Polish Socialist Party: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Article Images

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| abbreviation = PPS

| logo = Logo PPS.svg

| flag = PPS-flaga.png

| logo_alt = Logo of the Polish Socialist Party

| colorcode = {{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}

Line 13 ⟶ 14:

| founded = {{ubl|1892 (original form)|1987 (current form)}}

| headquarters = al. Niepodległości 161 lok. 2 [[Warsaw]]

| ideology = [[Democratic socialism]] [[Anti-~~Fascism~~fascism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ppspl.eu/o2023/11/09/dzien-~~nas~~walki-z-faszyzmem-i-antysemityzmem/|title=Refleksje w Dniu walki z faszyzmem i antysemityzmem|date=9 November 2023 |trans-title=Reflection of the day to do with fighting with fascism and antisemitism|publisher=Polska Partia Socjalistyczna}}</ref> [[Progressivism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ppspl.eu/2022/06/26/pps-w-paradzie-rownosci-tak-dla-praw-lgbt-nie-dla-bankow-i-korporacji/|title=PPS w paradzie rownosci tak dla praw lgbt nie dla bankow i korporacji|date=26 June 2022 |trans-title=PPS at pride parades for LGBT rights, not for banks or ~~Retrieved~~corporations|publisher= ~~13th~~Polska ~~January~~Partia ~~2024~~Socjalistyczna}}</ref> [[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naszpps.ppspl.eu/index.php/dokumenty-statutowe/8-deklaracja-ideowa-pps|title=Deklaracja ideowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej|trans-title=Ideological declaration of the Polish Socialist Party|publisher=Polska Partia Socjalistyczna|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014160119/http://www.naszpps.ppspl.eu/index.php/dokumenty-statutowe/8-deklaracja-ideowa-pps|archive-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]

| national = [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]]

Line 44 ⟶ 45:

After the [[Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–07)|Revolution of 1905]] in the [[Russian Empire]], the party membership drastically increased from several hundred active members to a mass movement of about 60,000 members.<ref>{{cite book |title= O kształt niepodległej |last=Friszke |first=Andrzej |author-link=Andrzej Friszke |year=1989 |publisher=Biblioteka "Więzi" |location=Warszawa |isbn=83-7006-014-5 |page= 45 }}</ref> Another split in the party occurred in 1906, with the [[Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction|Revolutionary Faction]] following [[Józef Piłsudski]], who supported the nationalist and independence ideals, and the [[Polish Socialist Party – Left|Left faction]] which allied itself with the SDKPiL. However, the Revolutionary Faction became dominant and renamed itself back again to the PPS, while the Left was eclipsed, and in 1918 merged with SDKPiL forming the [[Communist Party of Poland]]. In 1917-18 the party participated in the [[Central Council of Ukraine]] and the [[General Secretariat of Ukraine|Government of Ukraine]].

During the [[Second Polish Republic]], the PPS at first supported [[Józef Piłsudski]], including his [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]], but later moved into the opposition to his authoritarian [[Sanacja]] regime by joining the democratic '[[centrolew]]' (center-left) opposition movement. Many PPS leaders and members were put on [[Brest trials|trial]] by Piłsudski's regime and jailed in the infamous [[Bereza Kartuska prison]].

The party was a member of the [[Labour and Socialist International]] between 1923 and 1940.<ref name="kow">{{cite book|last=Kowalski|first=Werner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ|title=Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19|trans-title=History of the Socialist Workers' International: 1923 - 19th Century|location=Berlin|publisher=Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften|year=1985|page=316}}</ref>

Line 64 ⟶ 65:

== Ideology ==

It historically advocated for a mix of [[socialism]] and [[Polish nationalism|nationalism]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Luxemburg|first=Rosa|author-link=Rosa Luxemburg|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857863128|title=The complete works of Rosa Luxemburg|date=2019|others=Peter Hudis, Paul Le Blanc, David Fernbach, Joseph G. Fracchia, George Shriver, Nicholas Gray|isbn=978-1-84467-974-4|location=London|oclc=857863128}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marzec|first1=Wiktor|last2=Turunen|first2=Risto|date=2018-06-01|title=Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands|url=http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/contributions/13/1/choc130103.xml|journal=Contributions to the History of Concepts|volume=13|issue=1|pages=22–50|doi=10.3167/choc.2018.130103|s2cid=149702151|issn=1807-9326}}</ref> and was considered to be on the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] on the political spectrum.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suławka|first=Adam Radosław|date=2015-12-31|title=Prasa Komitetu Centralnego Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi (KC KPZB) wydawana w języku Rosyjskim|url=http://www.apcz.pl/czasopisma/index.php/SDR/article/view/SDR.2015.2.03|journal=Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej|volume=50|issue=2|pages=55|doi=10.12775/SDR.2015.2.03|s2cid=131755073 |issn=2353-6403|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kowalski|first=Stanisław|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1088955807|title=Dzieje Kępna : od początku istnienia do 2015 r.|date=2018|publisher=Gmina Kępno|others=Kępno. Urząd Miasta i Gminy|isbn=978-83-66149-00-7|edition=Wydanie pierwsze|location=Kępno|oclc=1088955807}}</ref> They opposed [[Bolshevism]], and more favored [[Mensheviks]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dubnow|first=Simon|title=History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, Vol. 3|year=1916|publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=9781440042393}}</ref> Recently, the party has self-declared itself as a [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] force,; ~~and~~it was also described as a leftist party with a strong emphasis on democracy by their parliamentary leader [[Wojciech Konieczny]].<ref>{{Cite web|title="Chcemy być demokratyczni". Konieczny o kulisach powstania koła parlamentarnego PPS

