July 15, 2024|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> Their home together was sold shortly afterwards for $20.5 million to [[Nelson Peltz]]<ref name=HouseSold>{{cite news|title=Mariah Carey's House Goes for $20M|url=https://apnews.com/article/9ce33c415b19e984ce14fdfa095a8869|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=April 21, 2021|date=May 26, 1998|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513195628/https://apnews.com/article/9ce33c415b19e984ce14fdfa095a8869|url-status=live}}</ref> and burned down in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|title=DREAM MANSION REDUCED TO ASHES|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1999/12/21/dream-mansion-reduced-to-ashes/|newspaper=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 21, 1999|access-date=August 27, 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Carey was in a relationship with baseball player [[Derek Jeter]] from 1997 to 1998,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2189039/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-my-all/columns/the-number-ones/|title=The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "My All"|website=Stereogum|access-date=May 30, 2023|archive-date=April 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412144554/https://www.stereogum.com/2189039/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-my-all/columns/the-number-ones/|url-status=live}}</ref> and with singer Luis Miguel from 1998 to 2001.<ref name="Luis Miguel Relationship"/> She began dating actor and comedian [[Nick Cannon]] while conceiving the music video for her song "[[Bye Bye (Mariah Carey song)|Bye Bye]]", which they filmed together on an island off the coast of [[Antigua]] in April 2008.<ref name="success">{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-get-wedding-tattoos|title=Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon Get Wedding Tattoos|last=McKay|first=Hollie|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=April 3, 2008|access-date=August 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101204436/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,354539,00.html|archive-date=November 1, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> They were married on April 30, 2008, in [[the Bahamas]].<ref name="MarriedNick">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586974/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-wedding-photo-released.jhtml|title=It's Official! Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon Wedding Photo, Comments Are Released|last=Vineyard|first=Jennier|publisher=MTV News|date=April 9, 2008|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=January 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121010617/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586974/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-wedding-photo-released.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> That same year, Carey suffered a [[miscarriage]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Entertainment/mariah-carey-announces-pregnancy-reveals-past-miscarriage/story?id=11992447|title=Mariah Carey Announces Pregnancy, Reveals Past Miscarriage|agency=ABC News|first=Sheila|last=Marikar|date=October 28, 2010|access-date=September 3, 2022|archive-date=September 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903073041/https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Entertainment/mariah-carey-announces-pregnancy-reveals-past-miscarriage/story?id=11992447|url-status=live}}</ref> At 35 weeks into her next pregnancy, she gave birth to their [[fraternal twin]]s, Moroccan and Monroe, on April 30, 2011,<ref name="cmTko">{{cite news|last=Christianson|first=Emily|title=Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon debut twins on '20/20'|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/10/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-debut-twins-on-2020.html|access-date=September 10, 2014|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 22, 2011|archive-date=September 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911012823/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/10/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-debut-twins-on-2020.html|url-status=live}}</ref> via [[Caesarean section]].<ref name="xmnMH">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/bodies/mariah-carey-tells-rosie-odonnell-i-lost-70-lbs-after-twins/|title=Mariah Carey Tells Rosie O'Donnell: I Lost 70 Lbs. After Twins|date=November 8, 2011|magazine=People|access-date=November 11, 2019|first=Sara|last=Hammel|archive-date=January 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128012929/https://people.com/bodies/mariah-carey-tells-rosie-odonnell-i-lost-70-lbs-after-twins/|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2014, Cannon confirmed he and Carey had separated.<ref name="ze40C">{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/celebrity/blogs/celeb-news/nick-cannon-confirms-mariah-carey-marriage-trouble--we-are-living-apart-202727771.html|title=Exclusive: Nick Cannon Confirms He and Mariah Carey Are Living Apart|first=Taryn|last=Ryder|date=August 21, 2014|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|archive-date=July 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724132820/https://www.yahoo.com/celebrity/blogs/celeb-news/nick-cannon-confirms-mariah-carey-marriage-trouble--we-are-living-apart-202727771.html}}</ref> He filed for divorce on December 12, 2014,<ref name="edivorce">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/multimedia/collection/stars-who-married-their-fans/?page=9|title=Stars who married their fans|newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]|access-date=November 11, 2022|archive-date=November 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111162853/https://www.washingtontimes.com/multimedia/collection/stars-who-married-their-fans/?page=9|url-status=live}}</ref> which was finalized in 2016.<ref name="I9uHJ">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/806335/mariah-carey-and-nick-cannon-s-divorce-has-been-finalized|title=Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon's Divorce Finalized|date=November 1, 2016|publisher=[[E!]]