OSI model: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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Beginning in 1977, the ISO initiated a program to develop general standards and methods of networking. A similar process evolved at the [[International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee]] (CCITT, from French: ''Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique''). Both bodies developed documents that defined similar networking models. The British [[Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)|Department of Trade and Industry]] acted as the secretariat, and [[universities in the United Kingdom]] developed [[prototype]]s of the standards.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Campbell-Kelly |first1=Martin |last2=Garcia-Swartz |first2=Daniel D |date=2013 |title=The History of the Internet: The Missing Narratives |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=867087 |journal=Journal of Information Technology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=18–33 |doi=10.1057/jit.2013.4 |ssrn=867087 |s2cid=41013 |issn=0268-3962}}</ref>

The OSI model was first defined in raw form in [[Washington, D.C.]], in February 1978 by French software engineer [[Hubert Zimmermann]], and the refined but still draft standard was published by the ISO in 1980.<ref>{{cite magazine|urlname=https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/osi-the-internet-that-wasnt |title=OSI The Internet That Wasn't|magazine=IEEE Spectrum |date=March"ieee201703" 2017}}</ref>

The drafters of the reference model had to contend with many competing priorities and interests. The rate of technological change made it necessary to define standards that new systems could converge to rather than standardizing procedures after the fact; the reverse of the traditional approach to developing standards.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sunshine|first=Carl A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hzj2BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|title=Computer Network Architectures and Protocols|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=1989|isbn=978-1-4613-0809-6|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> Although not a standard itself, it was a framework in which future standards could be defined.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hasman|first=A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2KyQjiwwTUC&pg=PA251|title=Education and Training in Health Informatics in Europe: State of the Art, Guidelines, Applications|date=1995|publisher=IOS Press|isbn=978-90-5199-234-2|pages=251|language=en}}</ref>