|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/473/Artykul/2868922,Chcemy-byc-demokratyczni-Konieczny-o-kulisach-powstania-kola-parlamentarnego-PPS|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Polskie Radio|language=pl}}</ref>

~~'''Leader''':~~

~~[[Wojciech Konieczny]]~~

~~'''Vice-Leaders''':~~

~~[[Bogdan Chrzanowski]]~~

~~[[Cezary Zurawski]]~~

~~'''Secretary''':~~

~~[[Jakub Zabinski-Sikorski]]~~

~~'''Chairman of the Central Executive Committee''':~~

~~[[Marcin Klos]]~~

~~'''Vice-Leader of the Executive Committee''':~~

~~[[Marta Koscielecka]]~~

~~'''Treasurer of the Executive Committee''':~~

~~[[Malgorzata Bialek]]~~

== Election results ==

===Presidential===

{| class=wikitable

!colspan="6" align="center"|[[Second Polish Republic]]

! rowspan=2|Election

! rowspan=2|Candidate

! colspan=2|1st round

! colspan=2|2nd round

! Votes

! %

! Votes

! %

![[1922 Polish presidential elections|1922]]

|[[Ignacy Daszyński]]

|49

|9.1 (#5)

|0.2 (#5)

![[1926 Polish presidential elections|1926]]

|''Supported '''[[Józef Piłsudski]]'''''{{notetag|1=Declined to take the office.|group=Note}}

|292

|60.2 ('''#1''')

| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|

![[1926 Polish presidential elections|1926]]

|[[Zygmunt Marek]]

|56

|11.6 (#3)

|0.2 (#3)

~~=== Sejm ===~~

{| class=wikitable

!colspan="6" align="center"|[[History of Poland (1989–present)|Third Polish Republic]]

~~!Year~~

~~!Popular vote~~

! rowspan=2|Election

~~!% of vote~~

! rowspan=2|Candidate

~~!Seats~~

! colspan=2|1st round

~~!+/–~~

! colspan=2|2nd round

~~!Government~~

! Votes

! %

! Votes

! %

! [[1995 Polish presidential election|1995]]

| ''Supported Tadeusz Zieliński''

| 631,432

| 3.5 (#6)

| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|

! [[2000 Polish presidential election|2000]]

| [[Piotr Ikonowicz]]

| 38,672

| 0.2 (#10)

| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|

! [[2005 Polish presidential election|2005]]

| ''Supported [[Daniel Podrzycki]]''{{notetag|1=Podrzycki died a day prior the election in a car accident.|group=Note}}

| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey;"|

! [[2020 Polish presidential election|2020]]

| ''Supported [[Robert Biedroń]]''

| 432,129

| 2.2 (#6)

| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|

=== Sejm ===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

! Election

! Votes

! %

! Seats

! +/–

! Government

!rowspan=4 |[[1919 Polish legislative election|1919]]

|rowspan=4 |515,062

|rowspan=4 |9.2 {{small|(#4)}}

|rowspan=4 |{{Composition bar|35|394|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|rowspan=4 |New

|{{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1919)}}}}

Line 107 ⟶ 169:

|rowspan=4 |906,537

|rowspan=4 |10.3 {{small|(#5)}}

|rowspan=4 |{{Composition bar|41|444|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|rowspan=4 |{{increase}} 6

|{{no2|Opposition {{small|(1922-1925)}}}}

Line 120 ⟶ 182:

|1,482,097

|13.0 {{small|(#2)}}

|{{Composition bar|64|444|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 23

|{{no2|Opposition}}

Line 127 ⟶ 189:

|1,965,864

|17.3 {{small|(#2)}}

|{{Composition bar|23|444|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{decrease}} 41

|{{no2|Opposition}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[Centrolew]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 79 seats in total.

