National Progressive Front (Syria): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia


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| leader3_name = [[Hafez al-Assad]]

| foundation = {{Start date and age|1972}}

| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Politics of Syria|Pro-[[Syrian government]]}}<br>[[Ba'athism#NeoArab nationalism]]<br>[[Arab socialism]]<br>[[Pan-Ba'athism|NeoArabism]]<br>[[Secularism]]<br>[[Anti-Ba'athismZionism]]<br>{{collapsible list|title=Factions:|[[Neo-Ba'athism]]<br>[[Nasserism]]<br>[[Communism]]<br>[[Syrian nationalism]]<br>[[Left-wing nationalism]]<br>[[Islamic socialism]]<br>[[Labourism]]}}

| headquarters = [[Damascus]]

| position = [[Big tent]]<br>'''Factions''':<br>[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]

| seats1_title = [[People's CouncilAssembly of Syria|People's CouncilAssembly]]

| seats1 = {{Composition bar|183185|250|hex={{party color|National Progressive Front (Syria)}}}}

| seats2_title = [[Council of Ministers (Syria)|Council of Ministers]]

| seats2 = {{Composition bar|205|3530|hex={{party color|National Progressive Front (Syria)}}}}

| website = {{url|http://pnf.org.sy}}

| country = Syria

}}

The '''National Progressive Front''' ({{Lang-ar|الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية}}, ''al-Jabha al-Waṭaniyyah al-Taqaddumiyyah'', '''NPF''') is a pro-government coalition of [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] parties in [[Syria]] that supports the [[Arab nationalism|Arab nationalist]] and [[Arab socialism|Arab socialist]] orientation of the government and accepts the "leading role" of the ruling [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party]]. The coalition was formed on the basis of the [[Popular front|Popular Front]] model of [[Socialist Bloc]], through which Syrian Ba'ath party governs the country by permitting nominal participation of smaller, satellite parties. The NPF is part of Ba'ath Party's efforts to expand its support base and neutralize prospects for any sustainable [[Liberalism|liberal]] or left-wing opposition, by instigating splits within independent leftist parties or repressing them.{{Efn|Sources:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Is Syria socialist? 2022 Guide |url=https://www.youngpioneertours.com/is-syria-socialist/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210080019/https://www.youngpioneertours.com/is-syria-socialist/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |website=Young Pioneer Tours}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Hajj-Saleh |first=Yassîn |date=1 October 2018 |title=L’oppositionL'opposition syrienne |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2003-1-page-71.htm?ref=doi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428113345/https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2003-1-page-71.htm?ref=doi |archive-date=28 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Seale |first=Patrick |title=Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East |publisher=University of California Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-520-06667-7 |location=Los Angeles, USA |pages=175-176175–176 |chapter=19: The Enemy Within}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taha |first=Zakaria |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00734750 |title=The Kurdish opposition and the Baath regime in Syria: between identity dynamics and cooptation strategies |publisher=HAL SHS |year=2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428120545/https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00734750 |archive-date=28 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Batatu |first=Hanna |title=Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-691-00254-1 |location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK |pages=121, 274, 275}}</ref>}}

NPF model has been instrumentalized by the Ba'athist system to enforce a highly centralized [[Presidential system]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leverett |first=Flynt |title=Inheriting Syria: Bashar's Trial by Fire |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8157-5204-2 |location=1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 |pages=26 |chapter=Chapter Two: Hafiz’s Legacy, Bashar’s Inheritance}}</ref> The satellite parties within the NPF have smaller political power and largely functionsfunction as networks for mobilizing loyalty to the government. [[Student activism]] and political activities in [[Syrian Arab Armed Forces|armed forces]] are strictly prohibited for non-Ba'athist parties in the NPF, amongst other restrictions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Batatu |first=Hanna |title=Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-691-00254-1 |location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK |pages=187 |chapter=13: The Post-1970 Asad-molded, Career-oriented Ba'ath}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Seale |first=Patrick |title=Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East |publisher=University of California Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-520-06667-7 |location=Los Angeles, USA |pages=176 |chapter=}}</ref>

