Nikolay Karamzin: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Short description|Russian writer, poethistorian, poet and critic}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}

{{family name hatnote|Mikhailovich|Karamzin|lang=Eastern Slavic}}

{{Infobox writer

| name = Nikolay Karamzin<br/>Николай Карамзин|

| native_name = {{nobold|Николай Карамзин}}

| image = Karamzin by Tropinin (1818, Tretyakov gallery).jpg

| imagesize =

| imagesize =
| caption = Portrait of Karamzin by [[Vasily Tropinin]], 1818.

| pseudonym =

| birth_name = Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin =

| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|12 December|1766|1 December}}

| birth_place = [[Maynsky District|Znamenskoye]], Simbirsk Uyezd, [[Kazan Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]

| death_date = {{OldStyleDate|3 June|1826|22 May}} (aged 59)

| death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russian Empire

| occupation = Writer, historian, poet

| nationality = Russian

| period = 1781–1826

| genre =

| subject =

| movement = [[Sentimentalism (literature)|Sentimentalism]]

| notableworks = ''[[Poor Liza]]''<br />''{{ill|History of the Russian State|ru|История государства Российского}}''

| signature =

}}

{{Conservatism sidebarin Russia |philosophersIntellectuals}}

'''Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin''' ({{efn|{{lang-ru|НиколайНикола́й МихайловичМиха́йлович КарамзинКарамзи́н|p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ kərɐmˈzʲin}};. [[Reforms of Russian orthography|Pre-1918 orthography]]: {{lang|ru-petr1708|Никола́й Миха́йловичъ Карамзи́нъ}}.}} ({{OldStyleDate|12 December|1766|1 December}}{{spaced ndash}}{{OldStyleDate|3 June|1826|22 May}}) was a [[Russian Empire|Russian]] Imperial historian, romantic writer, poet and critic. He is best remembered for his fundamental ''History of the Russian State'', a 12-volume national history.

