Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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In [[189 BC]], Nakhichevan was part of the new [[Kingdom of Armenia]] established by [[Artaxias I]].<ref name="Monuments">Argam Ayvazian. ''The Historical Monuments Of Nakhichevan'', p. 10. ISBN 0-8143-1896-7</ref> Within the kingdom, the region of present-day Nakhichevan was part of the [[Ayrarat]], [[Vaspurakan]] and [[Syunik]] provinces. <ref>Hewsen. ''Armenia: A Historical Atlas'', p. 100.</ref> The area's status as a major trade center allowed it to prosper, though because of this, it was coveted by many foreign powers. <ref name="Hewsen" /> According to historian [[Faustus of Byzantium]] (4th century), when the [[Sassanid Dynasty|Sassanid Persians]] invaded Armenia, Sassanid King [[Shapur II]] (310-380) removed 2,000 Armenian and 16,000 Jewish families in 360-370. <ref name="Sapor2">[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1787&letter=A ARMENIA, by Richard Gottheil, Herman Rosenthal, Louis Ginzberg]</ref> In [[428]], the Armenian [[Arshakuni Dynasty|Arshakuni]] monarchy was abolished and Nakhichevan was annexed by Sassanid Persia. In 623, possession of the region passed to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. <ref name="GreatSoviet" /> From 640 on, Arabs invaded Nakhichevan and undertook many campaigns in the area crushing all resistance and attacking Armenian nobles who remained in contact with the Byzantines or who refused to pay tribute. In 705, Armenian nobles and their families were locked into a church at Nakhichevan and by order of the governor, the church was burnt with them inside. <ref name="Bauer" /> Eventually, Arab rule was firmly establish and Nakhichevan became part of the autonomous Principality of Armenia under Arab control. <ref name="Byzantium">Mark Whittow. ''The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025'', p. 210. ISBN 0-520-20497-2</ref> In 8th century, Nakhichevan was one of the scenes of an uprising against the Arabs led by freedom fighter [[Babak Khorramdin]]. <ref name="GreatSoviet" /> Nakhichevan was finally liberated from Arab rule in the 10th century by [[Bagratuni Dynasty|Bagratid]] King [[Smbat I]] and handed over to the princes of Syunik. <ref name="Monuments" />

[[Image:AkKoyunlu.jpg|thumb|right|right|200px|Flag of the [[Ak Koyunlu]], or White Sheep Turkomans who ruled the area of Nakhichevan in the 15th century.]]

By the 11th century, however, it was conquered by the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq Turks]]. <ref name="GreatSoviet" /> In 12th century, the city of Nakhichevan became the capital of the state of [[Atabegs of Azerbaijan]], also known as Ildegizid state, which included mostparts of [[IranianArran (Azerbaijan)|Arran]] and significant[[Iranian part of South CaucasusAzerbaijan]]. <ref>[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=/home1/iranica/articles/v2_articles/atabakan-e_adarbayjan&OptStrLogFile=/home/iranica/public_html/logs/pdfdownload.html Encyclopedia Iranica, "Atabakan-e Adarbayjan"], Saljuq rulers of Azerbaijan, 12th–13th, Luther, K. pp. 890-894.</ref> The magnificent 12th century [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum|mausoleum of Momine khatun]], the wife of Ildegizid ruler, Great [[Atabeg]] Jahan Pehlevan, is the main attraction of modern Nakhichevan. <ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Tentative Lists: Azerbaijan: The Mausoleum of Nakhichevan]</ref> At its heydays, the Ildegizid authority in Nakhichevan and some other areas of South Caucasus was contested by the [[Georgia (country)|Kingdom of Georgia]]. The Armeno-Georgian princely house of Zacharids frequently raided the region when the Atabeg state was in decline in the early years of the 13th century. It was then plundered by invading Mongols in 1220 and Khwarezmians in 1225 and became part of [[Mongol Empire]] in 1236 when the Caucasus was invaded by [[Chormaqan]]. <ref name="GreatSoviet" /> The 14th century saw the rise of [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholicism]] in Nakhichevan,<ref name="Hewsen" /> though by the 15th century the territory became part of the states of [[Kara Koyunlu]] and [[Ak Koyunlu]].<ref name="GreatSoviet" />

===Second Persian rule===