Psychiatry: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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* {{cite book| veditors = Berrios GE, Porter R |date=1995|title=The History of Clinical Psychiatry|location=London|publisher=Athlone Press|oclc=1000559759|isbn=978-0-485-24211-9}}

* {{cite book|vauthors=Berrios GE|date=1996|title=History of Mental symptoms: The History of Descriptive Psychopathology since the 19th century|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|oclc=668203298|isbn=978-0-511-52672-5}}

* {{cite journal|vauthors=Burke C|date=February 2000|title=Psychiatry: a "value-free" science?|journal=[[Linacre Quarterly]]|volume=67/1|pages=59–88|doi=10.1080/20508549.2000.11877569|s2cid=77216987|url=http://www.cormacburke.or.ke/node/369|access-date=2011-01-22|archive-date=2021-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129195128/http://www.cormacburke.or.ke/node/369|url-status=live}}▼

* {{cite encyclopedia| vauthors = Ford-Martin PA | veditors = Longe JL, Blanchfield DS |date=2002 |title=Psychosis |encyclopedia=Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine |edition=2nd |volume=4 |location=Detroit |publisher=Gale Group |oclc=51166617}}

* [[Gavin Francis|Francis, Gavin]], "Changing Psychiatry's Mind" (review of [[Anne Harrington]], ''Mind Fixers: Psychiatry's Troubled Search for the Biology of Mental Illness'', Norton, 366 pp.; and [[Nathan Filer]], ''This Book Will Change Your Mind about Mental Health: A Journey into the Heartland of Psychiatry'', London, Faber and Faber, 248 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXVIII, no. 1 (14 January 2021), pp. 26–29. "[M]ental disorders are different [from illnesses addressed by other medical specialties].... [T]o treat them as purely physical is to misunderstand their nature." "[C]are [needs to be] based on distress and [cognitive, emotional, and physical] need rather than [on psychiatric] diagnos[is]", which is often uncertain, erratic, and unreplicable. (p. 29.)

* [[Sue Halpern|Halpern, Sue]], "The Bull's-Eye on Your Thoughts" (review of [[Nita A. Farahany]], ''The Battle for Your Brain: Defending the Right to Think Freely in the Age of Neurotechnology'', St. Martin's, 2023, 277 pp.; and [[Daniel Barron]], ''Reading Our Minds: The Rise of Big Data Psychiatry'', Columbia Global Reports, 2023, 150 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXX, no. 17 (2 November 2023), pp. 60–62. Psychiatrist [[Daniel Barron]] deplores psychiatry's reliance largely on subjective impressions of a patient's condition – on [[pattern recognition|behavioral-pattern recognition]] – whereas other medical specialties dispose of a more substantial armamentarium of objective diagnostic [[technologies]]. A psychiatric patient's [[diagnosis|diagnoses]] are arguably more in the eye of the physician: "An [[anti-psychotic]] 'works' if a [psychiatric] patient ''looks and feels'' less [[psychotic]]." Barron also posits that [[speech|talking]] – an important aspect of psychiatric [[diagnostics]] and treatment – involves vague, subjective [[language]] and therefore cannot reveal the [[brain]]'s objective workings. He trusts, though, that [[Big Data]] technologies will make psychiatric [[signs and symptoms]] more quantifiably objective. Sue Halpern cautions, however, that "When numbers have no agreed-upon, scientifically-derived, extrinsic meaning, quantification is unavailing." (p. 62.)

* {{cite journal|vauthors=Hirschfeld RM, Lewis L, Vornik LA|title=Perceptions and impact of bipolar disorder: how far have we really come? Results of the national depressive and manic-depressive association 2000 survey of individuals with bipolar disorder|journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry|volume=64|issue=2|pages=161–74|date=February 2003|pmid=12633125|doi=10.4088/JCP.v64n0209}}

* {{cite journal| vauthors = Hiruta G | veditors = Beveridge A |title=Japanese psychiatry in the Edo period (1600-1868)|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=13|issue=50|pages=131–51|date=June 2002|doi=10.1177/0957154X0201305002|s2cid=143377079}}▼

* {{cite journal|vauthors=Krieke LV, Jeronimus BF, Blaauw FJ, Wanders RB, Emerencia AC, Schenk HM, Vos SD, Snippe E, Wichers M, Wigman JT, Bos EH, Wardenaar KJ, Jonge PD|title=HowNutsAreTheDutch (HoeGekIsNL): A crowdsourcing study of mental symptoms and strengths|journal=International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research|volume=25|issue=2|pages=123–44|date=June 2016|pmid=26395198|doi=10.1002/mpr.1495|pmc=6877205|hdl=11370/060326b0-0c6a-4df3-94cf-3468f2b2dbd6|url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/30435764/2015_Van_der_Krieke_Jeronimus_HowNutsAreTheDutch_A_Crowdsourcing_Study_of_Mental_Symptoms_and_Strengths.pdf|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802163143/https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/30435764/2015_Van_der_Krieke_Jeronimus_HowNutsAreTheDutch_A_Crowdsourcing_Study_of_Mental_Symptoms_and_Strengths.pdf}}

* {{cite journal|vauthors=McGorry PD, Mihalopoulos C, Henry L, Dakis J, Jackson HJ, Flaum M, Harrigan S, McKenzie D, Kulkarni J, Karoly R|title=Spurious precision: procedural validity of diagnostic assessment in psychotic disorders|journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=152|issue=2|pages=220–3|date=February 1995|pmid=7840355|doi=10.1176/ajp.152.2.220|citeseerx=10.1.1.469.3360}}