|last=Fisher|first=Kendall|access-date=November 1, 2016|archive-date=November 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102163133/http://www.eonline.com/news/806335/mariah-carey-and-nick-cannon-s-divorce-has-been-finalized|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2015, Carey began dating Australian billionaire [[James Packer]] and, on January 21, 2016, she announced they were engaged.<ref name="WKpgR">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/731548/mariah-carey-and-james-packer-are-engaged|title=Mariah Carey and James Packer are Engaged|publisher=E!|date=January 21, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|first=Melanie|last=Bromley|archive-date=January 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122173239/http://www.eonline.com/news/731548/mariah-carey-and-james-packer-are-engaged|url-status=live}}</ref> By October, however, they had called off the engagement.<ref name="KgfRJ">{{cite magazine|last=Mizoguchi|first=Karen|title=Mariah Carey 'Had to Leave' James Packer Because He Was 'Not Mentally Healthy' – But His Side Claims She 'Has Issues': Sources|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-james-packer-split-mental-health-allegations/|access-date=January 21, 2024|magazine=People|date=October 28, 2016|archive-date=January 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128111237/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-james-packer-split-mental-health-allegations/|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2016, she began dating American choreographer Bryan Tanaka.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bryan-tanaka-confirms-boyfriend/|title=Mariah Carey Finally Confirms That Bryan Tanaka Is Indeed Her Boyfriend|magazine=People|date=February 18, 2017|access-date=December 23, 2019|archive-date=December 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223190500/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bryan-tanaka-confirms-boyfriend/|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 26, 2023, Tanaka confirmed that he and Carey had parted ways after seven years of dating.<ref>{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Sherman|url=https://apnews.com/article/mariah-carey-bryan-tanaka-split-cf8ec4d3e8248f59ed31312d22b6da65|title=Mariah Carey and Bryan Tanaka split after 7 years together, dancer confirms|publisher=Associated Press|date=December 26, 2023|access-date=December 27, 2023|archive-date=December 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227013418/https://apnews.com/article/mariah-carey-bryan-tanaka-split-cf8ec4d3e8248f59ed31312d22b6da65|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, Carey opened up about taking therapy sessions and medication for her struggle with [[bipolar II disorder]]. She was diagnosed in 2001 and initially kept the diagnosis private.<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Jess|last=Cagle|url=http://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bipolar-disorder-diagnosis-exclusive/|title=Mariah Carey: My Battle with Bipolar Disorder|magazine=People|access-date=August 8, 2021|date=April 11, 2018|archive-date=August 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811104754/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bipolar-disorder-diagnosis-exclusive/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Discography ==
{{Main|Mariah Carey albums discography|Mariah Carey singles discography|List of songs recorded by Mariah Carey}}
{{div col}}
* ''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Glitter (soundtrack)|Glitter]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Charmbracelet]]'' (2002)
* ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005)
* ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Caution (Mariah Carey album)|Caution]]'' (2018)
{{div col end}}
== Filmography ==
{{See also|Mariah Carey videography}}
{{div col}}
* ''[[The Bachelor (1999 film)|The Bachelor]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001)
* ''[[WiseGirls]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' (2003)
* ''[[State Property 2]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]'' (2008)
* ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'' (2009)
* ''[[The Butler]]'' (2013)
* ''[[A Christmas Melody]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping]]'' (2016)
* ''The Keys of Christmas'' (2016)
* ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Girls Trip]]'' (2017)
* ''[[The Star (2017 film)|The Star]]'' (2017)
* ''[[All I Want for Christmas Is You (film)|All I Want for Christmas Is You]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Mariah's Christmas: The Magic Continues]]'' (2021)
{{div col end}}
== Tours and residencies ==
{{Main|List of Mariah Carey live performances}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
''' Headlining tours '''
* [[Music Box Tour]] (1993)
* [[Daydream World Tour]] (1996)
* [[Butterfly World Tour]] (1998)
* [[Rainbow World Tour]] (2000)
* [[Charmbracelet World Tour]] (2003–2004)
* [[The Adventures of Mimi]] (2006)
* [[Angels Advocate Tour]] (2009–2010)
* [[Australian Tour 2013 (Mariah Carey)|Australian Tour 2013]] (2013)
* [[The Elusive Chanteuse Show]] (2014)
* [[The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour]] (2016)
* [[Mariah Carey: Live in Concert]] (2018)
* [[Caution World Tour]] (2019)
* [[Merry Christmas to All! Tour]] (2022)
* [[Merry Christmas One and All!]] (2023)
* Mariah Carey's Christmas Time (2024)
{{col-2}}
''' Co-headlining tours '''
* [[All the Hits Tour (Lionel Richie and Mariah Carey)|All the Hits Tour]] (with [[Lionel Richie]]) (2017)
''' Residencies '''
* [[Live at the Pearl]] (2009)
* [[All I Want for Christmas Is You: A Night of Joy and Festivity]] (2014–2019)
* [[Number 1 to Infinity (concert residency)|#1 to Infinity]] (2015–2017)
* [[The Butterfly Returns]] (2018–2020)
* [[The Celebration of Mimi]] (2024)
{{col-end}}
== Written works ==
