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==Biological communities==

The following fish have been found in the Neman: [[European perch|perch]], [[Northern pike|pike]], [[zander]], [[roach (fish)|roach]], [[tench]], [[bream]], [[rudd]], [[ruffe]], and [[bleak]]. Its tribitaries also contain stone [[Loach (fish)|loach]], the three-spined [[stickleback]], [[Cyprinid|minnow]]s, [[Brown trout|trout]], [[sculpin]]s, [[gudgeon (fish)|gudgeon]], [[Common dace|dace]] and [[European chub|chub]].

[[Atlantic salmon]] formerly migrated upstream to spawn; the dam constructions on the river, most of which took place during the 20th century, reduced their numbers considerably. The dam at Kaunas does not provide [[fish ladders]]. The spawning season took place in the fall; ethnographic studies of the time report that night fishing, using torches and [[harpoon]]s, was a common technique.