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===Opioid withdrawal===
Because the withdrawal effects of kratom are often reported to be less severe than those associated with traditional opioids,<ref name="warner" /> some people use kratom in the attempt to manage [[opioid use disorder]].,<ref name=":2" /> despite lack of evidence (as of yet) supporting this use. {{As of|2018}}, there have been no formal trials to study the efficacy or safety of kratom to treat opioid addiction.<ref name="FDA2018" /> Kratom is not approved for this or any other medical use.<ref name="EMCDDA" /> Stanciu et al. conducted a review of all literature and found insufficient evidence for any conclusions concerning whether kratom is harmful or whether can serve as harm reduction for those with opioid addiction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stanciu |first1=Cornel |last2=Ahmed |first2=Saeed |last3=Gnanasegaram |first3=Samantha |last4=Gibson |first4=Stephen |last5=Penders |first5=Thomas |last6=Grundmann |first6=Oliver |last7=McCurdy |first7=Christopher |date=2022-09-03 |title=Kratom as an opioid alternative: harm, or harm reduction? A systematic review of literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36001875/ |journal=The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=509–528 |doi=10.1080/00952990.2022.2111685 |issn=1097-9891 |pmid=36001875|s2cid=251810402 }}</ref> While some [[literature review]]s claim that kratom has less potential for [[Substance dependence|dependence]] or [[Drug overdose|overdose]] than traditional opioids,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Henningfield|first1=Jack E.|last2=Fant|first2=Reginald V.|last3=Wang|first3=Daniel W.|date=2018|title=The abuse potential of kratom according the 8 factors of the controlled substances act: implications for regulation and research|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=235|issue=2|pages=573–589|doi=10.1007/s00213-017-4813-4|issn=1432-2072|pmc=5813050|pmid=29273821}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Eastlack|first1=Steven C.|last2=Cornett|first2=Elyse M.|last3=Kaye|first3=Alan D.|date=2020|title=Kratom—Pharmacology, Clinical Implications, and Outlook: A Comprehensive Review|journal=Pain and Therapy|volume=9|issue=1|pages=55–69|doi=10.1007/s40122-020-00151-x|issn=2193-8237|pmc=7203303|pmid=31994019}}</ref> other reviews note that kratom withdrawal itself can still be quite severe.<ref name="Stan2019" />
Data on how widely it is used worldwide are lacking, as it is not detected by typical drug-screening tests.<ref name="Adkins 2011-05-01"/> Rates of kratom use appear to be increasing among those who have been self-managing chronic pain with opioids purchased without a prescription and are cycling (but not quitting) their opioid use.<ref name="Adkins 2011-05-01"/>
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