OpenAI: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{Distinguish|OpenAL|OpenAPI (disambiguation){{!}}OpenAPI|Open-source artificial intelligence}}
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| [[Greg Brockman]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]])
| [[Mira Murati]] ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])
| [[Sarah Friar]] ([[Chief financial officer|CFO]])<ref name="NYT5">{{cite web |last1=Metz |first1=Cade |last2=Isaak |first2=Mike |title=OpenAI, Still Haunted by Its Chaotic Past, Is Trying to Grow Up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/03/technology/openai-chatgpt-revenue.html |website=[[New York Times]] |language=en-US |date=3 September 3, 2024 |access-date=3 September 3, 2024 |archive-date=September 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907201621/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/03/technology/openai-chatgpt-revenue.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| num_employees = {{circa|1,700}} (2024)<ref name="NYT5" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Efrati |first1=Amir |last2=Holmes |first2=Aaron |title=Why OpenAI Could Lose $5 Billion This Year |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/why-openai-could-lose-5-billion-this-year |website=[[The Information (website)|The Information]] |date=24 July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240801185619/https://www.theinformation.com/articles/why-openai-could-lose-5-billion-this-year |archive-date=1 August 1, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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| homepage = {{url|https://openai.com/}}
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{{Artificial intelligence}}
'''OpenAI''' is an American [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) research organization founded in December 2015 and headquartered in San Francisco, California. Its mission is to develop "safe and beneficial" [[artificial general intelligence]] (AGI), which it defines as "highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work".<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2018 |title=OpenAI Charter |url=https://openai.com/charter |access-date=July 11, 2023 |website=openai.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714043611/https://openai.com/charter |url-status=live }}</ref> As a leading organization in the ongoing [[AI boom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2023 |title=Artificial: The OpenAI Story |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/artificial-the-openai-story-21587cbd |access-date=December 12, 2023 |website=WSJ |language=en-US |archive-date=December 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212151657/https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/artificial-the-openai-story-21587cbd |url-status=live }}</ref> OpenAI is known for the GPT family of [[large language model]]s, the [[DALL-E]] series of [[Text-to-image model|text-to-image models]], and a [[text-to-video model]] named [[Sora (text-to-video model)|Sora]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Models - OpenAI API |url=https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231119121512/https://platform.openai.com/docs/models |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |access-date=November 19, 2023 |website=OpenAI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jindal |first=Siddharth |date=2024-02-February 16, 2024 |title=OpenAI Steals the Spotlight with Sora |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/openai-steals-the-spotlight-with-sora-%E2%9C%A8/ |access-date=2024-07-July 10, 2024 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=April 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420120154/https://analyticsindiamag.com/openai-steals-the-spotlight-with-sora-%E2%9C%A8/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its release of [[ChatGPT]] in November 2022 has been credited with catalyzing widespread interest in [[generative AI]].
The organization consists of the [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] OpenAI, Inc'''.''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2015 |title=OPENAI, INC. |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/5902936 |access-date=August 2, 2023 |website=[[OpenCorporates]] |archive-date=August 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828053254/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/5902936 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Delaware General Corporation Law|registered in Delaware]], and its for-profit subsidiary introduced in 2019, OpenAI Global, LLC.<ref name="St">{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2023 |title=Our structure |url=https://openai.com/our-structure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729203855/https://openai.com/our-structure |archive-date=July 29, 2023 |website=OpenAI}}</ref> [[Microsoft]] owns roughly 49% of OpenAI's [[Equity (finance)|equity]], having invested US$13 billion.