![[1935 Polish legislative election|1935]]

|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | ''Boycotted''

|{{Composition bar|0|206|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{decrease}} 23

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

Line 141 ⟶ 203:

![[1938 Polish legislative election|1938]]

|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | ''Boycotted''

|{{Composition bar|0|208|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{steady}} 0

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

Line 148 ⟶ 210:

|9,003,682

|26.13 (#1)

|{{Composition bar|116|444|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 116

|{{yes2|Coalition}}

| colspan="5" |As part of the [[Democratic Bloc (Poland)|Democratic Bloc]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 394 seats in total.{{notetag|1=Only communist faction.|group=Note}}

! rowspan="2"| [[1991 Polish parliamentary election|1991]]

|230,975

|2.1 {{small|(#13)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{decrease}} 116

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[Labour Solidarity]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 4 seats in total.

! rowspan="2"| [[1993 Polish parliamentary election|1993]]

|2,815,169

|20.4 {{small|(#1)}}

|{{Composition bar|4|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 4

|{{yes2|Coalition}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 171 seats in total.

! rowspan="2"| [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997]]

|3,551,224

|27.1 {{small|(#2)}}

|{{Composition bar|3|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{decrease}} 1

|{{no2|Opposition}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 164 seats in total.

![[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]]

|13,459

|0.1 {{small|(#11)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{decrease}} 3

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

Line 191 ⟶ 253:

|91,266

|0.8 {{small|(#11)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{steady}} 0

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[Polish Labour Party]] committee, ~~which~~that won no seats.

! rowspan="2"| [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|2007]]

|160,476

|1.0 {{small|(#7)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{steady}} 0

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[Polish Labour Party]] committee, ~~which~~that won no seats.

! rowspan="2"| [[2015 Polish parliamentary election|2015]]

|1,147,102

|7.6 {{small|(#5)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{steady}} 0

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

| colspan=5|As part of the [[United Left (Poland)|United Left]] coalition, ~~which~~that won no seats.

! rowspan="2"| [[2019 Polish parliamentary election|2019]]

|2,319,946

|12.6 {{small|(#3)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{steady}} 0

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

| colspan=5|As part of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 49 seats in total.

! rowspan="2"| [[2023 Polish parliamentary election|2023]]

|1,859,018

|8.6 {{small|(#4)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|460|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{steady}} 0

|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}

| colspan=5|As part of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 26 seats in total.

=== Senate ===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

! Election

~~!Year~~

! Votes

~~!Popular vote~~

! %

~~!% of vote~~

! Seats

! +/–

~~!Seat change~~

![[1922 Polish legislative election|1922]]

|468,147

|8.4 {{small|(#5)}}

|{{Composition bar|7|111|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|n/a

Line 252 ⟶ 314:

|715,556

|11.2 {{small|(#3)}}

|{{Composition bar|10|111|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 3

! [[1930 Polish legislative election|1930]]

| colspan=4|As part of [[Centrolew]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 13 seats in total.

![[1935 Polish legislative election|1935]]

Line 267 ⟶ 329:

|4,993,061

|35.7 {{small|(#1)}}

|{{Composition bar|1|100|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 1

| colspan=4|As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 37 seats in total.

! rowspan="2"| [[1997 Polish parliamentary election|1997]]

|6,091,721

|45.7 {{small|(#2)}}

|{{Composition bar|3|100|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 2

| colspan=4|As part of the [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 28 seats in total.

![[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]]

|131,987

|0.5 {{small|(#11)}}

|{{Composition bar|0|100|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{decrease}} 3

Line 289 ⟶ 351:

|415,745

|2.3 {{small|(#4)}}

|{{Composition bar|1|100|~~hex=Red~~{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

|{{increase}} 1

| colspan=4|As part of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] coalition, ~~which~~that won 2 seats in total.

===~~Presidential~~European Parliament===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

! Election

! Votes

~~!colspan="6" align="center"|[[Second Polish Republic]]~~

~~! rowspan=2|Election year~~

~~! rowspan=2|Candidate~~

~~! colspan=2|1st round~~

~~! colspan=2|2nd round~~

~~! votes~~

~~! %~~

~~! votes~~

! %

! Seats

! +/–

! EP Group

! rowspan="2"|[[2004 European Parliament election in Poland|2004]]

~~![[1922 Polish presidential elections|1922]]~~

| 48,667

~~|[[Ignacy Daszyński]]~~

| 0.80 (#12)

~~|49~~

| {{Composition bar|0|54|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

~~|9.1 (#5)~~

| New

| –

~~|0.2 (#5)~~

| colspan="5" | As part of the [[National Party of Retirees and Pensioners|KPEiR]]-PLD coalition, that won no seats.

