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Line 72: In the first decades of the 19th century, three Oromo monarchies, Enarya, Goma and Guma, rose to prominence.<ref name=Degu2002/> The collective area was known as '''Galla-land''' and comprised most of central and southern Ethiopia, including lands now held by other ethnic regions.<ref name=EB/> In the general view of Oromo people's role in Ethiopia, one of the Oromo leader named Ras [[Gobana Dacche]] led the development of modern Ethiopia and the political and military incorporation of more territories into Ethiopian borders. Gobana, under the authority of Amhara ruler Emperor [[Menelik II]], incorporated several and brought large sections of the Horn of Africa into a centralized Ethiopian state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/j/ORTJA.pdf |title=Ras Gobena victory against Gurage militia |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2013-08-10}}</ref><ref>Donald Levine, ''Greater Ethiopia, the Evolution of a multicultural society'' (University of Chicago Press: 1974)</ref> The inter-tribal relationships within the Oromo people, as well as their relationship with the Amhara people who are the second largest ethnic group has been historically complicated. There was intertribal fighting within Oromo.{{Sfn|Donald N. Levine|2014|pp=85, 136}} Over 450 years, through the 19th century, states [[Donald N. Levine]], the warfare between Amhara and Oromo had been "more or less continuous". In the southern and western regions, the Oromo-Amhara wars have been as terribly destructive as those between Amhara and Muslim Sultanates in the east.{{Sfn|Donald N. Levine|2014|pp=85-86}} Moreover, the Oromos were divided into numerous tribes and were fighting between themselves and with other ethnic groups.{{Sfn|Donald N. Levine|2014|p=85}} Oromos most esteemed adversaries, states Levine, had been other Oromo speaking tribes and was one factor behind the increased slave trade in the first half of the nineteenth century.<ref name="A14">Donald N. Levine [https://books.google.com.et/books?id=TtmFQejWaaYC&pg=PA136 Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society]. University of Chicago Press (2000) pp. 136 Google Books</ref><ref name="A151">Donald N. Levine [https://books.google.com.et/books?id=TtmFQejWaaYC&pg=PA156 Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society]. University of Chicago Press (2000) pp. 156 Google Books</ref> To complicate matters, some Oromo groups formed an alliance and cooperated with Amhara-Tirgrean authorities.{{Sfn|Donald N. Levine|2014|p=85}} Some of these Oromo groups who made alliance, like [[Yejju Oromo tribe|Yejju tribe]], even end up as the rulers of Amhara-Tigrean people between 1769-1855.<ref name=A1-2-1-1>Paulos Milkias, Getachew Metaferia [https://books.google.com.et/books?id=pq1MBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA274&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=1769-1855&f=false The Battle of Adwa: Reflections on Ethiopia's Historic Victory Against European Colonialism]. Algora Publishing (2005) pp. 274-275 Google Books</ref><ref name=A1-2-1-12>Aṣma Giyorgis, Bairu Tafla [https://books.google.com.et/books?id=mGcwAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Gozzam,+Bagemeder,+Tegre+and+Wallo+with+absolute+authority%22&dq=%22Gozzam,+Bagemeder,+Tegre+and+Wallo+with+absolute+authority%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwirruucpdjRAhVqDcAKHRuaCE0Q6AEIGzAA Aṣma Giyorgis and his work: history of the Gāllā and the kingdom of Šawā]. Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH (1987) pp. 439 Google Books</ref> The inter-relationship between Oromo and Amhara peoples has been a subject of dispute, some suggesting evidence of integration while others suggesting on-going abuse that continued through the 20th century. From one perspective, ethnically mixed Ethiopians with Oromo background made up a small percentage of Ethiopian generals and leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0020) |title=Union of Amhara and Oromo in royal families |publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-08-10}}</ref> The Wollo Oromo (particularly the Raya Oromo and Yejju Oromo) were early Oromo holders of power among the increasingly mixed Ethiopian state. The later north-to-south movement of central power in Ethiopia led to Oromos in Shewa holding power in Ethiopia together with the Shewan [[Amhara people|Amhara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0020) |title=Oromo in Ethiopian leadership |publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-08-10}}</ref> | |||