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= |first= |date=2023-11-November 20, 2023 |title=Sam Altman Joins Microsoft After OpenAI Ousting |url=https://time.com/6337503/sam-altman-joins-microsoft-ai/ |access-date=2024-06-June 25, 2024 |magazine=Time |language=en |archive-date=June 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625064602/https://time.com/6337503/sam-altman-joins-microsoft-ai/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also provides computing resources to OpenAI through its [[Microsoft Azure]] [[cloud computing|cloud platform]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=2023-03-March 13, 2023 |title=Microsoft spent hundreds of millions of dollars on a ChatGPT supercomputer |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/13/23637675/microsoft-chatgpt-bing-millions-dollars-supercomputer-openai |access-date=2024-06-June 25, 2024 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330071711/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/13/23637675/microsoft-chatgpt-bing-millions-dollars-supercomputer-openai |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2023 and 2024, OpenAI faced multiple lawsuits for alleged [[copyright infringement]] against authors and media companies whose work was used to train some of OpenAI's products. In November 2023, OpenAI's board [[Removal of Sam Altman from OpenAI|removed Sam Altman]] as CEO, citing a lack of confidence in him, and then reinstated him five days later after negotiations resulting in a reconstructed board. Many [[AGI safety]] researchers left OpenAI in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldman |first=Sharon |title=OpenAI's AGI safety team has been gutted, says ex-researcher |url=https://fortune.com/2024/08/26/openai-agi-safety-researchers-exodus/ |access-date=2024-08-August 29, 2024 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref>
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On March 11, 2024, court filing, OpenAI said it was "doing just fine without Elon Musk" after he left the company in 2018. They also responded to Musk's lawsuit, calling the billionaire's claims "incoherent", "frivolous", "extraordinary" and "a fiction".<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=OpenAI ridicules Elon Musk's 'incoherent' lawsuit |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/11/tech/openai-elon-musk-lawsuit-response/index.html |access-date=March 12, 2024 |website=CNN |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312022927/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/11/tech/openai-elon-musk-lawsuit-response/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 11, 2024, Musk unexpectedly withdrew the lawsuit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Field|first=Hayden|date=June 11, 2024|title=Elon Musk drops suit against OpenAI and Sam Altman|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/11/elon-musk-drops-suit-against-openai-and-sam-altman.html|access-date=June 12, 2024}}</ref> On August 5, 2024, Musk reopened the lawsuit against Altman and others, alleging that Altman claimed that OpenAI was going to be founded as a non-profit organization.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=August 5, 2024|title=Elon Musk revives lawsuit against OpenAI, Sam Altman in federal court|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/05/elon-musk-revives-lawsuit-against-openai-sam-altman-in-federal-court.html|access-date=August 5, 2024|archive-date=August 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805125804/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/05/elon-musk-revives-lawsuit-against-openai-sam-altman-in-federal-court.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=De Avila|first=Joseph|date=August 5, 2024|title=Elon Musk Revives Lawsuit Against OpenAI and Sam Altman|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=News Corp|url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/elon-musk-revives-lawsuit-against-openai-and-sam-altman-d7e5a87c|access-date=August 5, 2024|archive-date=August 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805154833/https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/elon-musk-revives-lawsuit-against-openai-and-sam-altman-d7e5a87c|url-status=live}}</ref>
On May 15, 2024, Ilya Sutskever resigned from OpenAI and was replaced with Jakub Pachocki to be the Chief Scientist.<ref name="may14">{{cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=OpenAI chief scientist Ilya Sutskever is officially leaving |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/14/24156920/openai-chief-scientist-ilya-sutskever-leaves |website=The Verge |access-date=May 14, 2024 |language=en |date=May 14, 2024 |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514234107/https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/14/24156920/openai-chief-scientist-ilya-sutskever-leaves |url-status=live }}</ref> Hours later, [[Jan Leike]], the other co-leader of the superalignment team, announced his departure, citing an erosion of safety and trust in OpenAI's leadership.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |first=Sigal |date=2024-05-May 17, 2024 |title="I lost trust": Why the OpenAI team in charge of safeguarding humanity imploded |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2024/5/17/24158403/openai-resignations-ai-safety-ilya-sutskever-jan-leike-artificial-intelligence |access-date=2024-05-May 18, 2024 |website=Vox |language=en |archive-date=May 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518205458/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2024/5/17/24158403/openai-resignations-ai-safety-ilya-sutskever-jan-leike-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live }}</ref> Their departures along with several researchers leaving the group, led OpenAI to absorb the team's work into other research areas, and officially shut down the superalignment group.