Puberty blocker: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
Content deleted Content added
Line 9: '''Puberty blockers''' (also called '''puberty inhibitors''' or '''hormone blockers''') are medicines used to postpone [[puberty]] in children. The most commonly used puberty blockers are [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist|gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist]]s, which suppress the [[biosynthesis|natural production]] of [[sex hormone]]s, such as [[androgen]]s (e.g. [[testosterone]]) and [[estrogen]]s (e.g. [[estradiol]]).<ref name="Hemat2003">{{cite book | vauthors = Hemat RA |title=Andropathy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfwlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|date=2 March 2003|publisher=Urotext|isbn=978-1-903737-08-8|pages=120–}}</ref><ref name="Becker2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Becker KL | title = Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVfzRvaucq8C&pg=PA973|year=2001|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-1750-2|pages=973–}}</ref><ref name="mayo">{{cite web |title=Pubertal blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria/in-depth/pubertal-blockers/art-20459075 |publisher=Mayo Clinic |access-date=15 December 2020 |language=en |date=16 August 2019}}</ref> Puberty blockers are used to delay the development of unwanted secondary sex characteristics in [[transgender]] children,<ref name="Stevens_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stevens J, Gomez-Lobo V, Pine-Twaddell E | title = Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 136 | issue = 6 | pages = 1029–1031 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26527547 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2015-2849 | doi-access = free }}</ref> so as to allow transgender youth more time to explore their [[gender identity]].<ref name="Alegría_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Alegría CA | title = Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice | journal = Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners | volume = 28 | issue = 10 | pages = 521–527 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27031444 | doi = 10.1002/2327-6924.12363 | s2cid = 22374099 }}</ref> The same drugs are also used to treat other conditions, such as [[precocious puberty]] in young children and some [[Hormone-sensitive cancer|hormone-sensitive cancers]] in adults.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Helyar S, Jackson L, Patrick L, Hill A, Ion R | title = Gender Dysphoria in children and young people: The implications for clinical staff of the Bell V's Tavistock Judicial Review and Appeal Ruling | journal = Journal of Clinical Nursing | volume = 31 | issue = 9–10 | pages = e11–e13 | date = May 2022 | pmid = 34888970 | doi = 10.1111/jocn.16164 | s2cid = 245029743 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid25667370">{{cite journal | vauthors = Watson SE, Greene A, Lewis K, Eugster EA | title = BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF GnRH ANALOG USE IN A PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY REFERRAL CENTER | journal = Endocrine Practice | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 586–589 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 25667370 | pmc = 5344188 | doi = 10.4158/EP14412.OR }}</ref><ref name="pmid25342997">{{cite journal | vauthors = Panday K, Gona A, Humphrey MB | title = Medication-induced osteoporosis: screening and treatment strategies | journal = Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 5 | pages = 185–202 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 25342997 | pmc = 4206646 | doi = 10.1177/1759720X14546350 }}</ref> The use of puberty blockers in transgender youth varies considerably country to country. In the UK, since July 2024, prescription of puberty blockers to under 18s to new patients is banned to both private medical practises (by a law in parliament in July) and the official state healthcare [[National Health Service]]( NHS), in the aftermath of the [[Cass Review]] <ref name=":0" /> except for use in clinical research trials. The use of puberty blockers in transgender youth is supported by twelve major American medical associations, including the [[American Medical Association]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ama-assn.org/health-care-advocacy/advocacy-update/march-26-2021-state-advocacy-update | title = State Advocacy Update | date=26 March 2021 | work = American Medical Association }}</ref> the [[American Psychological Association]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Criminalizing Gender Affirmative Care with Minors |url=https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/policy/issues/gender-affirmative-care |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407083327/https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/policy/issues/gender-affirmative-care |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=[[American Psychological Association|APA]]}}</ref> the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]],<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Wyckoff AS |title=AAP continues to support care of transgender youths as more states push restrictions |url=https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/19021/AAP-continues-to-support-care-of-transgender |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=[[American Academy of Pediatrics|AAP]]}}</ref> along with four Australian medical organizations,<ref name="Parents of Gender Diverse Children" /> the [[Endocrine Society]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210415/Endocrine-Society-opposes-legislative-efforts-to-prevent-access-to-medical-care-for-transgender-youth.aspx | title=Endocrine Society opposes legislative efforts to prevent access to medical care for transgender youth | date=15 April 2021 | work = Endocrine Society }}</ref> the [https://www.essm.org European Society for Sexual Medicine],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = T'Sjoen G, Arcelus J, De Vries AL, Fisher AD, Nieder TO, Özer M, Motmans J | title = European Society for Sexual Medicine Position Statement "Assessment and Hormonal Management in Adolescent and Adult Trans People, With Attention for Sexual Function and Satisfaction" | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 570–584 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 32111534 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.012 | hdl-access = free | hdl = 1854/LU-8660203 }}</ref><sup>:573</sup> and the [[World Professional Association for Transgender Health]] (WPATH).<ref>{{cite web | title = USPATH Position Statement on Legislative and Executive Actions Regarding the Medical Care of Transgender Youth | date = 22 April 2022 | work = US Professional Association for Transgender Health (USPATH) | url = https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Documents/USPATH/2022/With%20Date%20Position%20Statement%20Anti%20Trans%20Leg%20USPATH%20Apr%2022%202022.pdf?_t=1650665621 }}</ref> ▼ ▲ In the 2020s, the provision of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria in children has become the subject of public controversy. A combination of shifts in public opinion, political lobbying, and rising scepticism in the field of medicine has led to the rolling back of the use of puberty blockers for transgender children in several countries, with some healthcare systems stopping the routine use of puberty blockers,<ref name="BBC_News_2024" /> while some states of the United States made their use a criminal offence.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Choi A, Mullery W |date=2023-06-06 |title=19 states have laws restricting gender-affirming care, some with the possibility of a felony charge |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/06/politics/states-banned-medical-transitioning-for-transgender-youth-dg/index.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Map: Where gender-affirming care is being targeted in the US| vauthors = Alfonseca K |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/map-gender-affirming-care-targeted-us/story?id=97443087 |date=22 May 2023| access-date=2023-08-14 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Line 173 ⟶ 175: === United Kingdom === {{see also|Transgender rights in the United Kingdom#Medical treatment for young people}} As of July 2024, prescription of puberty blockers to under 18s to new patients is banned to both private medical practises (by a law in parliament in July) and the official state healthcare [[National Health Service]]( NHS), in the aftermath of the [[Cass Review]] <ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Cass Review: Implementation |date=2024-08-16 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cass_Review#Implementation |access-date=2024-08-16 |language=en}}</ref> except for use in clinical research trials. Looking back, on 30 June 2020, the NHS changed it's website, replacing the statement that puberty blockers were "fully reversible" and that "treatment can usually be stopped at any time"; with "little is known about the long-term side effects of hormone or puberty blockers in children with gender dysphoria. <ref name="BBC Woman's Hour">{{cite news |date=30 June 2020 |title=Women and Gaming; ICU nurse Dawn Bilbrough; Poulomi Basu; Puberty blockers |work=[[Woman's Hour]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000kgsj |access-date=1 November 2021}}</ref> | |||