Petit Palais: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| image = Paris Petit Palais 3.jpg

| imagesize = 280

| caption = The {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} in 2017

| alt =

| mapframe-zoom = 16

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| coordinates = {{coord|48.86604|2.31453|format=dms|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline,title}}

| type = [[Historic site]], [[exhibition hall]]

| visitors = 1,200187,000637 (20182023)<ref>{{cite web |title=The 100 most popular art museums in the world—blockbusters, bots and bounce-backs |url=httphttps://parismuseeswww.paristheartnewspaper.frcom/en2024/actualite03/attendance26/the-in100-2018most-threepopular-millionart-visitorsmuseums-toin-citythe-ofworld-paris-museums2023 |titlewebsite=Attendancetheartnewspaper.com in|publisher=The 2018:Art threeNewspaper million visitors|access-date=11 toSeptember City of Paris museums!2024}}</ref>

| president =

| publictransit = [[Champs-Élysées–Clemenceau (Paris Métro)|Champs-Élysées–Clemenceau]]<br/>[[Franklin D. Roosevelt (Paris Métro)|Franklin D. Roosevelt]]<br/> [[File:Metro-M.svg|20px]] [[File:Paris Metro 1.svg|20px]] [[File:Paris m 9 jms.svg|20px]] [[File:Paris m 13 jms.svg|20px]]

| website = http[https://www.petitpalais.paris.fr/en www.petitpalais.paris.fr]

| architect = [[Charles Girault]]

}}

The '''{{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}}''' ({{IPA-|fr|pəti palɛ|lang}}; {{lang-en|Small Palace}}) is an [[art museum]] in the [[8th arrondissement of Paris]], France.

Built for the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|1900 Exposition Universelle]] ("universal exhibition"), it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts (''Musée des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris''). The {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} is located across from the {{Lang|fr|[[Grand Palais]]|italic=no}} on the former Avenue Nicolas II, today Avenue Winston-Churchill.<ref name=Anderson /><ref name=Iwarere /> The other façades of the building face the [[Seine]] and [[Champs-Élysées|Avenue des Champs-Élysées]].<ref name=Iwarere/>

The {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} is one of fourteen museums of the City of Paris that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public corporation [[Paris Musées]]. It has been listed since 1975 as a ''{{Lang|fr|[[monument historique]]''}} by the [[Ministry of Culture (France)|Ministry of Culture]].<ref name="merimee">{{Base Mérimée|PA00088878}} Petit Palais, actuellement musée des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris</ref>

==History==

===Design competition===

In 1894 a competition was held for the 1900 Exhibition area.<ref name=Worsdale /> The [[Palais de l'Industrie]] from the 1855 World’sWorld's Fair was considered unfitting and was to be replaced by something new for the 1900 Exhibition.<ref name=Mattie /> Architects had the option to do what they pleased (alter, destroy, or keep) with the Palais de l'Industrie. In the end, [[Charles Girault]] won the competition and built the Petit Palais as one of the buildings that replaced the Palais de l'Industrie.<ref name=Worsdale /><ref name=Mattie />

The construction of the Petit Palais began on 10 October 1897 and was completed in April 1900. The total cost of the Petit Palais at the time of the construction was 400,000 pounds.<ref name=Worsdale /> In 1902, the Petit Palais officially became the Palais des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Petit Palais of Paris - Tipps & Infos |url=https://www.cometoparis.com/paris-guide/paris-monuments/petit-palais-s953 |access-date=26 August 2022 |website=Come to Paris}}</ref>

===Inspiration===

[[File:The little Palace, Exposition Universal, 1900, Paris, France.jpg|thumb|left|The Petit Palais in 1900]]

[[File:Facade_of_Petit_Palais,_Paris_6_March_2015.jpg|thumb|left|The Petit Palais in 2015]]

[[File:Petit-Palais-Paris-02-2018.jpg|thumb|left|Petit Palais façade in 2018]]

Girault largely draws on the late 17th and early 18th century French style for the Petit Palais.<ref name=Worsdale /> Additionally his work, such as the domed central porch and the triple arcade, has many references to the stables at [[Chantilly, Oise]].<ref name=Worsdale />

===Plan of the building===

[[File:GD-FR-Paris-Grand Palais.jpg|thumb|ViewThe from{{Lang|fr|Petit thePalais|italic=no}} Eiffelnext Tower acrossto the {{Lang|fr|[[Grand Palais]]|italic=no}}. View from the Eiffel Tower.]]