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |date=May 17, 2024 |title=OpenAI's Long-Term AI Risk Team Has Disbanded |url=https://www.wired.com/story/openai-superalignment-team-disbanded/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519042239/https://www.wired.com/story/openai-superalignment-team-disbanded/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to sources interviewed by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'', OpenAI's promise of allocating 20% of its computing capabilities to the superalignment project had not been fulfilled.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OpenAI promised 20% of its computing power to combat the most dangerous kind of AI—but never delivered, sources say |url=https://fortune.com/2024/05/21/openai-superalignment-20-compute-commitment-never-fulfilled-sutskever-leike-altman-brockman-murati/ |access-date=2024-05-May 25, 2024 |website=Fortune |language=en |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523232014/https://fortune.com/2024/05/21/openai-superalignment-20-compute-commitment-never-fulfilled-sutskever-leike-altman-brockman-murati/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On May 19, 2024, [[Reddit]] and OpenAI announced a partnership to integrate Reddit's content into OpenAI products, including [[ChatGPT]]. This collaboration allows OpenAI to access Reddit's Data [[API]], providing real-time, structured content to enhance AI tools and user engagement with Reddit communities. Additionally, Reddit plans to develop new AI-powered features for users and [[Moderator (communications)|moderators]] using OpenAI's platform. The partnership aligns with Reddit's commitment to privacy, adhering to its Public Content Policy and existing Data API Terms, which restrict commercial use without approval. OpenAI will also serve as a Reddit advertising partner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-May 16, 2024 |title=Reddit and OpenAI Build Partnership - Upvoted |url=https://www.redditinc.com/blog/reddit-and-oai-partner |access-date=2024-05-May 19, 2024 |website=www.redditinc.com |language=en-US |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519012615/https://www.redditinc.com/blog/reddit-and-oai-partner |url-status=live }}</ref>
On May 22, 2024, OpenAI entered into an agreement with [[News Corp]] to integrate news content from ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', the ''[[New York Post]]'', ''[[The Times]]'', and ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' into its AI platform. Meanwhile, other publications like ''[[The New York Times]]'' chose to sue OpenAI and [[Microsoft]] for copyright infringement over the use of their content to train AI models.<ref>{{cite news|title=OpenAI and Wall Street Journal owner News Corp sign content deal |date=22 May 22, 2024 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/may/22/openai-chatgpt-news-corp-deal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523030813/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/may/22/openai-chatgpt-news-corp-deal |archive-date=23 May 23, 2024 |access-date=23 May 23, 2024}}</ref>
On May 29, 2024, ''[[Axios (website)|Axios]]'' reported that OpenAI had signed deals with [[Vox Media]] and ''[[The Atlantic]]'' to share content to enhance the accuracy of AI models like ChatGPT by incorporating reliable news sources, addressing concerns about AI misinformation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/2024/05/29/atlantic-vox-media-openai-licensing-deal|title=Exclusive: The Atlantic, Vox Media ink licensing, product deals with OpenAI|date=May 29, 2024|access-date=June 3, 2024|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|last=Fischer|first=Sara|archive-date=May 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531134558/https://www.axios.com/2024/05/29/atlantic-vox-media-openai-licensing-deal|url-status=live}}</ref> Concerns were expressed about the decision by journalists, including those working for the publications, as well as the publications' unions. The Vox Union stated, "As both journalists and workers, we have serious concerns about this partnership, which we believe could adversely impact members of our union, not to mention the well-documented ethical and environmental concerns surrounding the use of generative AI."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/05/openai-content-deals-with-vox-and-the-atlantic-spark-criticism-from-journalists/|title=Journalists "deeply troubled" by OpenAI's content deals with Vox, The Atlantic|date=June 1, 2024|access-date=June 3, 2024|website=[[Ars Technica]]|last1=Edwards|first1=Benj|last2=Belanger|first2=Ashley|archive-date=May 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531224456/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/05/openai-content-deals-with-vox-and-the-atlantic-spark-criticism-from-journalists/|url-status=live}}</ref>
A group of nine current and former OpenAI employees has accused the company of prioritizing profits over safety, using restrictive agreements to silence concerns, and moving too quickly with inadequate risk management. They call for greater transparency, whistleblower protections, and legislative regulation of AI development.<ref>{{cite news|title=OpenAI Insiders Warn of a 'Reckless' Race for Dominance |work=The New York Times |date=4 June 4, 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/technology/openai-culture-whistleblowers.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605151211/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/technology/openai-culture-whistleblowers.html |archive-date=5 June 5, 2024 |access-date=6 June 6, 2024 |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin }}</ref>
