OSI model: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The '''Open Systems Interconnection''' ('''OSI''') '''model''' is a [[reference model]] from the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection."<ref name="ISO-7498-1">{{cite ISO standard |date=June 1999|title=ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994 Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model |csnumber=20269 |at=Introduction |access-date=26 August 2022}}</ref> In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split into seven different abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-10 |title=What is the OSI Model? |url=https://www.forcepoint.com/cyber-edu/osi-model |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=Forcepoint |language=en}}</ref>

The model partitions the flow of data in a communication system into seven [[abstraction layer]]s to describe networked communication from the physical implementation of transmitting [[bit]]s across a [[transmission medium|communications medium]] to the highest-level representation of data of a [[distributed application]]. Each intermediate layer serves a class of functionality to the layer above it and is served by the layer below it.

Classes of functionality are realizedimplemented in all software development through allusing standardizedestablished [[communication protocol]]s.

Each layer in the OSI model has well-defined functions, and the methods of each layer communicate and interact with those of the layers immediately above and below as appropriate.

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| {{hlist |[[Apple Filing Protocol|AFP]] |[[Zone Information Protocol|ZIP]] |[[Routing Table Maintenance Protocol|RTMP]] |[[AppleTalk#Name Binding Protocol|NBP]]}}

| {{hlist |[[Service Advertising Protocol|SAP]]}}

| {{hlist |Transaction Services |Presentation Services}}

| {{hlist |[[IBM Advanced Program-to-Program Communication|APPC]]}}

|

| {{hlist |[[Web Browser]] |[[WebDAV]] |[[SOAP]] |[[OpenID]] |[[REST API]] |[[OAuth]] |[[GraphQL]] |[[ActivityPub]] |[[Git]] |[[DNS over HTTP]]}}

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| {{hlist |[[Apple Filing Protocol|AFP]]}}

|

| Presentation Services

|

|

| {{hlist |[[XML]] |[[JSON]] |[[MIME]] |[[Percent-encoding]] |[[base64]] |[[gzip]] |[[brotli]]}}

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| {{hlist |[[AppleTalk#AppleTalk Session Protocol|ASP]] |[[AppleTalk#AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol|ADSP]] |[[AppleTalk#Printer Access Protocol|PAP]]}}

| {{hlist |[[NWLink]]}}

| {{hlist |[[Presentation Services |Data LinkFlow Control|DLC]]?}}

|

| {{hlist |HTTP [[List_of_HTTP_header_fields|headers]], including [[HTTP cookie|cookies]] |[[CSRF token]]s |[[WebSocket]]}}

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| {{hlist |[[Datagram Delivery Protocol|DDP]]}}

| {{hlist |[[Sequenced packet exchange|SPX]]}}

| {{hlist|Data Flow Control |Transmission Control}}

|

|

| {{hlist |[[HTTP]]/[[HTTP/2]]/[[HTTP/3]] |[[WebSocket]] |[[DTLS]]}} Port number can be specified.

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| [[AppleTalk#AppleTalk Transaction Protocol|ATP]] {{small|([[TokenTalk]]{{\}}[[EtherTalk]])}}

| {{hlist |[[IPX]]}}

| {{hlist |[[IBM NetworkTransmission Control Program|IBMPath NCP]]Control}}

| {{hlist |[[Radio Resource Control|RRC]]{{\}}[[Broadcast/Multicast Control|BMC]]}}

| Out of scope. [[IP address]]es can be used instead of [[domain names]] in [[URL]]s.

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| {{hlist |[[LocalTalk]] |[[AppleTalk Remote Access|ARA]] |[[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]]}}

| [[IEEE 802.3|IEEE 802.3 framing]]<br/>[[Ethernet II framing]]

| {{hlist |Path Control | [[Synchronous Data Link Control|SDLC]]]}}

| {{hlist |[[PDCP]]<ref name="TS36300">{{cite web|url=http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36300.htm|title=3GPP specification: 36.300|work=3gpp.org|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> |[[Logical Link Control|LLC]] |[[Medium access control|MAC]]}}

| Out of scope.

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| {{hlist |[[RS-232]] |[[RS-422]] |[[PhoneNet]]}}

|

| {{hlist |[[Twinaxial cabling|Twinax]]Physical}}

| [[Universal Mobile Telecommunications System#Air interfaces|UMTS air interfaces]]

| Out of scope.