== Early life ==

Karamzin was born in the small village of Mikhailovka (modern-day Karamzinka village of the[[Maynsky District]], [[Ulyanovsk Oblast]], [[Russia]]) near [[Simbirsk]] in the Znamenskoye family estate. Another version exists that he was born in 1765 in the Mikhailovka village of the [[Orenburg Governorate]] (modern-day [[Preobrazhenka, Orenburg Oblast|Preobrazhenka]] village of the [[Orenburg Oblast]], Russia) where his father served, and in recent years Orenburg historians have been actively disputing the official version.<ref name='pogodin'>''[[{{cite book|author-link=Mikhail Pogodin]] (|first=Mikhail|last=Pogodin|year=1866)''. [|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WE5dAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1&dq |script-title=ru:Николай Михайловичъ Карамзинъ, по его сочиненіямъ, письмамъ и отзывамъ современниковъ|title=Nikolaĭ Mikhaĭlovich Karamzin, po ego sochinenіiam, pisʹmam i otzyvam sovremennikov|trans-title=''Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin., Basedbased on Writingshis writings, Lettersletters and Opinions].the —accounts Moscow:of contemporaries''|volume=1|location=Moscow|publisher=A. I. Mamontov Publishing, p. |pages=1-3|language=ru}}</ref><ref name='albert'>''[[{{cite book|author-link=Albert Starchevsky]] (|last=Starchevsky|first=Albert|year=1849)''. [|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4tZdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA8&dq|title=Nikolaĭ Nikolai MikhailovichMikhaĭlovich Karamzin].|script-title=ru:Николай —Михайловичъ Карамзинъ|location=Saint Petersgurg:Petersburg |publisher=Karl Kray Publishing, p. |pages=7—10|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Maria |last=Andrianova. ''[|url=https://www.ul.kp.ru/daily/26366/3248277/|script-title=ru:Где Whereродился WasКарамзин?|title=Gde Karamzinrodilsia BornKaramzin?]''|trans-title=Where articlewas byKaramzin born?|website=[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]] — Ulyanovsk, |date=14 April 2015|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021053546/https://www.ul.kp.ru/daily/26366/3248277/|archive-date=21 (inOctober Russian)2022|url-status=live}}</ref> His father Mikhail Yegorovich Karamzin (1724—1783) was a retired [[Kapitan (rank)|Kapitan]]captain of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] who belonged to the [[Russian nobility|Russian noble]] family of modest means founded by Semyon Karamzin in 1606. For many years its members had served in [[Nizhny Novgorod]] as high-ranking officers and officials before Nikolay's grandfather Yegor Karamzin moved to Simbirsk with his wife Ekaterina Aksakova of the ancient Aksakov dynasty related to [[Sergey Aksakov]].<ref>[https://{{cite book|chapter=Karamziny|script-chapter=ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/:Карамзины|title=Brockhaus Theand Karamzins]Efron articleEncyclopedic fromDictionary|trans-chapter=The the [[Karamzins|title-link=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary|language=ru|first=V[itold]|last=R[ummel], 1890–1907 (in Russian)|volume=XIV|pages=447|year=1895|chapter-url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B}}</ref><ref name='rummel'>''{{cite book|first=Vitold |last=Rummel, |first2=Vladimir |last2=Golubtsov|script-title=ru:Родословный (1886)''.сборникъ [русскихъ дворянскихъ фамилій|title=Rodoslovnyĭ sbornik russkikh dvorianskikh familiĭ|year=1886|url=http://www.runivers.ru/bookreader/book10055/#page/369/mode/1up |trans-title=''Genealogical Collectioncollection of Russian Noble Families in 2 Volumes. Volumenoble families''|volume=1]. — |location=Saint Petersburg: |publisher=[[Aleksey Suvorin|A. S. Suvorin Publishing House]], p. |pages=363-367|language=ru}}</ref><ref>[{{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.genealogia.ru/projects/barhat/19.htm Chapter|script-title=ru:Родословная 18книга Князей и Дворянъ россiйскихъ и выѣзжихъ. TheЧасть AksakovII|title=Rodoslovnaia (Oksakov)kniga family]Kniazeĭ fromi theDvorian [[rossiĭskikh i vyezzhikh. Chastʹ II|location=Moscow|publisher=Universitetskaia tipografiia u N. Novikova|trans-title=''Genealogical book of Russian and emigrant princes and nobles. Part II''|title-link=Velvet Book]], p|page=18-19|chapter=181. Rod Oksakovykh|script-chapter=ru:181. (inРодъ Russian)Оксаковыхъ|trans-chapter=The Oksakov family|lang=ru}}</ref> According to Nikolay Karamzin, his surname derived from Kara-[[Mirza (noble)|mirza]], a baptized [[Tatars|Tatar]] and his earliest-known ancestor who arrived to Moscow to serve under the Russian rule. No records of him were left. The first documented Karamzin lived as early as 1534.<ref>[{{cite web|url=https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/662.html Karamzin|script-title=ru:Герб coatрода ofКарамзиных|title=Gerb arms]roda by AllKaramzinykh|trans-Russiantitle=Karamzin Armorialscoat of Noble Houses of the Russian Empirearms|website=Gerbovnik.ru|language=ru|archive-date=19 PartMay 5, 22 October 1800 (in Russian)2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519051120/https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/662.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='pogodin' /><ref name='albert' />