On June 10, 2024, it was announced at [[Worldwide Developers Conference#2024|WWDC 2024]] that OpenAI had partnered with [[Apple Inc.]] to bring ChatGPT features to [[Apple Intelligence]] and [[iPhone]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2024-06-June 10, 2024 |title=Apple brings ChatGPT to its apps, including Siri |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/10/apple-brings-chatgpt-to-its-apps-including-siri/ |access-date=2024-06-June 10, 2024 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=June 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610190918/https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/10/apple-brings-chatgpt-to-its-apps-including-siri/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On June 13, 2024, OpenAI announced that [[Paul Nakasone]], the former head of the [[NSA]] was joining the company's board of directors. Nakasone also joined the company's security subcommittee.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coldewey |first1=Devin |title=Former NSA head joins OpenAI board and safety committee |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/13/former-nsa-head-joins-openai-board-and-safety-committee/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=15 June 15, 2024 |date=13 June 13, 2024 |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614000140/https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/13/former-nsa-head-joins-openai-board-and-safety-committee/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On June 24, 2024, OpenAI acquired Multi, a startup running a collaboration platform based on [[Zoom (software)|Zoom]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wiggers |first1=Kyle |title=OpenAI buys a remote collaboration platform |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/24/openai-buys-a-remote-collaboration-platform/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=5 July 5, 2024 |date=24 June 24, 2024 |archive-date=June 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629064556/https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/24/openai-buys-a-remote-collaboration-platform/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2024, [[Reuters]] reported that OpenAI was working on a project code-named "Strawberry" (previously known as Q*) aiming to enhance AI reasoning capabilities. The project reportedly seeks to enable AI to plan ahead, navigate the internet autonomously, and conduct "deep research".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tong |first1=Anna |last2=Paul |first2=Katie |date=15 July 15, 2024 |title=Exclusive: OpenAI working on new reasoning technology under code name 'Strawberry' |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-working-new-reasoning-technology-under-code-name-strawberry-2024-07-12/ |access-date=22 July 22, 2024 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713080951/https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-working-new-reasoning-technology-under-code-name-strawberry-2024-07-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sager |first=Monica |date=2024-07-July 16, 2024 |title=What we know about OpenAI's secretive 'Project Strawberry' |url=https://www.newsweek.com/openai-strawberry-chat-gpt-ai-sam-altman-1925960 |access-date=2024-07-July 22, 2024 |website=Newsweek |language=en |archive-date=July 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722214700/https://www.newsweek.com/openai-strawberry-chat-gpt-ai-sam-altman-1925960 |url-status=live }}</ref> The project was officially released on September 12 and named [[o1 (generative pre-trained transformer)|o1]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robison |first1=Kylie |title=OpenAI releases o1, its first model with ‘reasoning’ abilities |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/12/24242439/openai-o1-model-reasoning-strawberry-chatgpt |website=The Verge |access-date=13 September 13, 2024 |language=en |date=12 September 12, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913134303/https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/12/24242439/openai-o1-model-reasoning-strawberry-chatgpt |url-status=live }}</ref>
On August 5th5, [[TechCrunch]] reported that OpenAI's cofounder John Schulman has left the company to join rival AI startup [[Anthropic]]. Schulman cited a desire to focus more deeply on AI alignment research as his reason for the move. Additionally, OpenAI's president and co-founder, Greg Brockman, is taking an extended leave until the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=August 6, 2024-08-06 |title=OpenAI co-founder Schulman leaves for Anthropic, Brockman takes extended leave |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/05/openai-co-founder-leaves-for-anthropic/ |access-date=August 7, 2024-08-07 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=August 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807070712/https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/05/openai-co-founder-leaves-for-anthropic/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Participants ==
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* [[Nicole Seligman]]
* [[Fidji Simo]]
