Pashto grammar: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The stems can either share initial sounds as in example:

a) where ل is replaced by ن in the present tense:▼

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

▲|+ a) where ل is replaced by ن in the present tense:

! rowspan="2" | Verb

! rowspan="2" | Present Stem

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|}

b) where و is added in the middle in the present tense:▼

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

▲|+ b) where و is added in the middle in the present tense:

! rowspan="2" | Verb

! rowspan="2" | Present Stem

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|}

c) The verb ختل [to climb]:▼

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

▲|+ c) The verb ختل [to climb]:

! rowspan="2" | Verb

! rowspan="2" | Present Stem

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|}

d) where دل is dropped in the present tense:▼

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

▲|+ d) where دل is dropped in the present tense:

! rowspan="2" | Verb

! rowspan="2" | Present Stem

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'''Notes:'''

* present imperfective base = present stem

•* present imperfectiveperfective base: =و  /wә́/ + present stem

•* past imperfective base: past stem (+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc; optional elsewhere)▼

•* presentpast perfective base: و  /wә́/ + presentpast stem(+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc; optional elsewhere)

▲• past imperfective base: past stem (+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc; optional elsewhere)

• past perfective base: و  /wә́/ + past stem(+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc; optional elsewhere)▼

=== Second Conjugation Class ===

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|}

'''Notes:'''<ref name=":3"/>

* present imperfective base = present stem

•* present imperfectiveperfective base: =stressed prefix + present stem

▲•* past perfectiveimperfective base: و  /wә́/prefix + past stem (+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc.; optional elsewhere)

•* presentpast perfective base: stressed prefix + presentpast stem(+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc; optional elsewhere)

• past imperfective base: prefix + past stem (+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc.; optional elsewhere)

• past perfective base: stressed prefix + past stem(+ ل /ə́l/—prohibited in 3rd Person Sing. Masc; optional elsewhere)

==Verbs: Multiple Stems==