* {{cite book|title=All I Want for Christmas Is You|date=November 10, 2015|publisher=[[Random House Children's Books]]|isbn=978-0-399-55139-0|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/535327/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-by-mariah-carey-illustrated-by-colleen-madden/|access-date=July 24, 2020|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724052845/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/535327/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-by-mariah-carey-illustrated-by-colleen-madden/|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=The Meaning of Mariah Carey|date=September 29, 2020|publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]]|isbn=978-1-250-16468-1|url=https://themeaningofmariahcarey.com/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey.html|access-date=July 24, 2020|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724102954/https://themeaningofmariahcarey.com/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey.html|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=The Christmas Princess (The Adventures of Little Mariah)|date=November 1, 2022|publisher=[[Henry Holt Books for Young Readers]]|isbn=978-1-250-83711-0|url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250837110/thechristmasprincess|access-date=March 26, 2022|archive-date=May 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514184153/https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250837110/thechristmasprincess|url-status=live}}
== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|Pop music|United States}}
* [[List of best-selling singles]]
* [[List of best-selling albums]]
* [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States]]
* [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones]]
* [[List of artists who reached number one in the United States|List of artists who reached number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100]]
* [[List of artists who reached number one on the US dance chart]]
* [[Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. dance chart|Artists with the most number-ones on the US dance chart]]
* [[Forbes list of highest-earning musicians|''Forbes'' list of highest-earning musicians]]
* [[List of music artists by net worth]]
* [[List of largest music deals]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Print sources ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Austerlitz|first=Saul|title=Money For Nothing: A History of the Music Video from the Beatles to the White Stripes|year=2007|place=New York|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]]|isbn=978-0-8264-2958-2}}
* {{cite book
* {{Cite book|last=Breihan|first=Tom|title=The Number Ones: Twenty Chart-Topping Hits That Reveal the History of Pop Music|year=2022|place=New York|publisher=[[Hachette Books]]|isbn=978-0-306-82653-5}}
| last = Appleman
* {{cite book|last1=Carey|first1=Mariah|author-link1=Mariah Carey|last2=Davis|first2=Michaela Angela|author-link2=Michaela Angela Davis|date=2020|title=[[The Meaning of Mariah Carey]]|place=New York|publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company|Andy Cohen Books]]|isbn=978-1-250-16468-1}}
| first = Chris
* {{Cite book |last=James |first=Harold |year=2010 |title=Guinness Rockopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessrockoped0000unse |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Guinness Publishing |isbn=978-0-85112-072-0 }}
| title = The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application
* {{Cite book|last=Harrison|first=Thomas|title=Music of the 1990s|year=2011|place=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-0-313-37942-0}}
| year = 1986
* {{cite book |last=Mulholland |first=Garry |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music |year=2003 |location=UK |publisher=Flame Tree Publishing |isbn=978-1-904041-70-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000unse_j5o2 }}
| publisher = Indiana University Press
* {{Cite book |last=Nickson |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Nickson |title=Mariah Carey revisited |year=1998 |publisher=St. Martin's Griffin |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-19512-0}}
| location = Bloomington
* {{Cite book|last=Pollock|first=Bruce|title=America's Songs III: Rock!|year=2017|place=New York|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-63813-6}}
| isbn = -0253351103
* {{Cite book |last=Shapiro |first=Marc |year=2001 |title=Mariah Carey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-52eG8YN4tAC&pg=PA18 |location=Toronto |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=978-1-55022-444-3 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119181715/https://books.google.com/books?id=-52eG8YN4tAC&pg=PA18 |url-status=live }}
| ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Soto-Morettini |first=Donna |year=2014 |title=Popular Singing and Style |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-1864-4 |oclc=880196585}}
* {{cite book
| last = James
| first = Harold
| title = Guinness Rockopedia
| year = 1998
| publisher = Guinness Publishing Ltd
| location = Los Angeles
| isbn = 0-85112-072-5
| ref = harv}}
* {{cite book
| last = Nickson
| first = Chris
| title = Mariah Carey: her story
| year = 1995
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-13121-0
| ref = harv}}
* {{cite book
| last = Nickson
| first = Chris
| title = Mariah Carey revisited
| year = 1998
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-19512-0
| ref = harv}}
* {{cite book
| last = Peckham
| first = Anne
| title = Vocal Workouts for the Contemporary Singer
| year = 2005
| publisher = Berklee Press
| location = Boston
| isbn = 0-87639-047-5
| ref = harv}}
* {{cite book
| last = Shapiro
| first = Marc
| title = Mariah Carey: the unauthorized biography
| year = 2001
| publisher = ECW Press
| location = Toronto
| isbn = 978-1-55022-444-3
| ref = harv}}
* {{cite book
| last = Viros
| first = Alexandre
| title = Casser les Voix
| year = 2009
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = Paris
| isbn = 978-0-312-19512-0
| ref = harv}}
* Hardy, Phil. ''The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music: Fully Revised Third Edition'' (2001). pg. 156–157. UK: Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN 0-571-19608-X.
