Paradigm: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Otheruses}}

The word '''paradigm''' ({{pron-en|ˈpɛrədaɪmˈpærədaɪm}}) refers to a dynamic field or "[[world]]" of concepts &mdash;such that it represents a union between [[academia|intelligent inquiry]] and some particular kind of [[world view]]. The term has been used in [[linguistics]] and [[science]] to describe distinct concepts. It comes from [[Greek language|Greek]] "παράδειγμα" (''paradeigma''), "pattern, example, sample"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2Fdeigma παράδειγμα],

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> from the verb "παραδείκνυμι" (''paradeiknumi''), "exhibit, represent, expose"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dparadei%2Fknumi παραδείκνυμι], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and that from "παρά" (''para''), "beside, by"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2F παρά], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> + "δείκνυμι" (''deiknumi''), "to show, to point out".<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Ddei%2Fknumi δείκνυμι], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>

Until the 1960s, the word was specific to [[grammar]]: the 1900 ''[[Merriam-Webster]]'' dictionary defines its technical use only in the context of grammar or, in [[rhetoric]], as a term for an illustrative [[parable]] or [[fable]]. In [[linguistics]], [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] used ''paradigm'' to refer to a class of elements with similarities.

From the 1960s onward, the word has referred to thought pattern in any [[science|scientific]] [[discipline]] or other [[epistemology|epistemological]] context. The Merriam-Webster Online dictionary defines this usage as "a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated; ''broadly '': a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind."<ref>[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/paradigm paradigm - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Scientific paradigm==