* [[Paul Nakasone]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=2024-06-June 13, 2024 |title=Former head of NSA joins OpenAI board |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/13/24178079/openai-board-paul-nakasone-nsa-safety |access-date=2024-06-June 14, 2024 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614060521/https://www.theverge.com/2024/6/13/24178079/openai-board-paul-nakasone-nsa-safety |url-status=live }}</ref> Former Director of the [[National Security Agency]] (2018-2024)
* Zico Kolter<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 8, 2024-08-08 |title=OpenAI Names Computer Scientist Zico Kolter as New Board Member |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-08/openai-names-computer-scientist-zico-kolter-as-new-board-member |access-date=August 14, 2024-08-14 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>
Sources:<ref name="St" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Who are OpenAI's new board members? |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/who-are-openais-new-board-members-2024-03-11/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>
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==== Gym ====
Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source [[Python (programming language)|Python]] library designed to facilitate the development of reinforcement learning algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are defined in AI research, making published research more easily reproducible<ref name=":0">{{cite news|author1=Dave Gershgorn|title=Elon Musk's Artificial Intelligence Group Opens A 'Gym' To Train A.I.|url=http://www.popsci.com/elon-musks-artificial-intelligence-group-opens-gym-to-train-ai|access-date=April 29, 2016|work=Popular Science|date=April 27, 2016|archive-date=April 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430045139/http://www.popsci.com/elon-musks-artificial-intelligence-group-opens-gym-to-train-ai|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Greg Brockman|author2=John Schulman|title=OpenAI Gym Beta|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-gym-beta/|website=OpenAI Blog|publisher=OpenAI|access-date=April 29, 2016|language=en-us|date=April 27, 2016|archive-date=February 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226173517/https://openai.com/blog/openai-gym-beta/|url-status=live}}</ref> while providing users with a simple interface for interacting with these environments. In 2022, new developments of Gym have been moved to the library Gymnasium.<ref>{{Cite web |title=openai/gym |url=https://github.com/openai/gym |access-date=August 29, 2024 |website=GitHub |quote=The team that has been maintaining Gym since 2021 has moved all future development to Gymnasium, a drop in replacement for Gym (import gymnasium as gym), and Gym will not be receiving any future updates. |archive-date=August 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823033813/https://github.com/openai/gym |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-October 25, 2022 |title=Announcing The Farama Foundation - The future of open source reinforcement learning |url=https://farama.org/Announcing-The-Farama-Foundation |access-date=2024-08-August 29, 2024 |website=The Farama Foundation |language=en |archive-date=August 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829061404/https://farama.org/Announcing-The-Farama-Foundation |url-status=live }}</ref>
===== Gym Retro =====
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==== GPT-4o ====
On May 13, 2024, OpenAI announced and released [[GPT-4o]], which can process and generate text, images and audio.<ref name="TechCrunch">{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2024-05-May 13, 2024 |title=OpenAI debuts GPT-4o 'omni' model now powering ChatGPT |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/05/13/openais-newest-model-is-gpt-4o/ |access-date=2024-05-May 13, 2024 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522094111/https://techcrunch.com/2024/05/13/openais-newest-model-is-gpt-4o/ |url-status=live }}</ref> GPT-4o achieved state-of-the-art results in voice, multilingual, and vision benchmarks, setting new records in audio speech recognition and translation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=van Rijmenam |first1=Mark |date=13 May 13, 2024 |title=OpenAI Launched GPT-4o: The Future of AI Interactions Is Here |url=https://www.thedigitalspeaker.com/openai-gpt4o-future-ai-interactions/ |access-date=17 May 17, 2024 |website=The Digital Speaker |archive-date=May 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517013424/https://www.thedigitalspeaker.com/openai-gpt4o-future-ai-interactions/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Daws |first=Ryan |date=2024-05-May 14, 2024 |title=GPT-4o delivers human-like AI interaction with text, audio, and vision integration |url=https://www.artificialintelligence-news.com/2024/05/14/gpt-4o-human-like-ai-interaction-text-audio-vision-integration/ |access-date=2024-05-May 18, 2024 |website=AI News |language=en-GB |archive-date=May 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518131148/https://www.artificialintelligence-news.com/2024/05/14/gpt-4o-human-like-ai-interaction-text-audio-vision-integration/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding ([[MMLU]]) benchmark compared to 86.5% by GPT-4.<ref name="Hello GPT-4o">{{Cite web |title=Hello GPT-4o |url=https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/ |website=OpenAI |access-date=July 14, 2024 |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514024319/https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller version of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its [[API]] costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be particularly useful for enterprises, startups and developers seeking to automate services with AI agents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Franzen |first=Carl |date=2024-07-July 18, 2024 |title=OpenAI unveils GPT-4o mini — a smaller, much cheaper multimodal AI model |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/openai-unveils-gpt-4o-mini-a-smaller-much-cheaper-multimodal-ai-model/ |access-date=2024-07-July 18, 2024 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=July 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718185315/https://venturebeat.com/ai/openai-unveils-gpt-4o-mini-a-smaller-much-cheaper-multimodal-ai-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== o1 ====