His mother Ekaterina Petrovna Karamzina (née Pazukhina) also came from a [[Russian nobility|Russian noble family]] of moderate income founded in 1620 when Ivan Demidovich Pazukhin, a long-time officer, was granted lands and a title for his service during the [[Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18)|Polish–Russian War]]. His two sons founded two family branches: one in [[Kostroma]] and one in Simbirsk which Ekaterina Karamzina belonged to.<ref>[https{{cite book|chapter=Pazukhiny|script-chapter=ru://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Пазухины|title=Brockhaus Theand Pazukhins]Efron articleEncyclopedic fromDictionary|trans-chapter=The the [[Pazukins|title-link=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary|language=ru|first=V[asily]|last=R[udakov], 1890–1907 (in Russian)|volume=XXIIa|pages=592|year=1897|chapter-url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B}}</ref><ref>[{{cite web|url=https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/1287.html Pazukhin|script-title=ru:Герб coatрода ofПазухиных|title=Gerb arms]roda by AllPazukhinykh|trans-Russiantitle=Pazukhin Armorialscoat of Noble Houses of the Russian Empirearms|website=Gerbovnik.ru|language=ru|archive-date=19 PartApril 9, 5 August 1816 (in Russian)2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419093857/https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/1287.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Her father Peter Pazukhin also made a brilliant military career and went from [[Praporshchik]] to [[Colonel]]; he had been serving in the Simbirsk infantry regiment since 1733. As far as the family legend goes, the dynasty was founded by Fyodor Pazukh from [[szlachta|Lithuanian szlachta]] who left [[Mstislavl]] in 1496 to serve under [[Ivan III of Russia]].<ref>''{{cite book|first=Pazukhin |last=A. A. (|year=1914)''.| [url=http://simlibelib.shpl.ru/handleru/123456789nodes/52456227-pazuhin-a-a-rodoslovnaya-pazuhinyh-i-rodoslovnye-materialy-pazuhinskogo-arhiva-spb-1914|title=Rodoslovnaia Pazukhinykh i rodoslovnye materialy Pazukhinskogo arkhiva|script-title=ru:Родословная Пазухиныхъ и родословные матеріалы Пазухинскаго архива|trans-title=''The Pazukhins' Genealogygenealogy and Genealogicalgenealogical Materialsmaterials fromof the Pazukhin Archive]. — archive''|location=Saint Petersburg: |publisher=[[General Staff Academy (Imperial Russia)|ImperialTipografiia NicholasImperatorskoĭ MilitaryNikolaevskoĭ Academyvoennoĭ Publishingakademii]], p. |pages=3-11 (Russian pdf at the Scientific Library of the Ulyanovsk Oblast website)|language=ru}}</ref> Ekaterina Petrovna was born between 1730 and 1735 and died in 1769 when Nikolay was only over 2 years old. In 1770 Mikhail Karamzin married for the second time to Evdokia Gavrilovna Dmitrieva (1724—1783) who became Nikolay's stepmother. He had three siblings — Vasily, Fyodor and Ekaterina — and two agnate siblings.<ref name='pogodin' /><ref name='rummel' />

Nikolay Karamzin was sent to Moscow to study under Swiss-German teacher [[Johann Matthias Schaden]]; he later moved to St Petersburg, where he made the acquaintance of [[Ivan Dmitriev]], a Russian poet of some merit, and occupied himself with translating essays by foreign writers into his native language. After residing for some time in [[Saint Petersburg]] he went to [[Simbirsk]], where he lived in retirement until induced to revisit Moscow. There, finding himself in the midst of the society of learned men, he again took to literary work.

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== As a writer ==

In 1794, Karamzin abandoned his literary journal and published a miscellany in two volumes entitled ''Aglaia'', in which appeared, among other stories, ''The Island of Bornholm'' and ''Ilya Muromets'', the former being one of the first Russian [[Gothic novel]]s and the latter, a story based on the adventures of the well-known [[Ilya Muromets|hero of many a Russian legend]]. From 1797 to 1799, he issued another miscellany or poetical almanac, ''The Aonides'', in conjunction with [[Gavrila Derzhavin|Derzhavin]] and [[Ivan Dmitriev|Dmitriev]]. In 1798 he compiled ''The Pantheon'', a collection of pieces from the works of the most celebrated authors ancient and modern, translated into Russian. Many of his lighter productions were subsequently printed by him in a volume entitled ''My Trifles''. Admired by [[Alexander Pushkin]] and [[Vladimir Nabokov]], the style of his writings is elegant and flowing, modelled on the easy sentences of the French prose writers rather than the long periodical paragraphs of the old Slavonic school. Karamzin also promoted a more "feminine" style of writing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rosenholm |first1=Arja |last2=Savkina |first2=Irina |title=Women in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Lives and Culture|location=Cambridge |date=2012 |publisher=Open Book Publishers |isbn=978-1-906924-66-9 |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vjszk.12 |access-date=12 October 2022 |chapter='How Women Should Write': Russian Women’s Writing in the Nineteenth Century|jstor=j.ctt5vjszk.12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tosi |first=Alessandra |title=Waiting for Pushkin: Russian Fiction in the Reign of Alexander I (1801–1825) |date=2006 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|location=Leiden |isbn=9789401202190 |url=https://brill.com/view/title/30868 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> His example proved beneficial for the creation of a Russian literary language, a major contribution for the history of Russian literature.

