Nail (anatomy): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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Line 9: | Image = Fingernails2.jpg | Caption = Human fingernails | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Precursor = Line 93: ==== Eponychium ==== {{main|Eponychium}} Together, the | author = Elsevier | author-link = Elsevier Line 101: | url = http://dorlands.com | postscript = . }}</ref> although a distinction is still drawn here.) It is the cuticle (nonliving part) that is removed during a manicure, but the eponychium (living part) should not be touched due to risk of infection.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} The The nail wall (''vallum unguis'') is the cutaneous fold overlapping the sides and proximal end of the nail. The lateral margin (''margo lateralis'') lies beneath the nail wall on the sides of the nail, and the nail groove or fold (''sulcus matricis unguis'') are the cutaneous slits into which the lateral margins are embedded.<ref name="Feneis-2000" /> Line 171: ===Health and care=== [[File:Manicure kit late 1940s.jpg The best way to care for nails is to trim them regularly. [[Nail file|Filing]] is also recommended, as to keep nails from becoming too rough and to remove any small bumps or ridges that may cause the nail to get tangled up in materials such as [[Textile|cloth]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cohen|first1=Philip R.|last2=Scher|first2=Richard K.|date=1992-04-01|title=Geriatric nail disorders: Diagnosis and treatment|url=http://www.jaad.org/article/0190-9622(92)70075-Q/abstract|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|language=en|volume=26|issue=4|pages=521–531|doi=10.1016/0190-9622(92)70075-Q|pmid=1597537|issn=0190-9622|doi-access=free}}</ref> Line 223: {{main|manicure|pedicure}} [[File:Pedicure.JPG| [[File:Nails and nature (17357450972).jpg|thumb|Nail art]] Manicures (for the hands) and pedicures (for the feet) are health and cosmetic procedures to groom, trim, and paint the nails and manage [[callus]]es. They require various tools such as cuticle [[scissors]], nail scissors, [[nail clipper]]s, and [[nail file]]s. [[Artificial nails]] can also be fixed onto real nails for cosmetic purposes. A person whose occupation is to cut, shape and care for nails as well as to apply overlays such as acrylic and UV gel is sometimes called a [[nail stylist]]. The place where a nail stylist works may be a [[nail salon]] or nail shop or nail bar. Painting the nails with colored [[nail polish]] (also called nail lacquer and nail varnish) to improve the appearance is a common practice dating back to at least 3000 Acrylic nails are made out of acrylic glass (PMMA). When it is mixed with a liquid monomer (usually ethyl methacrylate mixed with some inhibitor) it forms a malleable bead. This mixture begins to cure immediately, continuing until completely solid in minutes. Acrylic nails can last up to 21 days but can last longer with touch-ups. To give acrylic nails color, gel polish, nail polish, and dip powders can be applied.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nailsmag.com/386817/secret-ingredient-acrylic-liquid|title=Secret Ingredient: Acrylic Liquid}}</ref>▼ ▲Acrylic nails are made out of acrylic glass ([[Poly(methyl methacrylate)|PMMA]]). When it is mixed with a liquid monomer (usually ethyl methacrylate mixed with some inhibitor) it forms a malleable bead. This mixture begins to cure immediately, continuing until completely solid in minutes. Acrylic nails can last up to 21 days but can last longer with touch-ups. To give acrylic nails color, gel polish, nail polish, and dip powders can be applied.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nailsmag.com/386817/secret-ingredient-acrylic-liquid |title=Secret Ingredient: Acrylic Liquid |work=Nails |date=June 27, 2011 }}</ref> ▲Painting the nails with colored [[nail polish]] (also called nail lacquer and nail varnish) to improve the appearance is a common practice dating back to at least 3000 B.C. Gel nails can be utilized in order to create artificial nail extensions, but can also be used like nail polish. They are hardened using ultraviolet light. They last longer than regular nail polish and do not chip. They have a high-gloss finish and last for two to three weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/are-gel-nails-damaging_uk_5d52b0bae4b05fa9df04c708|title=Gel Manicures Look Good, but What's the Damage to Your Nails?|date=12 October 2019}}</ref>▼ ▲[[Gel nails]] can be Nail wraps are formed by cutting pieces of [[fiberglass]], linen, silk fabric, or another material to fit on the surface of the nail (or a tip attached prior), to be sealed onto the nail plate with a layer of resin or glue. They do not damage the nail and also provide strength to the nail but are not used to lengthen it. It can also be used to fix broken nails. The treatment is however more expensive.▼ ▲[[Nail With the dip powder method, a clear liquid is brushed onto a nail and the nail is then placed into pigmented powder.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/dip-powder-nails-are-they-safe|title=Everything You Need to Know About Dip Powder Nails|date=3 January 2017}}</ref> Dip nails tend to last about a month, 2–3 weeks longer than gel and acrylic nails. It can be worn on natural nails, or with tips to create an artificial nail. Dip powder nails do not require any UV/LED light to be cured, instead they are sealed using an activator.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The quickest way to remove dip powder is to drill, clip off, or buff out layers of the powder so, when they are soaking in acetone, they slide right off.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEO7daJsbCEC&pg=PA397|title = A Practical Guide to Beauty Therapy for NVQ Level 2|isbn = 9780748771509|last1 = Simms|first1 = Janet|year = 2003| publisher=Nelson Thornes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allure.com/story/how-to-remove-dip-nails|title=How to Remove Dip Nails at Home|date=14 April 2020}}</ref>▼ ▲With the dip powder method, a clear liquid is brushed onto a nail and the nail is then placed into pigmented powder.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/dip-powder-nails-are-they-safe|title=Everything You Need to Know About Dip Powder Nails|date=3 January 2017}}</ref> Dip nails tend to last about a month, 2–3 weeks longer than gel and acrylic nails. It can be worn on natural nails, or with tips to create an artificial nail. Dip powder nails do not require any UV/LED light to be cured, instead they are sealed using an activator.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The quickest way to remove dip powder is to drill, clip off, or buff out layers of the powder so, when they are soaking in [[acetone]], they slide right off.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEO7daJsbCEC&pg=PA397 |title ===Length records=== Line 243 ⟶ 245: The current record-holder for men, according to ''Guinness'', is [[Shridhar Chillal]] from India who set the record in 1998 with a total of {{convert|20|ft|2.25|in|cm}} of nails on his left hand. His longest nail, on his thumb, was {{convert|4|ft|9.6|in|cm}} long. The former record-holder for women | title = Crash breaks woman's record-length fingernails | publisher = NBCNews | date = December 2009 | url = }}</ref>However, as of 2022, the record for woman is held by Diane Armstrong from Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-fingernails-(female)-ever|title=Longest fingernails on a pair of hands ever (female)|website=guiness world records}}</ref>
==Evolution in primates== | |||