Girault’sGirault's plan for the {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} had minimal alterations from the design to the execution.<ref name=Anderson /> The plan was original and fit perfectly in its given location.<ref name=Worsdale /> The {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} is a trapezoid shape with its larger side as the main façade facing the {{Lang|fr|Grand Palais|italic=no}}.<ref name=Anderson /> The building’sbuilding's shape makes a semi-circular courtyard at the center.<ref name=Anderson />

==Architecture==

The [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts style]] {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} was designed by [[Charles Girault]],<ref name=Iwarere /> and is around an octi-circular courtyard and garden,<ref name=Anderson /> similar to the {{Lang|fr|Grand Palais|italic=no}}. Its [[Ionic order|ionic columns]], grand porch, and dome echo those of the [[Les Invalides|Invalides]] across the river. The [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] depicting the city of Paris surrounded by muses is the work of sculptor [[Jean Antoine Injalbert]].<ref name=Worsdale />

The {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} was built to be a lasting building that would become a permanent fine arts museum after the exhibition.<ref name=Capital /> The materials of the building—stone, steel and concrete as well as the decoration were to demonstrate that the {{Lang|fr|Petit Palais|italic=no}} was built to be enduring.<ref name=Capital />

===Exterior===

====Main façade====

[[File:Gate Petit Palais Paris.jpg|thumb|Entrance]]

The main façade of the building faces the {{Lang|fr|Grand Palais|italic=no}}.<ref name=Anderson /> The focal point of the façade is the central entrance: "a central archway set in an archivolt topped by a dome and reached by a broad set of steps".<ref name=Worsdale /> Two wings flank the main entrance. These wings, continuing to the end (corner) pavilions, are embellished with free-standing columns that frame the tall windows.<ref name=Worsdale />

====Pavilions====

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==Exhibits==

The exhibits housed in the Petit Palais during the Exhibition displayed the History of Art from the beginning until the present era.<ref name=Anderson /> The History of French Art from 1800&ndash;1900 showed the stages of growth.<ref name=Iwarere /><ref name=Capital /> The inner gallery of Petit Palais exhibited “priceless"priceless treasures in ivory, tapestry, metal work, jewelry, and porcelain gathered from the most important collections of France”France".<ref name=Iwarere /> The outer gallery was a collection of royal French furniture.<ref name=Iwarere />

The exhibits are divided into sections: the [[Dutuit Collection]] of [[medieval]] and [[Renaissance]] paintings, drawings and ''objets d'art'';<ref name=Capital /> the Tuck Collection of 18th century furniture and the City of Paris collection of paintings. The museum displays paintings by painters such as [[Rembrandt]], [[Rubens]], [[Nicolas Poussin]], [[Claude Gellée]], [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Hubert Robert]], [[Greuze]] and a remarkable collection of 19th-century painting and sculpture: [[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres|Ingres]], [[Théodore Géricault|Géricault]], [[Eugène Delacroix|Delacroix]], [[Gustave Courbet|Courbet]], [[Claude Monet|Monet]], [[Alfred Sisley|Sisley]], [[Camille Pissarro|Pissarro]], [[Paul Cézanne|Cézanne]], [[Henri-Camille Danger|Danger]], [[Amedeo Modigliani|Modigliani]], [[Carpeaux]], [[Aristide Maillol|Maillol]] and [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]], among others. There is also a relatively small but important collection of ancient Greek and Roman art and of Christian icons for which the museums's first and only 21st -century artwork was acquired in 2019 (''Les Martyrs de Libye'' by [[Nikola Sarić (painter)|Nikola Sarić]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.petitpalais.paris.fr/collections/actualites/les-martyrs-de-libye |title=Les Martyrs de Libye |date=8 October 2019 |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>

