1990s North Korean famine: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The exact number of deaths during the acute phase of the crisis, from 1994 to 1998, is uncertain. According to the researcher Andrei Lankov, both the extreme high and low ends of the estimates are considered inaccurate.<ref name="Lankov2015">{{cite book|last=Lankov|first=Andrei|title=The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-939003-8|page=81}}</ref> In 2001 and 2007, independent groups of researchers have estimated that between 600,000 to 1 million people, or 3 to 5 percent of the pre-crisis population, died due to starvation and hunger-related illness.<ref>Daniel Goodkind and Loraine West, "The North Korean Famine and Its Demographic Impact," ''Population and Development Review'' 27, no. 2 (June 2001)</ref><ref>Stephen Haggard and Marcus Noland, Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 72–76</ref> In 1998, [[US Congress]]ional staffers who visited the country reported that: "Therefore, we gave a range of estimates, from 300,000 to 800,000 dying per year, peaking in 1997. That would put the total number of deaths from the North Korean food shortage at between 900,000 and 2.4 million between 1995 and 1998".<ref>[http://www.tomcoyner.com/kirk_report.htm Final Report<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225021520/http://tomcoyner.com/kirk_report.htm |date=2010-12-25 }}</ref> W. Courtland Robinson's team found 245,000 "excess" deaths (an elevated mortality rate as a result of premature death), 12 percent of the population in one affected region. Taking those results as the upper limit and extrapolating across the entire North Korean population across the country's provinces produces an upper limit of 2,000,000 famine-related deaths.<ref name="They Think They're Normal p.155">They Think They're Normal p. 155</ref> Andrew Natsios and others estimated 2-3 million deaths.<ref>Andrew S. Natsios states, "From 1994 to 1998, 2–3 million people died of starvation and hunger-related illnesses, and the famine has generated a range of social and political effects." Natsios, "The Politics of Famine in North Korea" (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, August 2, 1999.), http://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr990802.pdf.</ref><ref name="iie.com"/>

According to research by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2011, the likely range of excess deaths between 1993 and 2000 was between 500,000 and 600,000, and a total of 600,000 to 1,000,000 excess deaths from the year 1993 to the year 2008.<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158"/>{{page needed|date=April 2017}}<ref name=goodkind-2011>{{cite journal |url=http://paa2011.princeton.edu/papers/111030 |title=A Reassessment of Mortality in North Korea, 1993–2008 |page=3|author1=Daniel Goodkind |author2=Loraine West |author3=Peter Johnson |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division |date=28 March 2011 |accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref> However, life expectancy in North Korea in the mid-1990's during the worst years of the food shortage was still at least seven years higher than Cambodia (a country with a similar or slightly higher gross domestic product than North Korea) and at least two years higher than India (which has a higher GDP).<ref>See [[Demographics of North_Korea#Vital_statistics]], [[Demographics of India#Life_expectancy]], and [[Demographics of Cambodia#Life_expectancy]]; see also [https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=BVEmXcaBJsTg9APu84vwBg&q=north+korea+life+expectancy+1997&oq=north+korea+life+expectancy+1997&gs_l=psy-ab.3...1627.7006..7143...0.0..0.97.1496.32......0....1..gws-wiz.....0..0j0i131j0i10j0i22i30j33i160.nLjjFV16xAw North Korean life expectancy in 1997] (which gives life expectancy for North Korea in 1997 as 65, when it is said to have fallen to its lowest level, compared to [https://www.google.com/search?ei=FFEmXdyCOcuA0wKur5TgAg&q=cambodia+life+expectancy+1997&oq=cambodia+life+expectancy+1997&gs_l=psy-ab.3...133369.135069..135335...2.0..0.49.340.8......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j0i7i30j0i8i7i30.UFArK4tc_Po 56 for Cambodia], and [https://www.google.com/search?ei=LVEmXdzWKpP10wLUj6T4Bw&q=india+life+expectancy+1997&oq=india+life+expectancy+1997&gs_l=psy-ab.3...139463.140020..140630...0.0..0.53.234.5......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j0i8i7i30j0i8i30.OjNP2z03A_Y 61 for India]).</ref>

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