~~![[1926 Polish presidential elections|1926]]~~

~~|''Supported '''[[Józef Piłsudski]]'''''{{notetag|1=Declined to take the office.|group=Note}}~~

~~|292~~

~~|60.2 ('''#1''')~~

~~| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|~~

![[2009 European Parliament election in Poland|2009]]

~~![[1926 Polish presidential elections|1926]]~~

| 1,331

~~|[[Zygmunt Marek]]~~

| 0.02 (#12)

~~|56~~

| {{Composition bar|0|50|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

~~|11.6 (#3)~~

| {{steady}} 0

| –

~~|0.2 (#3)~~

~~{| class=wikitable~~

! [[2014 European Parliament election in Poland|2014]]

~~!colspan="6" align="center"|[[History of Poland (1989–present)|Third Polish Republic]]~~

| colspan="2" | ''Did not contest''

| {{Composition bar|0|50|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

| –

! [[2019 European Parliament election in Poland|2019]]

~~! rowspan=2|Election year~~

| colspan="2" | ''Did not contest''

~~! rowspan=2|Candidate~~

| {{Composition bar|0|50|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

~~! colspan=2|1st round~~

| {{steady}} 0

~~! colspan=2|2nd round~~

| –

! rowspan="2" | [[2024 European Parliament election in Poland|2024]]

~~! # of overall votes~~

| 741,071

~~! % of overall vote~~

| 6.30 (#5)

~~! # of overall votes~~

| {{Composition bar|0|50|{{party color|Polish Socialist Party}}}}

~~! % of overall vote~~

| {{steady}} 0

| –

| colspan="5" |{{small|As part of [[The Left (Poland)|The Left]] coalition, that won 3 seats in total.}}

~~! [[1995 Polish presidential election|1995]]~~

~~| ''Supported Tadeusz Zieliński''~~

~~| 631,432~~

~~| 3.5 (#6)~~

~~| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|~~

~~! [[2000 Polish presidential election|2000]]~~

~~| [[Piotr Ikonowicz]]~~

~~| 38,672~~

~~| 0.2 (#10)~~

~~| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|~~

~~! [[2005 Polish presidential election|2005]]~~

~~| ''Supported [[Daniel Podrzycki]]''{{notetag|1=Podrzycki died a day prior the election in a car accident.|group=Note}}~~

~~| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey;"|~~

~~! [[2020 Polish presidential election|2020]]~~

~~| ''Supported [[Robert Biedroń]]''~~

~~| 432,129~~

~~| 2.2 (#6)~~

~~| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|~~

~~===European Parliament===~~

~~{| class=wikitable~~

~~!Year~~

~~!Popular vote~~

~~!% of vote~~

~~!Seats~~

~~! rowspan="2"|[[2004 European Parliament election in Poland|2004]]~~

~~| 48,667~~

~~| 0.80~~

~~| {{Composition bar|0|54|hex=Red}}~~

~~| colspan=4|As part of [[National Party of Retirees and Pensioners|KPEiR]]-PLD coalition, which won no seats.~~

~~![[2009 European Parliament election in Poland|2009]]~~

~~|1,331~~

~~|0.02~~

~~| {{Composition bar|0|50|hex=Red}}~~

Line 394 ⟶ 409:

*[[Stanisław Wojciechowski]] (former member)

*[[Ignacy Mościcki]] (former member)

====Presidents in Exile====

*[[Stanisław Ostrowski]]

*[[Franciszek Trąbalski]]

Line 402 ⟶ 419:

*[[Janusz Jędrzejewicz]] (former member)

*[[Walery Sławek]] (former member)

*[[Edward Osóbka-Morawski]] (later became a [[Polish United Worker's Party|communist]])

*[[Józef Cyrankiewicz]] (later became a communist)

====Prime Ministers in Exile====

*[[Tomasz Arciszewski]]

*[[Tadeusz Tomaszewski (Prime Minister)|Tadeusz Tomaszewski]]

*[[Antoni Pająk]]

*[[Alfred Urbański]]

*[[Edward Osóbka-Morawski]] (later became a communist)

*[[Józef Cyrankiewicz]] (later became a communist)

===Other figures===

Line 416 ⟶ 435:

*[[Jerzy Czeszejko-Sochacki]] (later became a communist)

*[[Norbert Barlicki]]

*[[Józef Biniszkiewicz]]

*[[Piotr Ikonowicz]]

*[[Wojciech Konieczny]]

Line 432 ⟶ 452:

*[[Leon Wasilewski]]

*[[Aleksandra Zagórska]]

*[[Iza Zielińska]]

==See also==