==Reactions and influence abroad==

As a whole the architecture of the 1900 Exhibition was not well received<ref name=Mattie /> however, reactions to the Petit Palais were generally positive.<ref name=Iwarere /> Some people even claimed that the Petit Palais had the “power"power to educate the mind while it pleases the senses”senses".<ref name=Butler /> [[Leopold II of Belgium|King Leopold II of Belgium]] was very impressed with Girault's execution of the Petit Palais. This admiration started a "fruitful collaboration between monarch and architect".<ref name=Worsdale /> Girault was commissioned to build several structures including: "the [[Arc du Cinquantenaire|Arcade du Cinquantenaire]] in [[Brussels]], extensions at the [[Royal Castle of Laeken]], and a seafront colonnade at [[Ostend]]".<ref name=Worsdale /> The Petit Palais has served as a model for other public buildings, notably for the [[Royal Museum for Central Africa]] located in [[Tervuren]], Belgium;<ref name=Worsdale /> and the [[Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts|Museo de Bellas Artes]] (National Museum of Fine Arts) in [[Santiago]], Chile.

==Gallery==

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File:Diana Resting, by Jacob Jordaens.jpg|''Diana Resting'', by [[Jacob Jordaens]]

File:Dionysos Tauros Petit Palais ADUT00069.jpg|Mask of [[Dionysos Tauros]]

File:Auguste Clésinger - Woman stung by a snakeBacchante. 1848.jpg|''Woman stung by a snake'' by [[Auguste Clésinger]]

File:Antoine Bourdelle (Paris 1900, musée du Petit Palais) 1.jpg|''La naissance d'Aphrodite'' by [[Antoine Bourdelle]]

File:Le Petit Palais - Hélène Bertaux - Psyché sous l'empire du mystère - 001.jpg|''Psyché sous l'empire du mystère'', by [[Hélène Bertaux]]

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== See also ==

* [[List of museums in Paris]]

* [[List of largest art museums]]

* [[List of works by Henri Chapu]]

* [[The works of Paul Dubois- French sculptor]]

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* [http://www.parismusees.paris.fr/en Official Paris Musées website]

* [http://paris1900.lartnouveau.com/paris08/le_petit_palais.htm Paris1900.com: The Petit Palais] — ''1900 (Exposition Universelle) and current photographs''.

* [https://www.travelsspots.com/exploring-the-beauty-of-petit-palais Petit Palais] ''Exploring the Beauty of Petit Palais: A Journey into Art and Architecture.''

==References==

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<ref name=Anderson>{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=A|title=The Paris Exhibition Buildings|journal=Architectural Review|date=1900|volume=7|pages=28–37}}</ref>

<ref name=Butler>{{cite journal|last1=Butler|first1=Herbert|title=The Palaces of Fine Arts|journal=The Art Journal|date=1901|volume=41|pages=43–48}}</ref>

<ref name=Capital>{{cite journal|title=Capital Chic: Apollo talks to Christophe Leribault, director of the Petit Palais, on the eve of the opening of ‘Paris'Paris 1900’1900'|journal=Apollo|date=2014|volume=179|pages=25–26}}</ref>

<ref name=Iwarere>{{cite journal|last1=Iwarere|first1=Sesan|editor1-last=Gournay|editor1-first=Isabelle|editor2-last=McEvoy|editor2-first=Jean|title=Paris 1900: Petit Palais|journal=World's Fairs: Social and Architectural History|date=2005|publisher=University of Maryland Libraries|location=Maryland}}</ref>

<ref name=Mattie>{{cite book|last1=Mattie|first1=Erik|title=World's Fairs|date=1998|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|location=Princeton NJ}}</ref>

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[[Category:Exposition Universelle (1900)]]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in the 8th arrondissement of Paris]]

[[Category:BuildingsEvent andvenues structures completedestablished in 1900]]

[[Category:Monuments historiques of Paris]]

[[Category:Beaux-Arts architecture in France]]

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[[Category:1900 establishments in France]]

[[Category:Paris Musées]]

[[Category:20th-century architecture in France]]