In 1802 and 1803, Karamzin edited the journal the ''Envoy of Europe'' (''Vestnik Evropy''). It was not until after the publication of this work that he realized where his strength lay, and commenced his 12 volume ''History of the Russian State''. In order to accomplish the task, he secluded himself for two years at [[Simbirsk]].

When Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander]] learned the cause of his retirement, Karamzin was invited to [[Tver]], where he read to the emperor the first eight volumes of his history. He was a strong supporter of the anti-Polish policies of the Russian Empire, and expressed hope that "there would be no Poland under any shape or name".<ref>''{{cite book|title=Russia and Ukraine: Literature and the Discourse of Empire from Napoleonic to Postcolonial times'' Times|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |location=Montreal|ISBN=9780773522343|year=2001, |page =68.|first=Myroslav|last=Shkandrij}}</ref> In 1816, he removed to St Petersburg, where he spent the happiest days of his life, enjoying the favour of Alexander I and submitting to him the sheets of his great work, which the emperor read over with him in the gardens of the palace of [[Tsarskoye Selo]].

He did not, however, live to carry his work further than the eleventh volume, terminating it at the accession of [[Michael I of Russia|Michael Romanov]] in 1613. He died on 22 May (old style) 1826, in the [[Tauride Palace]]. A monument was erected to his memory at [[Simbirsk]] in 1845.

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==As a linguist and philologist==

Karamzin is credited for having introduced the letter [[Yo (Cyrillic)|Ë/ë]] into the Russian alphabet some time after 1795,. replacingPrior theto obsoletethat formsimple that[[Ye (Cyrillic)|E/e]] had been used, though there was also a rare form patterned after the extant letter [[Yu (Cyrillic)|Ю/ю]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Hans |last=Jensen, ''|title=Sign, Symbol and Script: An Account of Man''s (London:Efforts to Write|edition=3rd rev. and enl.|ISBN=9780044000211|location=London|publisher=George Allen and Unwin Ltd, |year=1970), p. |page=499}}</ref> Ironically, the use ofNote that formË/ë is generallynot deprecated,an typicallyobligatory appearingletter, merelyand assimple [[Ye (Cyrillic)|E/e]] is still often used in books other than dictionaries and Russian schoolchildren's primers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=ЕськоваYeskova|first1=НN.|title=ПРОPro БУКВУbukvu Ёë|script-title=ru:Про букву ё|trans-title=On the letter 'yo'|journal=[[Nauka i Zhizn]]|date=2000|issue=4|url=http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/6983/|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=ЕськоваYeskova|first1=НN.|title=I eshchë raz o bukve ë|script-title=ru:И ЕЩЁещё РАЗраз Оо БУКВЕбукве Ёё|trans-title=Once again on the letter 'yo'|journal=[[Nauka i Zhizn]]|date=2008|issue=7|url=http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/14333//|language=ru}}</ref>

== As a historian ==

<!--Deleted image removed: [[File:Karamzin monument.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Karamzin Monument in [[Simbirsk]].]]-->

Karamzin is well-regarded as a historian.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} Until the appearance of his work, little had been done in this direction in Russia. The preceding attempt of [[Vasily Tatishchev]] was merely a rough sketch, inelegant in style, and without the true spirit of criticism. Karamzin was most industrious in accumulating materials, and the notes to his volumes are mines of interesting information. Perhaps Karamzin may justly be criticized for the false gloss and romantic air thrown over the early Russian annals; in this respect his work is reminiscent of that of Sir [[Walter Scott]], whose writings were at that time creating a great sensation throughout Europe and probably influenced Karamzin.