{{Main article|OpenAI o1}}
On September 12th12, 2024, OpenAI released the o1-preview and o1-mini models, which have been designed to take more time to think about their responses, leading to higher accuracy. These models are particularly effective in science, coding, and reasoning tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Team members.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knight |first=Will |title=OpenAI Announces a New AI Model, Code-Named Strawberry, That Solves Difficult Problems Step by Step |url=https://www.wired.com/story/openai-o1-strawberry-problem-reasoning/ |access-date=2024-09-September 14, 2024 |work=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914005013/https://www.wired.com/story/openai-o1-strawberry-problem-reasoning/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robison |first=Kylie |date=2024-09-September 12, 2024 |title=OpenAI releases o1, its first model with ‘reasoning’ abilities |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/12/24242439/openai-o1-model-reasoning-strawberry-chatgpt |access-date=2024-09-September 17, 2024 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913134303/https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/12/24242439/openai-o1-model-reasoning-strawberry-chatgpt |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Image classification ===
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==== SearchGPT ====
{{main|SearchGPT}}
SearchGPT, a prototype [[search engine]] developed by OpenAI, was unveiled on July 25, 2024, with an initial limited release to 10,000 test users. It combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robison |first=Kylie |date=2024-07-July 25, 2024 |title=OpenAI announces SearchGPT, its AI-powered search engine |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/7/25/24205701/openai-searchgpt-ai-search-engine-google-perplexity-rival |access-date=2024-07-July 27, 2024 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726180050/https://www.theverge.com/2024/7/25/24205701/openai-searchgpt-ai-search-engine-google-perplexity-rival |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2024-07-July 25, 2024 |title=With Google in its sights, OpenAI unveils SearchGPT |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/25/with-google-in-its-sights-openai-unveils-searchgpt/ |access-date=2024-07-July 26, 2024 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726010010/https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/25/with-google-in-its-sights-openai-unveils-searchgpt/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Stargate and other supercomputers ===
Stargate is a potential [[artificial intelligence]] [[supercomputer]] in development by [[Microsoft]] and OpenAI.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Bajwa, Simao, Gregorio |first=Arsheeya, Paul, David |date=2024-03-March 29, 2024 |title=Microsoft, OpenAI plan $100 billion data-center project, media report says |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-openai-planning-100-billion-data-center-project-information-reports-2024-03-29/ |access-date=June 6, 2024-06-06 |website=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620203250/https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-openai-planning-100-billion-data-center-project-information-reports-2024-03-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Stargate is designed as part of a greater data center project, which could represent an investment of as much as $100 billion by Microsoft.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=2024-03-March 29, 2024 |title=Microsoft and OpenAI Plot $100 Billion Stargate AI Supercomputer |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/microsoft-and-openai-plot-100-billion-stargate-ai-supercomputer |url-status=live |access-date=June 6, 2024-06-06 |work=[[The Information (website)|The Information]]}}</ref>
Stargate is reported to be part of a series of AI-related construction projects planned in the next few years by the companies Microsoft and OpenAI.<ref name=":12"/> The supercomputers will be constructed in five phases.<ref name=":03" /> The fourth phase should consist in a smaller OpenAI supercomputer, planned to launch around 2026.<ref name=":03" /> Stargate is the fifth and final phase of the program, and will take five and six years to complete and is slated to launch around 2028.<ref name=":12" />
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{{Anchor|Q*}}
