Muhammad Yunus: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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Line 86: In 2012, Yunus became [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of [[Glasgow Caledonian University]] in Scotland, a position he held until 2018.<ref name="BBC-Glasgow">{{cite news |date=1 July 2012 |title=Muhammad Yunus accepts Glasgow Caledonian University post |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-18653792 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413174536/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-18653792 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |access-date=21 June 2018 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 July 2012 |title=Muhammad Yunus Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University |url=http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2012-13/417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107172044/http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2012-13/417 |archive-date=7 November 2013 |access-date=18 August 2012 |work=[[UK Parliament]]}}</ref> Previously, he was a professor of economics at [[Chittagong University]] in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Professor Muhammad Yunus|url=https://keough.nd.edu/muhammad-yunus/|access-date=9 June 2020|website=Keough School – University of Notre Dame|language=en-US|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410103540/https://keough.nd.edu/muhammad-yunus/|url-status=live}}</ref> He published several books related to his finance work. He is a founding board member of Grameen America and [[Grameen Foundation]], which support microcredit.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh dissolves Parliament; protesters call for Nobel laureate to lead |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/06/bangladesh-yunus-government-military-hasina/ |access-date=2024-08-08 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Yunus also served on the board of directors of the [[United Nations Foundation]], a public charity to support [[United Nations|UN]] causes, from 1998 to 2021.<ref name="test">{{Cite web|url=https://unfoundation.org/|title=United Nations Foundation | Helping the UN build a better world.|website=unfoundation.org}}</ref> In 2022, he partnered with [[Global Esports Federation]] to build [[esports]] for the development movement.<ref name="gef">{{cite web |url=https://www.globalesports.org/post/gef-partners-yunus-sports-hub-e4dmovement |title=Global Esports Federation partners with Yunus Sports Hub to build Esports for Development movement |publisher=[[Global Esports Federation]] |date=2022-09-28 |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809111816/https://www.globalesports.org/post/gef-partners-yunus-sports-hub-e4dmovement |url-status=live }}</ref> After dissolving the parliament on 6 August 2024, Bangladeshi president [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]] nominated Yunus to serve as the head of the [[Yunus interim government|interim government of Bangladesh]], acceding to [[Non-cooperation movement (2024)|student demands]] following the resignation of former Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]].<ref name="Wapo20240806">{{cite news |last1=Majumder |first1=Azad |last2=Mehrotra |first2=Karishma |last3=Gupta |first3=Anant |last4=Ripon |first4=Tanbirul Miraj |last5=Seth |first5=Anika Arora |date=6 August 2024 |title=Bangladeshi officials meet student demand to name Nobel laureate as leader |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/06/bangladesh-yunus-government-military-hasina/ |access-date=2024-08-08 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref> The main pledge of his ministry is organize a constituent assembly to draft and adopt a new, democratic and inclusive constitution, ensuring the inviolability of human dignity.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Constituent assembly to be convened for charter reform: Nahid |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/en/national/news/76602 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924185219/https://www.jagonews24.com/en/national/news/76602 |archive-date=September 24, 2024 |access-date=}}</ref> His acquittal on appeal the following day of charges of labour code violations, which were viewed as [[Politically motivated trials|politically motivated]], facilitated his return to the country and appointment.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr |title=Le Prix Nobel Muhammad Yunus arrive au Bangladesh pour former un gouvernement |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/08/08/le-prix-nobel-muhammad-yunus-atterrit-au-bangladesh-pour-former-un-gouvernement_6272846_3210.html |date=2024-08-08 }}</ref> ==Early life and education== Line 213: Yunus faced 174 lawsuits in Bangladesh, 172 of which were civil cases. Allegations included labour law violations, corruption, and money laundering, which Yunus alleged were politically motivated.<ref name="New Age">{{cite news |date=8 September 2023 |title=Nobel laureate Yunus faces 174 cases in Bangladesh |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/211670/nobel-laureate-yunus-faces-174-cases-in-bangladesh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109235625/https://www.newagebd.net/article/211670/nobel-laureate-yunus-faces-174-cases-in-bangladesh |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=New Age}}</ref> Hasina launched a series of trials against Yunus.<ref name="ti19Sep2013">{{cite news |date=19 September 2013 |title=The never-ending trial of Muhammad Yunus |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/contributors/contributions/rashidul-bari/The-never-ending-trial-of-Muhammad-Yunus/articleshow/22757491.cms?intenttarget=no |access-date=8 July 2015 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304120433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/contributors/contributions/rashidul-bari/The-never-ending-trial-of-Muhammad-Yunus/articleshow/22757491.cms?intenttarget=no |url-status=live }}</ref> The former put the latter on trial in 2010 and ultimately removed him from [[Grameen Bank]],<ref name="dawn">{{cite news |url=http://dawn.com/news/1054597/yunus-slams-destruction-of-grameen |title=Yunus slams 'destruction' of Grameen |work=Dawn |date=7 November 2013 |access-date=8 July 2015 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417013937/https://www.dawn.com/news/1054597/yunus-slams-destruction-of-grameen |url-status=live }}</ref> citing his age.