Karamzin wrote openly as the panegyrist of the autocracy; indeed, his work has been styled the ''Epic of Despotism'' and considered [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III]] as the architect of Russian greatness, a glory that he had earlier (perhaps while more under the influence of Western ideas) assigned to [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]]. (The deeds of [[Ivan the Terrible]] are described with disgust, though.)

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== Commemoration ==

Several places in Russia were named after the writerKaramzin:

* Karamzina village (it isnow part of [[Ulyanovsk]] nowadays);

* Proyezd Karamzina (a road in [[Moscow]]);

* Nikolay Karamzin street (a streetstreets in [[Kaliningrad]], [[Krasnoyarsk]], [[Mayna, Ulyanovsk Oblast]]);

* A [[monument]] was built in honor of Nikolay Karamzin in [[Ulyanovsk]];

* Another [[monument]] was built in honor of Nikolay Karamzin at Ostafyevo [[Historic house museum|Museum-Estate]] near [[Moscow Ring Road]].

* In [[Veliky Novgorod]] the monumentThe [[Millennium of Russia]], showing 129 statues of the most outstanding peoplemonument in Russian[[Veliky history (by 1862),Novgorod]] includes a statue of Nikolay Karamzin;

* The Karamzin Public Library in [[Ulyanovsk|Simbirsk]], created in honor of the famous countryman, was opened to readers on April 18, 1848;

* In 2016 the Dvorets knigi ([[Russian language|Russian]] ''Дворец книги'', a close translation - ''Book Palace'') - the Ulyanovsk State Regional Scientific Library withorganized thean supportopen ofliterary thecompetition Ministrydedicated of Art and Cultural Policy ofto the Ulyanovsk250 Region,years the Ulyanovsk branchanniversary of the [[Unionbirth of RussianNikolay Writers]]Mikhailovich andKaramzin. theFor [[literarythis magazine]]competition "Simbirsk"only ([[Russianpoems language|Russian]]about ''Симбирскъ'')Karamzin organizedand anpoems openbased literaryon competitionhis «Tebe,works nashwere dobriy, chistiy geniy…»accepted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uonb.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5674:news&catid=1:news&Itemid=63|title=ThePoėticheskiĭ literarykonkurs competition "«Tebe, nash dobriydobryĭ, chistiychistyĭ geniy…"geniĭ…», dedicatedposviashchennyĭ to250-letiiu theso 250thdnia birthdayrozhdeniia ofNikolaia NikolaiMikhaĭlovicha Mikhailovich KaramzinKaramzina|publisher=Colnect|lang=en|accessscript-datetitle=2019-12-29}}</ref>ru:Поэтический ([[Russian language|Russian]]конкурс «''Тебе, наш добрый, чистый гений…''», aпосвященный close250-летию translationсо дня рождения Николая Михайловича Карамзина|trans-title=The literary ''Tocompetition you'Tebe, ournash kinddobriy, purechistiy genius..geniy…''), dedicated to the 250250th years anniversarybirthday of the birth of NikolayNikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin|website=Uonb.ru|lang=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209154704/http://uonb.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5674:news&catid=1:news&Itemid=63|archive-date=9 ForDecember this competition only poems about Karamzin and poems based on his works were accepted.2023|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>

In 2016 on the occasion of the 250th birthday of the writer, the [[Central Bank of Russia]] issued a silver 2two-ruble coin dedicated to Karamzin in the series “OutstandingOutstanding People of Russia”: N.M. Karamzin, writerRussia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/coins/coin/76782-2_Rubles_250th_Anniversary_of_the_Writer_NM_Karamzin%E2%80%99s_Birth-1993~Today_-_Outstanding_Personalities_of_Russia-Russia|title=2 Rubles (250th Anniversary of the Writer N. M. Karamzin's Birth)|website=Colnect|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> Two commemorative stamps have been issued depicting N.M. Karamzin: in 1991<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/170827-Russian_historian_N_M_Karamzin-Russian_Historians-Soviet_Union_USSR|title=Russian historian N. M. Karamzin|publisher=Colnect|langaccess-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> in the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] as part of the Russian Historians stamp series, face value of 10 [[Russian ruble|Russian kopeks]], and in 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/914291-250th_Anniversary_of_Birth_of_Nikolai_M_Karamzin-Outstanding_Russian_historians-Russia|title=250th Anniversary of Birth of Nikolai M. Karamzin|website=Colnect|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> as part of the Outstanding Russian historians stamp series,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/591304-175_years_since_the_birth_of_VO_Kliuchevskoi_1841-1911%E2%80%A6-Outstanding_Russian_historians-Russia|title=175 years since the birth of V. O. Kliuchevskoi (1841-1911), historian, 250 years since the birth of N. M. Karamzin (1766−1826), writer, historian|website=Colnect|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> face value of 25 [[Russian ruble|Russian rubles]].

