Pastoral pipes: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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==Removal of the Footjoint==

The Pastoral pipes gradually evolved into the Union pipes as Baroque musical tastes favoured a more expressive type of instrument.<ref>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/Sutherland-Manuscript.pdf</ref> The foot joint may have fallen out of use as early as the 1746-1770's1770s <ref> Brian. E. McCandless. “The Pastoral Bagpipe” Iris na bPiobairi (The pipers review) 17 (Spring 1998), 2: p. 19-28.</ref> as by then the Kennas of Mullingar were making chanters without footjoints. The oboists of the period, who usually played Pastoral pipes, would frequently removed or invert the foot joint in order to remove the low C# foot joint to play the chanter upon the knee, <ref> B Haynes, ‘The Eloquent Oboe – A History of the Hautboy 1640-1760’,. to obtain aA closed-end chanter that was already familiar in the [[Northumbrian smallpipes|smallpipes]] played on the Anglo/Scottish border [http://www.bemccandless.net/Bagpipes.htm] [http://www.bagpipeworld.co.uk/Gallery/UP8keyR.htm] [http://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/results.php?offset=61&no_results=12&PHPSESSID=0m851am1612gh5fi5bfltvd5g5&scache=5vof920v8z&searchdb=scran&sortby=&sortorder=ASC&field=project&searchterm=869&PHPSESSID=0m851am1612gh5fi5bfltvd5g5]</ref>.

The fall from grace of the open chanter was slow to take effect as Pastoral pipes with removable foot joints were still being made till the 1850s <ref> AD Fraser, ‘The Bagpipe’, Wm J Hay (1907) p 144 </ref> and played until the start of the [[First World War]]. <ref> http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:Fq1MNzZ5_WAJ:www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/Sutherland-Manuscript.pdf+pastoral+pipes+kenna&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk </ref> But by about 1800 most instruments were tuned for performance on the knee rather than off it, so that players could take advantage of the better dynamics, and the foot joint remnant today is the tenon cut around the foot of the modern uilleann chanter. <ref> http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/music/pastoral.pdf .</ref>