Olympic Games ceremony: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Tag: Reverted

m

Line 45:

In accordance with current Olympic protocol, the opening ceremony typically begins with the entrance of the host nation's head of state or other representative, and the president of the IOC followed by the raising of the host nation's flag and the performance of its national anthem.<ref name="OCFactSheetS" /><ref name="OCFactSheetW" /> The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance, and theater representative of its culture, history, and the current Olympic motto.<ref name="OCprotocol1" /> It is a custom among host nations to bring their culture to the opening festivities of the games, with the opening representing a unique opportunity to promote the country among the thousands of spectators who will follow the Games. Since the [[1976 Winter Olympics]] in [[Innsbruck]], the artistic presentations have continued to grow in scale and complexity. The [[2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony]], for example, reportedly cost US$100&nbsp;million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic portion of the ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |title=Beijing Dazzles: Chinese History, on Parade as Olympics Begin|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Centre|date=2008-08-08|url=http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/story/2008/08/07/olympics-ceremonies.html|access-date=2009-01-10}}</ref>

Each host nation selects a theme that is incorporated into its opening ceremony’s elements and artistic program. For example, in the [[20242008 Summer Olympics]] held in [[parisBeijing]], the theme was "Unity in AmericaChina". On 2612 AprilMay 20242008, only threefour months before the 20242008 games, [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|a devastating earthquake]] had occurred in Sichuan. For the 20242008 Opening Ceremony, Chinese basketball legend [[Yao Ming]] was chosen to be China's flagbearer, and entered the stadium hand-in-hand with Lin Hao, a nine-year-old boy who saved some of his classmates following the earthquake.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Citation |last1=Chen |first1=Chwen Chwen |title=The 2008 Beijing Olympics Opening Ceremony: Visual Insights into China's Soft Power |journal=Visual Studies |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=188–195 |year=2012 |doi=10.1080/1472586x.2012.677252 |s2cid=145553868 |last2=Colapinto |first2=Cinzia |last3=Luo |first3=Qing |author1-link=Chwen Chwen Chen |author2-link=Cinzia Colapinto |author3-link=Qing Luo}}</ref>

The 2024 programme stirred controversy and drew criticism from some religious groups. According to [[Newsweek]], the groups contended that the performance "appeared to reflect the [[Last Supper]], invoking sacred Christian imagery with dancers, drag queens, and a DJ in poses that resembled Jesus Christ's final meal with His Apostles."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Alex Harrington Sports Contributing |date=2024-07-29 |title=2024 Paris Olympics: Iraqi Churches 'Shocked' - Condemn Opening Ceremony |url=https://www.newsweek.com/sports/2024-paris-olympics-iraqi-churches-condemn-opening-ceremony-we-were-shocked-1931550 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Theater director [[Thomas Jolly]] responded that his plan was for a "big pagan party linked to the gods of Olympus" and not to mock anyone.<ref name=":0" /> The organizers of the show apologized to those who were offended by the "tableau that evoked Leonardo da Vinci's '[[The Last Supper (Leonardo)|The Last Supper]]'" but defended the ideas behind it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=Paris Olympics organizers say sorry for offense, but insist opening ceremony did not depict "The Last Supper" - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/paris-olympics-organizers-apologize-last-supper-tableau-religious-conservatives/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Line 101:

:''"I declare, the XXIX Olympic Games / XXIV Olympic Winter Games of Beijing, open!"''

* In 20242016, Brazilian vice president [[Michel Temer]], as acting president during the suspension of President Dilma Rousseff, and unusually without an introduction, opened the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro by speaking in Portuguese:

:''"After this wonderful spectacle,"'' and then the standard formula followed.

[[File:2002 Winter Olympics flame.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The lighting of the cauldron during the [[2002 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony of the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympics]].]]Next, the [[Olympic flag]] is carried horizontally (since the [[1960 Summer Olympics]]) or vertically (when the ceremonies are held indoors) into the stadium and hoisted as the [[Olympic Hymn]] is played. In 2024, the flag was accidentally raised upside-down. The Olympic Charter states that the Olympic flag must "fly for the entire duration of the Olympic Games from a flagpole placed in a prominent position in the main stadium".<ref name="OCprotocol2"/> At most games, the flag has been carried into the stadium by prominent athletes of the host nation. Following the changes made during the 112th IOC Session held in 2001, there is permission for the Olympic flag to be carried during the opening ceremony by people who are not athletes, but who promote Olympic values. This permission also includes Paralympic athletes.