Two commemorative stamps were issued depicting N.M. Karamzin: in 1991<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/170827-Russian_historian_N_M_Karamzin-Russian_Historians-Soviet_Union_USSR|title=Russian historian N. M. Karamzin|publisher=Colnect|lang=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> in the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] as part of the [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_historians_Soviet_Union_stamp_series,_1991 Russian Historians stamp series], face value of 10 [[Russian ruble|Russian kopeks]], and in 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/914291-250th_Anniversary_of_Birth_of_Nikolai_M_Karamzin-Outstanding_Russian_historians-Russia|title=250th Anniversary of Birth of Nikolai M. Karamzin|publisher=Colnect|lang=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> as part of the Outstanding Russian historians stamp series,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/591304-175_years_since_the_birth_of_VO_Kliuchevskoi_1841-1911%E2%80%A6-Outstanding_Russian_historians-Russia|title= 175 years since the birth of V.O. Kliuchevskoi (1841-1911), historian, 250 years since the birth of N.M. Karamzin(1766−1826),writer, historian|publisher=Colnect|lang=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> face value of 25 [[Russian ruble|Russian rubles]].

== Selected works ==

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== Notes ==

{{reflistnotelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

*{{EB1911|wstitle=Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich|volume=15|page=676}}

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== External links ==

{{Commons category|Nikolai Karamzin}}

* {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.lib.ru/LITRA/KARAMZIN/karamz01.txt Karamzin's History of the Russian State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327090641/http://lib.ru/LITRA/KARAMZIN/karamz01.txt |date=27 March 2018 }}

* {{in lang|ru}} [https://books.google.cacom/books?id=yFxgAAAAcAAJ&redir_esc=y Karamzin's Aglaia I-II, 2nd edition (1796)]

* {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.stihi-rus.ru/1/Karamzin/ Karamzin. Poem]

* [http://www.perelmuterverlag.de/FC62013.pdf English translations of 4 epigrams, "Inscriptions on a Statue of Cupid"]

{{Romanticism}}

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{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:1766 births]]

[[Category:1826 deaths]]

[[Category:18th-centuryPeople Russianfrom poetsUlyanovsk Oblast]]

[[Category:18th-centuryPeople malefrom writersKazan Governorate]]

[[Category:19th-centuryPeople historiansfrom the Russian Empire of Tatar descent]]

[[Category:19th-centuryUntitled nobility from the Russian novelistsEmpire]]

[[Category:19th-centuryMale poets from the Russian poetsEmpire]]

[[Category:BurialsTranslators atfrom Tikhvinthe CemeteryRussian Empire]]

[[Category:ConservatismScientists infrom Russiathe Russian Empire]]

[[Category:French–Russian translators]]

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[[Category:18th-century poets from the Russian Empire]]

[[Category:Russian18th-century male poetswriters]]▼

[[Category:19th-century historians from the Russian Empire]]

[[Category:19th-century novelists from the Russian Empire]]

[[Category:19th-century poets from the Russian Empire]]

[[Category:Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]

[[Category:Members of the Russian Academy]]

[[Category:People from Ulyanovsk]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class]]

[[Category:RussianBurials historiansat Tikhvin Cemetery]]

[[Category:RussianHistorians maleof writersKievan Rus']]

▲[[Category:Russian male poets]]

[[Category:Russian monarchists]]

▲[[Category:Russian nobility]]

[[Category:Russian translators]]

[[Category:Russian people of Tatar descent]]