Marine geology: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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=== Natural hazard assessment ===

[[File:2004_Indonesia_Tsunami_Complete.gif|thumb|Model of the earthquake epicenter and tsunami extent of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]]

Earthquakes are one of the most common [[natural disaster]]s.<ref name=":27">{{Cite journal |date=2013 |title=Large earthquakes may trigger more earthquakes |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.026947 |journal=Physics Today |issue=4 |page=3634 |doi=10.1063/pt.5.026947 |bibcode=2013PhT..2013d3634. |issn=1945-0699}}</ref> Furthermore, they can cause other disasters, such as tsunamis and [[landslide]]s, such as the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|underwater earthquake in the Indian Ocean]] occurred at a [[Magnitude (earthquake)|magnitude]] of 9.1 which then triggered a tsunami that caused waves to reach a height of at least 30&nbsp;ft and killed approximately 230,000 people in 13 different countries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rajendran |first1=C. P. |last2=Rajendran |first2=K. |last3=Anu |first3=R. |last4=Earnest |first4=A. |last5=Machado |first5=T. |last6=Mohan |first6=P. M. |last7=Freymueller |first7=J. |date=2007-01-01 |title=Crustal Deformation and Seismic History Associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake: A Perspective from the Andaman-Nicobar Islands |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050630 |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=97 |issue=1A |pages=S174–S191 |bibcode=2007BuSSA..97S.174R |doi=10.1785/0120050630 |issn=0037-1106}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Kathryn |date=2023-09-25 |title=2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami: Facts and FAQs |url=https://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/2004-indian-ocean-earthquake-tsunami-facts |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=World Vision |language=en-US}}</ref> Marine geology and understanding plate boundaries supports the development of [[early warning system]]s and other mitigation techniques to protect the people and environments who may be susceptible to [[natural disaster]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Šepić |first1=J. |last2=Vilibić |first2=I. |date=2011-01-05 |title=The development and implementation of a real-time meteotsunami warning network for the Adriatic Sea |journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=83–91 |doi=10.5194/nhess-11-83-2011 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2011NHESS..11...83S |issn=1684-9981}}</ref> Many [[Earthquake early warning system|earthquake early warning systems]] (EEWS) are in place and more are being developed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schlesinger |first1=Angela |last2=Kukovica |first2=Jacob |last3=Rosenberger |first3=Andreas |last4=Heesemann |first4=Martin |last5=Pirenne |first5=Benoît |last6=Robinson |first6=Jessica |last7=Morley |first7=Michael |date=2021-08-04 |title=An Earthquake Early Warning System for Southwestern British Columbia |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=9 |page=657 |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.684084 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..657S |issn=2296-6463}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cremen |first1=Gemma |last2=Bozzoni |first2=Francesca |last3=Pistorio |first3=Silvia |last4=Galasso |first4=Carmine |date=February 2022 |title=Developing a risk-informed decision-support system for earthquake early warning at a critical seaport |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.108035 |journal=Reliability Engineering & System Safety |volume=218 |pages=108035 |doi=10.1016/j.ress.2021.108035 |issn=0951-8320}}</ref>

== Future research ==