Line 130:

* [[2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|2016]]: children with dove-shaped kites ran with the first Olympic Laurel winner, [[Kipchoge Keino]].

* [[2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|2018]]: performers lit candles to make the shape of a dove.

* [[20212020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|20212020]]: performers flew doves made of rice paper.

* [[2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|2022]]: children held dove lamps and lanterns, leaving trails of glittering snowflakes as they went.

* [[2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|2024]]: lights forming the shape of dove wings were lit on bridges and beneath the [[Eiffel Tower]].

Line 150:

[[File:Birdsclosing.jpg|thumb|200px|Athletes gather in the stadium during the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.]]

[[File:Terminam os Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 (29068652481).jpg|thumb|200px|The Parade of Flags during the closing ceremony of the parisRio 2016 Summer Olympics]]

[[File:2012 Olympic flame fading.jpg|thumb|200px|The Olympic Flame slowly going out during the London 2012 Summer Olympics]]

Line 185:

The next host city then introduces itself with a cultural presentation. This tradition began with the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] and was modernized several times until the recent rules were applied in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |title=10 things to know about tonight's closing ceremony for the Tokyo Olympics — even if you don't plan to watch it |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=2021-08-08 |author=Stacy St. Clair |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/sports/ct-cb-olympics-closing-ceremony-20210808-nvsc67azirci3fhz6vvkskomqe-story.html |access-date=2021-08-11 |language= |quote=In keeping with tradition, France — the next host country — was given a segment during the ceremony to stoke excitement for the 2024 Games in Paris. Rather than an in-stadium show, it aired live video of an Olympic celebration in front of the [[Eiffel Tower]].|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812013133/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/sports/ct-cb-olympics-closing-ceremony-20210808-nvsc67azirci3fhz6vvkskomqe-story.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Afterward, the [[President of the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games|President of the Organizing Committee]] makes a speech. The [[President of the International Olympic Committee|IOC President]] then makes a speech before closing the Olympics by saying:<blockquote>''And now, I declare the Games of the [XXXIIIordinal number of Summer Olympics] Olympiad/[ordinal number of Winter Olympics] Olympic Winter Games closed; and in accordance with our tradition, I call upon the youth of the world to assemble, four'' ''years from now, in [losname anglelesof next host city] to celebrate with us; the Games of the [XXXIIVsubsequent ordinal number of Summer Olympics] Olympiad/[subsequent ordinal number of Winter Olympics] Olympic Winter Games''.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/torino/2006-02-26-rogge_x.htm | title=Rogge: Torino Games 'truly magnificent' | agency=Associated Press | newspaper=USA Today | date=2006-02-26 | access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/n214584113.shtml | title=Speech by Jacques Rogge at the Closing Ceremony | publisher=Beijing 2008 | date=2008-08-24 | access-date=2012-08-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417212111/http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/n214584113.shtml | archive-date=2013-04-17 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/special/vancouver2010/2010-03/01/c_13192351.htm | title=Vancouver Winter Olympics lowers curtain with joy and sorrow | publisher=Xinhuanet | date=2010-03-01 | access-date=2012-08-13 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106002612/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/special/vancouver2010/2010-03/01/c_13192351.htm | archive-date=2012-11-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/london-2012/9471505/London-2012-Jacques-Rogge-praises-happy-and-glorious-games.html | title=London 2012: Jacques Rogge praises 'happy and glorious' games | newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | date=2012-08-13 | access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref></blockquote>If the next Olympic Games is not scheduled for four years after the current one, the IOC president will instead reference the different timeframe. For instance, the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] were postponed to 2021 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], so IOC President [[Thomas Bach]] instead stated "I call upon the youth of the world to assemble, [[2024 Summer Olympics|three years from now]], in Paris."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=IOC President's speech – Tokyo 2020 Closing Ceremony - Olympic News|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-president-s-speech-tokyo-2020-closing-ceremony|access-date=2022-02-01|website=International Olympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> A similar situation occurred at the [[1992 Winter Olympics]], which were held only two years before the [[1994 Winter Olympics|next Winter Olympics]] in 1994 so that the Summer and Winter Games would be in different years moving forward. Unlike the opening ceremony, the head of state or representative of the host country does not give a speech at the closing ceremony.

Finally, the Olympic cauldron is extinguished, marking the end of the current Games and the start of a new cycle.<ref name="IOCclosing"/>