* Mulholland, Garry. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music'' (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.
* ''[[Fred Bronson]]'s Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition'' (ISBN 0-8230-7677-6)
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties'' (ISBN 0-89820-074-1)
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties'' (ISBN 0-89820-137-3)
* Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in ''Billboard's'' [http://www.billboard.biz/ online archive services] and print editions of the magazine.
{{refend}}
== External links ==
<!-- Please do not include fansites. We have a Google directory link. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[[WP:EL]] -->
{{Sister project links|wikt=no |commons=Mariah Carey |b=no |n=no |q=Mariah Carey |s=no |voy=no |v=no |species=no |d=Q41076 |display=Mariah Carey}}
* {{Official website|http://www.mariahcarey.com}}
* {{AllMusic}}
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p62404}}
* {{IMDb name|0001014|Mariah Carey}}
* {{Twitter}}
*{{NYTtopic|people/c/mariah_carey/}}
*{{Guardiantopic|music/mariahcarey}}
*{{Charlie Rose view|2938}}
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-n91-112415}}
{{left|{{s-start}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=49411392|LCCN=n/91/112415}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{Navboxes|list1=
{{Ss-start}} {{S-achnew|first}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Billboard Artist of the Decade Award|Billboard Artist of the Decade]]|years=1990s}}
{{Succession box
{{s-aft|after=[[Eminem]]}}
| title = [[Billboard Music Award|Billboard Artist of the Decade]]
{{s-end}}
| years = 1999
| before= —
| after = [[Eminem]]
}}
{{end}}
{{Mariah Carey}}
{{Mariah Carey singlessongs}}
{{Navboxes
{{American Idol}}
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey|Awards for Mariah Carey]]
|list =
{{American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist}}
{{American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist}}
{{Billboard Year-End number one albums}}
{{Billboard Year-End Top Artists}}
{{Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress}}
{{Grammy Award for Best New Artist}}
{{Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album}}
{{MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group}}
{{Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year}}
}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Carey, Mariah
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American singer
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 27, 1969 or 1970
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Huntington, New York, United States
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carey, Mariah}}
[[Category:Mariah Carey| ]]
[[Category:19701969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American actresseswomen singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American women singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American singers]]
[[Category:20th-century pianistsAmerican actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American women singers]]
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[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
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[[Category:21st-century pianistsAmerican businesspeople]]
[[Category:Actresses from New York (state)]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American female singer-songwritersactresses]]
[[Category:African-American film actresses]]
[[Category:African-American pianists]]
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[[Category:African-American televisionwomen actressessinger-songwriters]]
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[[Category:American autobiographers]]
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[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Venezuelan descent]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:American soul singers]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:American voice actresses]]
[[Category:American ballad musicians]]
[[Category:Columbia Records artists]]
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[[Category:Def Jam Recordings artists]]
[[Category:Epic Records artists]]
[[Category:Female music video directors]]
[[Category:Grammy Award-winning artistswinners]]
[[Category:Hispanic and Latino American actresses]]
[[Category:Hispanic and Latino American musicians]]
[[Category:Idol (TV series) judges]]
[[Category:Island Records artists]]
[[Category:PeopleMusic fromvideo Huntington, New Yorkcodirectors]]
[[Category:SingersJudges fromin NewAmerican Yorkreality television series]]
[[Category:SingersPeople withfrom aGreenlawn, fiveNew octave vocal rangeYork]]
[[Category:SongwritersPeople fromwith Newbipolar Yorkdisorder]]
[[Category:Spanish-languagePhilanthropists singersfrom ofNew theYork United States(state)]]
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[[Category:Singers with a five-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:American torch singers]]
[[Category:Virgin Records artists]]
[[Category:American women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Women hip hop record producers]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]
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