On November 21, 2023, after continued negotiations, Altman and Brockman returned to the company in their prior roles along with a reconstructed board made up of new members [[Bret Taylor]] (as chairman) and [[Lawrence Summers]], with D'Angelo remaining.<ref name=":30">{{cite web |last1=Heath |first1=Alex |title=Breaking: Sam Altman to return as CEO of OpenAI |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/22/23967223/sam-altman-returns-ceo-open-ai |website=The Verge |language=en |date=November 22, 2023 |access-date=November 22, 2023 |archive-date=November 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122060733/https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/22/23967223/sam-altman-returns-ceo-open-ai |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 22, 2023, emerging reports suggested that Sam Altman's dismissal from OpenAI may have been linked to his alleged mishandling of a significant breakthrough in the organization's secretive project codenamed Q*. According to sources within OpenAI, Q* is aimed at developing AI capabilities in logical and mathematical reasoning, and reportedly involves performing math on the level of grade-school students.<ref name=gradeschool>{{cite news|title=Exclusive: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say|author=Anna Tong|author2=Jeffrey Dastin|author3=Krystal Hu|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22|date=November 22, 2023|quote=Some at OpenAI believe Q* (pronounced Q-Star) could be a breakthrough in the startup's search for what's known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), one of the people told Reuters. OpenAI defines AGI as autonomous systems that surpass humans in most economically valuable tasks.|access-date=November 23, 2023|archive-date=November 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123045247/https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/openai/prm800k|title=openai/prm800k|date=January 16, 2024|via=GitHub|access-date=December 4, 2023|archive-date=November 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124210953/https://github.com/openai/prm800k|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|title=Let's Verify Step by Step|eprint=2305.20050 |last1=Lightman |first1=Hunter |last2=Kosaraju |first2=Vineet |last3=Burda |first3=Yura |last4=Edwards |first4=Harri |last5=Baker |first5=Bowen |last6=Lee |first6=Teddy |last7=Leike |first7=Jan |last8=Schulman |first8=John |last9=Sutskever |first9=Ilya |last10=Cobbe |first10=Karl |date=2023 |class=cs.LG }}</ref> Concerns about Altman's response to this development, specifically regarding the discovery's potential safety implications, were reportedly raised with the company's board shortly before Altman's firing.<ref name="Anna Tong 2023 u135">{{cite web | last1=Tong | first1=Anna | last2=Dastin | first2=Jeffrey | last3=Hu | first3=Krystal | title=Exclusive: OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say | website=Reuters | date=November 23, 2023 | url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/ | access-date=November 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 11, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211175826/https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/ | url-status=live }}</ref> On November 29, 2023, OpenAI announced that an anonymous Microsoft employee had joined the board as a non-voting member to observe the company's operations;<ref name=":31">{{cite web |last1=Heath |first1=Alex |title=Microsoft joins OpenAI's board with Sam Altman officially back as CEO |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/29/23981848/sam-altman-back-open-ai-ceo-microsoft-board |website=The Verge |language=en |date=November 30, 2023 |access-date=December 14, 2023 |archive-date=December 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214033303/https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/29/23981848/sam-altman-back-open-ai-ceo-microsoft-board |url-status=live }}</ref> Microsoft resigned from the board in July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft ditches OpenAI board observer seat amid regulatory scrutiny |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/business/microsoft-ditches-openai-board-observer-seat-amid-regulatory-scrutiny-4469086 |access-date=2024-07-July 10, 2024 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=July 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711100155/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/business/microsoft-ditches-openai-board-observer-seat-amid-regulatory-scrutiny-4469086 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Content moderation contract with Sama ===
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=== Non-disparagement agreement ===
On May 17, 2024, a [[Vox (website)|Vox]] article reported that OpenAI was asking departing employees to sign a lifelong [[Non-disclosure agreement|non-disparagement agreement]] forbidding them from criticizing OpenAI or acknowledging the existence of the agreement. Daniel Kokotajlo, a former employee, publicly stated that he forfeited his vested equity in OpenAI in order to leave without signing the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piper |first=Kelsey |date=2024-05-May 17, 2024 |title=ChatGPT can talk, but OpenAI employees sure can't |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2024/5/17/24158478/openai-departures-sam-altman-employees-chatgpt-release |access-date=2024-05-May 18, 2024 |website=Vox |language=en |archive-date=May 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518221431/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2024/5/17/24158478/openai-departures-sam-altman-employees-chatgpt-release |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Christian |first=Jon |date=May 18, 2024 |title=OpenAI Employees Forced to Sign NDA Preventing Them From Ever Criticizing Company |url=https://futurism.com/the-byte/openai-nda-criticism |access-date=2024-05-May 18, 2024 |website=Futurism |archive-date=May 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518221433/https://futurism.com/the-byte/openai-nda-criticism |url-status=live }}</ref> Sam Altman stated that he was unaware of the equity cancellation provision, and that OpenAI never enforced it to cancel any employee's vested equity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Getahun |first=Hannah |title=Sam Altman addresses 'potential equity cancellation' in OpenAI exit agreements after 2 high-profile departures |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-openai-nda-clause-vested-equity-ilya-sutskever-2024-5 |access-date=2024-05-May 19, 2024 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519130546/https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-openai-nda-clause-vested-equity-ilya-sutskever-2024-5 |url-status=live }}</ref> Vox published leaked documents and emails challenging this claim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piper |first=Kelsey |date=2024-05-May 22, 2024 |title=Leaked OpenAI documents reveal aggressive tactics toward former employees |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/351132/openai-vested-equity-nda-sam-altman-documents-employees |access-date=June 2, 2024-06-02 |website=Vox |language=en-US |archive-date=June 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601161425/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/351132/openai-vested-equity-nda-sam-altman-documents-employees |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 23, 2024, OpenAI sent a memo releasing former employees from the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Field |first=Hayden |date=2024-05-May 24, 2024 |title=OpenAI sends internal memo releasing former employees from controversial exit agreements |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/24/openai-sends-internal-memo-releasing-former-employees-from-non-disparagement-agreements-sam-altman.html |access-date=June 2, 2024-06-02 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530032655/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/24/openai-sends-internal-memo-releasing-former-employees-from-non-disparagement-agreements-sam-altman.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Copyright infringement in training data ===
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=== Use in state-backed influence operations ===
In May 2024, OpenAI removed accounts used by state-backed [[influence operations]] such as China's [[Spamouflage]] and Russia's [[Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)|Doppelganger]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bond |first=Shannon |date=May 30, 2024 |title=In a first, OpenAI removes influence operations tied to Russia, China and Israel |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/05/30/g-s1-1670/openai-influence-operations-china-russia-israel |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=[[NPR]] |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530183810/https://www.npr.org/2024/05/30/g-s1-1670/openai-influence-operations-china-russia-israel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bergengruen |first=Vera |date=2024-05-May 30, 2024 |title=OpenAI Says Russia, China, and Israel Are Using Its Tools for Foreign Influence Campaigns |url=https://time.com/6983903/openai-foreign-influence-campaigns-artificial-intelligence/ |access-date=2024-07-July 11, 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en |archive-date=July 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711014517/https://time.com/6983903/openai-foreign-influence-campaigns-artificial-intelligence/ |url-status=live }}</ref> OpenAI banned access to its services from China in July 2024.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= |first= |date=2024-06-June 26, 2024 |title=How OpenAI Leaving China Will Reshape the Country's AI Scene |url=https://time.com/6992026/openai-china-ai/ |access-date=2024-07-July 11, 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en |archive-date=July 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711014517/https://time.com/6992026/openai-china-ai/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Data scraping ===
In June 2023, a lawsuit claimed that OpenAI scraped 300 billion words online without consent and without registering as a data broker. It was filed in [[San Francisco]], [[California]], by sixteen anonymous plaintiffs. They also claimed that OpenAI and its partner as well as customer [[Microsoft]] continued to unlawfully collect and use personal data from millions of consumers worldwide to train artificial intelligence models.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Xiang |first1=Chloe |title=OpenAI and Microsoft Sued for $3 Billion Over Alleged ChatGPT 'Privacy Violations' |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxjxgx/openai-and-microsoft-sued-for-dollar3-billion-over-alleged-chatgpt-privacy-violations |work=Vice |date=29 June 29, 2023 |language=en |access-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713042222/https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxjxgx/openai-and-microsoft-sued-for-dollar3-billion-over-alleged-chatgpt-privacy-violations |url-status=live }}</ref>
== See also ==