Semi-Italian Opening: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox chess opening
|openingname = Paris Defence
|image = {{Chess diagram|=
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|=
|rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|=
|pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|=
| | |nd|pd| | | | |=
| | | | |pd| | | |=
| | |bl| |pl| | | |=
| | | | | |nl| | |=
|pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|=
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl|=
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}}
|moves= 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 d6
|ECO=C50
|nameorigin = Rodzinski vs. [[Alexander Alekhine|Alekhine]], Paris 1913
|parentopening = [[Italian Game]]
|AKA= Semi-Italian <br />"Half" [[Giuoco Piano]] <br />"Lesser" Giuoco Piano
|chessgid=node=34661&move=4&moves=e4.e5.Nf3.Nc6.Bc4.d6&nodes=21720.21721.21722.21723.24145.34661
}}
The '''Paris Defence''' is one of [[White and Black in chess|Black]]'s responses to the [[Italian Game]].<ref name="BCO" /> It begins with the moves:
:1. [[b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|e4]] [[b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5|e5]]
:2. [[b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3|Nf3]] [[b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6|Nc6]]
:3. [[b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4|Bc4]] [[b:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...d6|d6]]
Black's intent is to play a [[Hungarian Defense]] with an early ...Bg4, fighting for control of the d4-square. The [[chess opening|line]] was tried by [[Alexander Alekhine]] early in his career.<ref name="Harding, Botterill">Harding, Botterill (1977), pp. 129–30</ref><ref name="Horowitz">Horowitz (1964), pp. 40–41</ref> The first recorded use in international competition was in 1846.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
{{algebraic notation|pos=tocleft}}
==Lines==
===Main line: 4.c3===
* 4...Bg4 5.d4 Qe7 6.Be3 Nf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.Nbd2 g6 9.dxe5 and White was slightly better in [[Grigory Levenfish|Levenfish]]–[[Alexander Tolush|Tolush]], Leningrad 1939 (Black won).<ref name="BCO" /><ref name="Harding, Botterill" /><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1090700
| title=Levenfish vs Tolush, USSR Championship 1939
| publisher=Chessgames.com}}</ref>
* 4...Qe7 5.d4 g6 or 5.0-0 g6 is satisfactory for Black (Alekhine).
* 4...Be6 is preferred by [[Savielly Tartakower|Tartakower]].
===4.d4===
'''4... Bg4''' (after 4...exd4 5.Nxd4 Nf6 6.Nc3 White has the freer game according to [[Paul Keres|Keres]]; instead of 5...Nf6 [[Larry Evans|Evans]] has suggested 5...g6!?)<ref name="Harding, Botterill" /> and now:
*'''5. c3''' and now:
** 5...Qd7 and White has some [[Glossary of chess#Space|space advantage]] after either 6.d5 or 6.Bb5 (Keres), or 6.Be3 (Evans).<ref name="Harding, Botterill" />
** 5...Nf6 6.Qb3 +/− (Keres).
** 5...Qf6 6.Be3 Bxf3 7.Qxf3 +/= (Keres).
** 5...Qe7 [[Transposition (chess)|transposes]] to the Main line.
*'''5. h3!''' and White is slightly better,<ref name="BCO" /> for example: '''5... Bxf3 6. Qxf3''' and now:
** 6...Nf6 7.d5 ([[Wolfgang Unzicker|Unzicker]]).
** 6...Qf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.Be3 Bd6 10.Nc3 Ne7 11.Nb5 a6 12.Nxd6 Qxd6 13.0-0 Qc6 14.f4! and White had the attack in [[Viktor Gavrikov|Gavrikov]]–[[Evgeny Vladimirov|Vladimirov]], USSR 1978 (Unzicker).
===4.h3===
White prevents Black's thematic ...Bg4. The reply 4.h3 leads to lines similar to the [[Hungarian Defense]], for example: '''4... Be7 5. d4''' and now:
* 5...Nf6 6.d5 Nb8 7.Bd3 0-0 8.Be3 a5 9.g4!? (Keres preferred 9.c4) Na6 10.Qd2 c6 11.c4 Nd7 12.Nc3 Ndc5 leading to a sharp game with balanced chances in [[Viktor Kupreichik|Kupreichik]]–Podgayets, USSR 1970.<ref name="Harding, Botterill" />
* 5...Nxd4 6.Nxd4 exd4 7.Qh5 g6 8.Qd5 Be6 9.Qxb7 Nf6 10.Bxe6 fxe6 11.Qc6+ Kf7 12.Nd2 Qd7 13.Qc4 c5 14.0-0 d5 = Sax–Ivkov, Amsterdam 1976 (Unzicker).
===4.Nc3===
This transposes to the game Maslov–Lutikov, USSR 1963, which continued 4...Bg4 5.h3 Bxf3 6.Qxf3 Nf6 7.Ne2 (or 7.d3) +/= (Keres).
==Notable game==
{{Chess diagram|=
| tright
| Rodzinski vs. Alekhine, 1913
|=
8 |ql| | | | |bd| |rd|=
7 |pd| |pd|kd| | |pd|pd|=
6 | | |nd|pd| | | | |=
5 | | | | |pd| | | |=
4 | | |qd| |pl| |bd| |=
3 | | |pl| | |pl| | |=
2 |pl|pl| |pl| | |pl|pl|=
1 |rl|nl|bl| |kl| | |rl|=
a b c d e f g h
| Position after 11.f3
}}
Rodzinski versus [[Alexander Alekhine|Alekhine]], Paris 1913:<ref name="BCO">Kasparov, Keene (1982), pp. 308–9</ref><ref name="Harding, Botterill" />
'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 d6 4. c3 Bg4 5. Qb3!?'''
:5.d4, the Main line, is better.
'''5... Qd7 6. Ng5?!'''
:6.Bxf7+ Qxf7 7.Qxb7 Kd7 8.Qxa8 Bxf3 9.gxf3 Qxf3 10.Rg1 Qxe4+ 11.Kd1 Qf3+ 12.Ke1 Qe4+ = (Alekhine), or 12...e4 13.Na3 Ne5 14.Qxa7 Nd3+ 15.Kf1 = ([[Veniamin Sozin|Sozin]]).
'''6... Nh6 7. Nxf7 Nxf7 8. Bxf7+ Qxf7 9. Qxb7 Kd7 10. Qxa8 Qc4 11. f3''' (see diagram) '''Bxf3! 12. gxf3 Nd4 13. d3?'''
:13.cxd4 Qxc1+ −/+
'''13... Qxd3 14. cxd4 Be7 15. Qxh8 Bh4# 0–1'''
==See also==
* [[Hungarian Defense]]
* [[Philidor Defence]]
* [[List of chess openings]]
* [[List of chess openings named after places]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book
|last=Kasparov |first=Gary |authorlink=Garry Kasparov
|last2=Keene |first2=Raymond |author2-link=Raymond Keene
|title=Batsford Chess Openings
|publisher=American Chess Promotions
|year=1982
|isbn=0-7134-2112-6}}
*{{cite book
|author=[[Tim Harding (chess player)|T. D. Harding]]
|coauthors=G. S. Botterill
|title=The Italian Game
|publisher=[[Anova Books|B. T. Batsford Limited]]
|year=1977
|isbn=0-7134-3261-6}}
*{{cite book
|author=[[Israel Albert Horowitz|I. A. Horowitz]]
|title=Chess Openings: Theory and Practice
|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]
|year=1964
|isbn=0-671-20553-6}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Chess openings]]