Proof of stake: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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===Randomized block selection===

[[Nxt]] and BlackCoin use randomization to predict the following generator by using a formula that looks for the lowest hash value in combination with the size of the stake.<ref name=nxt-whitepaper-blocks />{{Primary source inline|date=November 2018}}<ref name="BlackCoin PoS v2 White Paper" />{{Primary source inline|date=November 2018}} Since the stakes are public, each node can predict—with reasonable accuracy—which account will next win the right to forge a block.

Cardano's [https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/889.pdf Ouroboros] Proof of Stake (PoS) algorithm is the first to be proven mathematically secure, and the first to have gone through the peer-review process via its acceptance to Crypto 2017, the leading cryptography conference. The level of security demonstrated by Ouroboros is comparable to that of Bitcoin's PoW protocol, which has never been compromised. The Cardano blockhain was developed with functional [https://www.haskell.org/ Haskell] programming, formal methods and third-party security audits to create a high assurance code. Cardano's research is available in over 60 [https://www.cardano.org/en/academic-papers/ peer-reviewed whitepapers]. While the ambitious project has met with some delays, technological innovations such as [https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/the-extended-utxo-model/ Extended UTXO] and [https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/299.pdf Hydra] are significant achievements and indicative of a scientific, research-first methodolgy.

===Coin age-based selection===