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'''Mass media''' include the diverse arrays of [[media (communication)|media]] that reach a large audience via [[mass communication]].

'''Mass media''' include the diverse arrays of [[media (communication)|media]] that reach a large audience via [[mass communication]].


[[Broadcast media]] transmit information electronically via media such as [[film]]s, [[radio]], recorded music, or [[television]]. [[Digital media]] comprises both [[Internet]] and [[mobile web|mobile]] mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as [[email]], [[social media]] sites, [[website]]s, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing [[QR code]]s in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media transmits information via such media as [[augmented reality]] (AR) [[advertising]]; [[billboard]]s; [[blimp]]s; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or [[skywriting]].<ref name="enotes"/> Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as [[book]]s, [[comics]], [[magazine]]s, [[newspaper]]s, or [[pamphlet]]s.<ref>Riesman ''et al.'' (1950) ch. 2 p. 50</ref> Event organising and [[public speaking]] can also be considered forms of mass media.<ref name="buzzle"/>

[[Broadcast media]] transmit information electronically via media such as [[film]]s, [[radio]], recorded music, or [[television]]. [[Digital media]] comprises both [[Internet]] and [[mobile web|mobile]] mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as [[email]], [[social media]] sites, [[website]]s, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other [[mass media]] outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing [[QR code]]s in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media transmits information via such media as [[augmented reality]] (AR) advertising; [[billboard]]s; [[blimp]]s; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or [[skywriting]].<ref name="enotes"/> Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as [[book]]s, [[comics]], [[magazine]]s, [[newspaper]]s, or [[pamphlet]]s.<ref>Riesman ''et al.'' (1950) ch. 2 p. 50</ref> Event organising and [[public speaking]] can also be considered forms of mass media.<ref name="buzzle"/>

[[File:Salahzulfikar1961.jpg|thumb|upright=175|175px|Egyptian movie star [[Salah Zulfikar]] on the cover of Al-Kawakeb magazine, March 1961, an example of mass media]]

[[File:Salahzulfikar1961.jpg|thumb|upright=175|175px|Egyptian movie star [[Salah Zulfikar]] on the cover of Al-Kawakeb magazine, March 1961, an example of mass media]]

'''Mass media organisations''' or '''mass media companies''' that control these technologies include movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations;<ref name="dictionary"/><ref name="Arguing for a general framework for mass media scholarship"/> they often form [[media conglomerate]]s.

The organisations that control these technologies, such as movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations, are also known as the mass media.<ref name="dictionary"/><ref name="Arguing for a general framework for mass media scholarship"/>{{qn|date=September 2012}}


== Issues with definition ==

== Issues with definition ==


In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings and television. The explosion of digital [[information and communications technology|communication technology]] in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example, it is controversial whether to include [[mobile phone]]s and [[video game]]s in the definition. In the early 2000s, a classification called the "seven mass media" came into use.<ref>Sashwat Yogi "Role Of Media In Social Awareness (A Review Study)." ''Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews'' 1.1 (2013): 71–73, [https://mgesjournals.com/hssr/article/view/hssr1111 online]{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. </ref> In order of introduction, they are:

In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings and television. The explosion of digital communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example, it is controversial whether to include [[mobile phone]]s and [[video game]]s in the definition. In the early 2000s, a classification called the "seven mass media" came into use.<ref>Sashwat Yogi "Role Of Media In Social Awareness (A Review Study)." ''Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews'' 1.1 (2013): 71–73, [https://mgesjournals.com/hssr/article/view/hssr1111 online]{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. </ref> In order of introduction, they are:


# [[Printing|Print]] (books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.) from the late 15th century

# [[Printing|Print]] (books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.) from the late 15th century
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<ref name="Encyclopedia of library and information science, Volume 65">{{cite book|author=Newhagen, J.E.|chapter="The role of feedback in assessing the news on mass media and the Internet"|editor=Kent, Allen|title=Encyclopedia of library and information science, Volume 65|publisher=CRC Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8247-2065-0|page=210|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iA2bIDF3Kt0C&pg=PA210}}</ref>

<ref name="Encyclopedia of library and information science, Volume 65">{{cite book|author=Newhagen, J.E.|chapter="The role of feedback in assessing the news on mass media and the Internet"|editor=Kent, Allen|title=Encyclopedia of library and information science, Volume 65|publisher=CRC Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8247-2065-0|page=210|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iA2bIDF3Kt0C&pg=PA210}}</ref>


<ref name="History of Mass Media">{{cite web | url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-mass-media.html | title=History of Mass Media | publisher=Buzzle.com | access-date=26 November 2011 | author=Bhattacharyya, Ajanta | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005200619/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-mass-media.html | archive-date=5 October 2011 | url-status=usurped }}</ref>

<ref name="History of Mass Media">{{cite web | url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-mass-media.html | title=History of Mass Media | publisher=Buzzle.com | access-date=26 November 2011 | author=Bhattacharyya, Ajanta | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005200619/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-mass-media.html | archive-date=5 October 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


<ref name="Lorimer94p26">Lorimer and Scannell (1994) pp. 26–27</ref>

<ref name="Lorimer94p26">Lorimer and Scannell (1994) pp. 26–27</ref>
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<ref name="Vipond2000p88">Vipond (2000) p. 88</ref>

<ref name="Vipond2000p88">Vipond (2000) p. 88</ref>


<ref name="buzzle">{{cite web | url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-mass-media.html | title=Different Types of Mass Media | publisher=Buzzle.com | access-date=26 November 2011 | author=Manohar, Uttara | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114011523/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-mass-media.html | archive-date=14 November 2011 | url-status=usurped }}</ref>

<ref name="buzzle">{{cite web | url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-mass-media.html | title=Different Types of Mass Media | publisher=Buzzle.com | access-date=26 November 2011 | author=Manohar, Uttara | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114011523/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-mass-media.html | archive-date=14 November 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


<ref name="dictionary">{{cite book|chapter=Mass media|title=Oxford English Dictionary|postscript=,}} online version November 2010</ref>

<ref name="dictionary">{{cite book|chapter=Mass media|title=Oxford English Dictionary|postscript=,}} online version November 2010</ref>

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