* {{cite journal|vauthors=Moncrieff J, Cohen D|title=Rethinking models of psychotropic drug action|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=74|issue=3|pages=145–53|year=2005|pmid=15832065|doi=10.1159/000083999|s2cid=6917144}}

* Singh, Manvir, "Read the Label: How psychiatric diagnoses create identities", ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 13 May 2024, pp. 20-24. "[T]he ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'', or ''DSM'' [...] guides how Americans [...] understand and deal with [[mental illness]]. [...] The ''DSM'' as we know it appeared in 1980, with the publication of the ''DSM-III'' [which] favored more precise diagnostic criteria and a more scientific approach [than the first two ''DSM'' editions]. [H]owever, the emerging picture is of overlapping conditions, of categories that blur rather than stand apart. No disorder has been tied to a specific [[gene]] or set of genes. Nearly [p. 20] all genetic vulnerabilities implicated in mental illness have been associated with many conditions. [...] As the philosopher [[Ian Hacking]] observed, labelling people is very different from labelling [[quark]]s or [[microbe]]s. Quarks and microbes are indifferent to their labels; by contrast, human classifications change how 'individuals experience themselves – and may even lead people to evolve their feelings and behavior in part because they are so classified.' Hacking's best-known example is [[multiple personality disorder]] [now called [[dissociative identity disorder]]]. Between 1972 and 1986, the number of cases of patients with multiple personalities exploded from the double digits to an estimated six thousand. [...] [I]n 1955 [n]o such diagnosis [had] existed. [Similarly, o]ver the past twenty years, the prevalence of [[autism]] in the United States has quadrupled [...]. A major driver of this surge has been a broadening of the definition and a lowering of the diagnostic threshold. Among people diagnosed with autism [...] evidence of the [[psychological]] and [[neurological]] traits associated with the condition declined by up to eighty per cent between 2000 and 2015. [[Temple Grandin]] [has commented that] [p. 21] 'The spectrum is so broad it doesn't make much sense.' [Confusion has also surrounded the term "[[sociopathy]]", which] was dropped from the ''DSM-II'' with the arrival of '[[antisocial personality disorder]]' [...]. Some scholars associated sociopathy with remorseless and impulsive behavior caused by a brain injury. Other people associated it with an antisocial personality. [T]he psychologist [[Martha Stout]] used it to mean a lack of [[conscience]]." (p. 22.) Yet another confusing [[nosological]] entity is [[borderline personality disorder]], "defined by sudden swings in [[mood]], [[self-image]], and perceptions of others. [...] The concept is generally attributed to the psychoanalyst [[Adolph Stern]], who used it in 1937 to describe patients who were neither [[neurotic]] nor [[psychotic]] and thus [were] 'borderline.' [It has been noted that] key symptoms such as [[identity disturbance]], outbursts of [[anger]], and unstable interpersonal relations also feature in [[narcissistic personality disorder|narcissistic]] and [[histrionic personality disorder]]s. [Medical sociologist] [[Allan Horwitz]] [...] asks why the ''DSM'' still treats B.P.D. as a [[personality disorder|disorder of personality]] rather than [[mood disorder|of mood]]. [p. 23.] [T]he process of labelling [[reification|reifies]] categories [that is, endows them with a deceptive quality of "[[Wiktionary:thingness|thingness]]"], especially in the age of the [[Internet]]. [...] [P]eople everywhere encounter models of illness that they unconsciously embody. [...] In 2006, a [Mexican] student [...] developed devastating leg pain and had trouble walking; soon hundreds of classmates were afflicted." (p. 24.)

▲* {{cite journal|vauthors=Burke C|date=February 2000|title=Psychiatry: a "value-free" science?|journal=[[Linacre Quarterly]]|volume=67/1|pages=59–88|doi=10.1080/20508549.2000.11877569|s2cid=77216987|url=http://www.cormacburke.or.ke/node/369|access-date=2011-01-22|archive-date=2021-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129195128/http://www.cormacburke.or.ke/node/369|url-status=live}}

* {{cite web|website=National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists|url=http://www.nacbt.org/whatiscbt.htm|title=What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy?|access-date=20 September 2006|archive-date=25 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925210024/http://www.nacbt.org/whatiscbt.htm|url-status=live}}

* {{cite journal|vauthors=Van Os J, Gilvarry C, Bale R, Van Horn E, Tattan T, White I, Murray R|title=A comparison of the utility of dimensional and categorical representations of psychosis. UK700 Group|journal=Psychological Medicine|volume=29|issue=3|pages=595–606|date=May 1999|pmid=10405080|doi=10.1017/s0033291798008162|s2cid=38854519 }}

* {{cite book|vauthors=Walker E, Young PD|date=1986|title=A Killing Cure|url=https://archive.org/details/killingcure00walk|url-access=registration|edition=1st|location=New York|publisher=H. Holt and Co.|oclc=12665467|isbn=978-0-03-069906-1}}

* {{cite journal|vauthors=Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB, Spitzer RL, Davies M, Borus J, Howes MJ, Kane J, Pope HG, Rounsaville B|title=The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). II. Multisite test-retest reliability|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=49|issue=8|pages=630–6|date=August 1992|pmid=1637253|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080038006}}

▲* {{cite journal| vauthors = Hiruta G | veditors = Beveridge A |title=Japanese psychiatry in the Edo period (1600-1868)|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=13|issue=50|pages=131–51|date=June 2002|doi=10.1177/0957154X0201305002|s2cid=143377079}}

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