==History==

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==Constituent parties==

{{update section|reason=Based on 2020 elections. [https://data.ipu.org/parliament/SY/SY-LC01/election/SY-LC01-E20200719/ IPU election results] by party not released for 2024 yet|date=September 2024}}

The NPF is currently composed of the following political parties:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"

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|-

|style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region}}" |

| [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://pnf.org.sy/?page=category&category_id=113|title=الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية|first=Mohannad |last=Orfali-|website=pnf.org.sy}}</ref>

| [[Bashar al-Assad]]

| [[Ba'athism#Neo-Ba'athism|Neo-Ba'athism]]<br />[[Pan-Arabism]]

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| [[Safwan al-Qudsi]]

| [[Nasserism]]<br />[[Arab nationalism]]

| {{composition bar|32|250|hex=#017B48}}

| {{Yes2maybe|government support}}

|-

|style="background:#DE3533" |

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| [[Ammar Bakdash]]

| [[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]

| {{composition bar|32|250|hex=#017B48}}

| {{Yes2maybe|government support}}

|-

|style="background:#BF0202" |

| [[Socialist Unionist Party (Syria)|Socialist Unionist Party]]<ref name="auto"/>

| [[Shaaban Shaheen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pnf.org.sy/?page=category&category_id=113&id=32&lang=ar|title=حزب الوحدويين الاشتراكيين|first=Mohannad |last=Orfali-|website=pnf.org.sy}}</ref>

| [[Nasserism]]<br />[[Arab socialism]]

| {{composition bar|2|250|hex=#017B48}}

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| {{Yes2|government}}

|-

|style="background:{{party color|ArabNational Socialist Ba'athCovenant Party – Syria Region}}" |

| [[National Covenant Party]]<ref name="auto"/><br>

| [[Ghassan Othman]]

| [[Pan-Arabism]]

| {{composition bar|2|250|hex=#017B48}}

| {{Yes2maybe|government support}}

|-

|style="background:green" |

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|[[Iyad Ghassan Osman]]

| [[Nasserism]]<br />[[Arab nationalism]]

| {{composition bar|12|250|hex=#017B48}}

| {{Yes2maybe|government support}}

|-

|style="background:red" |

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| [[Nasserism]]<br />[[Arab socialism]]<br />[[Trade union]]ism

| {{composition bar|1|250|hex=#017B48}}

| {{Yes2maybe|government support}}

|-

|style="background:red" |

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| [[Ba'athism#Neo-Ba'athism|Neo-Ba'athism]]<br />[[Arab socialism]]

| {{composition bar|0|250|hex=#017B48}}

|{{No2|external support}}

|-

|style="background:#FF0000" |

| [[Social Democratic Unionists]]

|

| [[Social democracy]]<br>[[Trade union]]ism

| {{composition bar|0|250|hex=#FF0000}}

|{{No2|external support}}

|-

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|[[1973 Syrian parliamentary election|1973]]

|{{Composition bar|186|186|#017B48}}

|New

|{{increase}} 186▼

|{{increase}} 1st

|-

|[[1977 Syrian parliamentary election|1977]]

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|{{Composition bar|183|250|#017B48}}

|{{decrease}} 17

|{{steady}} 1st

|-

|[[2024 Syrian parliamentary election|2024]]

|{{Composition bar|185|250|#017B48}}

▲|{{increase}} 1862

|{{steady}} 1st

|}

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==External links==

*{{Official website|http://pnf.org.sy}}

{{Ba'ath Party}}

{{Syrian political parties}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1972 establishments in Syria]]

[[Category:Arab nationalism in Syria]]

[[Category:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region]]

[[Category:Arab socialist political parties]]

[[Category:Left-wing nationalist parties]]▼

[[Category:Organization of the Ba'ath Party]]

[[Category:Organizations of the Syrian civil war]]

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[[Category:Popular fronts]]

[[Category:Socialist parties in Syria]]

▲[[Category:Left-wing nationalist parties]]