<ref name="theguardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/21/muhammad-yunus-microfinance-grameen-bank-bangladesh|title=Microfinance guru Muhammad Yunus faces removal from Grameen Bank|work=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2015|archive-date=19 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619141515/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/21/muhammad-yunus-microfinance-grameen-bank-bangladesh|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, he was tried a second time, because he had supposedly received earnings without the necessary government permission, including his Nobel Peace Prize earnings and royalties from his book sales.<ref name="huffingtonpost">{{cite news |title=Muhammad Yunus Accused of Tax Evasion, Bangladesh To Take Legal Action Against Nobel Laureate |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/10/muhammad-yunus-tax-evasion_n_3900633.html |newspaper=HuffPost |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914115624/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/10/muhammad-yunus-tax-evasion_n_3900633.html |archive-date=14 September 2013 |access-date=8 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series of trials against Yunus<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web |url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/beyond-profit-a-talk-with-muhammad-yunus/ |title=Beyond Profit: A Talk With Muhammad Yunus |last=Bornstein |first=David |date=17 April 2013 |work=Opinionator |type=Opinion |access-date=8 July 2015 |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328161043/https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/beyond-profit-a-talk-with-muhammad-yunus/ |url-status=live }}</ref> puzzled figures worldwide, from the 8.3 million underprivileged women served by Grameen Bank to U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref name="nytimes4">{{cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Somini |date=19 February 2007 |title=A Nobel Prizewinner's Hat Alters the Political Ring in Bangladesh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/19/world/asia/19bangla.html |access-date=8 July 2015 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410103808/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/19/world/asia/19bangla.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite news |author=Farid Ahmed |title=Bangladesh asked to find a compromise to end bank crisis |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/22/bangladesh.bank.crisis/ |access-date=8 July 2015 |work=CNN |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410103808/http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/22/bangladesh.bank.crisis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Vikas Bajaj wrote on 7 November 2013: Line 222: ===Background=== For many years, Yunus remained a follower of Hasina's father, [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Sheikh Mujib]], the country's founding father.<ref name="webs">{{cite web|url=http://bangabandhuporisad.webs.com/|title=Home – FATHER OF BENGALEE NATION|publisher=bangabandhuporisad.webs.com|access-date=8 July 2015|archive-date=9 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709011442/http://bangabandhuporisad.webs.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> While, teaching at [[Middle Tennessee State University]],<ref name="mtsu">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtsu.edu/yunus/|title=Middle Tennessee State University | Middle Tennessee State University|publisher=mtsu.edu|access-date=8 July 2015|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305072948/https://www.mtsu.edu/yunus/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yunus founded the Bangladesh ===From friend to foe=== Line 230: ===Historical description=== On 11 January 2007, Army General Moeen U Ahmed staged a military coup.<ref>{{cite news |title=1/11 changeover: How it happened and why |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/302518/1-11-changeover-how-it-happened-and-why |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=11 January 2023}}</ref> Meanwhile, Yunus turned down his request to become the nation's fourth Chief Advisor after [[Khaleda Zia]]'s term ended. Yunus, however, suggested the general pick [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]<ref name="oneindia">{{cite web |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2007/01/12/dr-fakhruddin-caretaker-head-of-bangladesh-1168612741.html |title=Dr Fakhruddin caretaker head of Bangladesh |work=Oneindia |date=12 January 2007 |access-date=8 July 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015626/http://news.oneindia.in/2007/01/12/dr-fakhruddin-caretaker-head-of-bangladesh-1168612741.html |url-status=live }}</ref> for the job. Fakhruddin took office on 11 January 2007 and made it clear on his first day that he intended not only to arrange a free and fair election but also to clean up corruption. While Khaleda and Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed that it was not his job to clean up corruption, Yunus expressed his satisfaction. In an interview with the AFP news agency, Yunus remarked "There is no ideology here."<ref name="bbc18Jan2011" /> Hasina had a harsh reaction to Yunus's comments, calling him a "usurer who has not only failed to eradicate poverty but has also nurtured poverty.<ref name="bdnews24b">{{cite news |title=Usurers up in arms to usurp politics, Hasina tells cultural activists |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/usurers-up-in-arms-to-usurp-politics-hasina-tells-cultural-activists |newspaper=bdnews24.com |date=17 February 2007 |access-date=8 July 2015}}</ref>" This was Hasina's first public statement against Yunus. Later Yunus announced the name of this prospective political party, ''[[Nagorik Shakti]]'' ( ===Proceedings=== Line 339: [[Category:Chittagong Collegiate School and College alumni]] [[Category:Development specialists]]
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